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Department of Railway Engineering
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Year 2021
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A 95-Year-Old Concrete Arch Bridge: From Materials Characterization to Structural Analysis
PublicationThe structural analysis of a 95-year-old concrete arch bridge located in Jagodnik (Poland) is performed in this paper, in order to check its behavior under today’s traffic loads. The mechanical properties of both the concrete and the reinforcement are investigated by testing cores and bar stubs extracted from the bridge. Structural analysis confirms that the bridge meets today’s load requirements in terms of bearing capacity, serviceability...
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A dynamic vehicle-bridge model based on the modal identification results of an existing EN57 train and bridge spans with non-ballasted tracks
PublicationThis paper addresses the methodology of the bridge-vehicle dynamic model definition based on the free response measurements of an existing train and existing bridge spans. In the case of the railway vehicle, the methodology uses the impulse excitations of a single car by means of the wedge method. In the case of the bridge spans, free responses are collected after the passages of trains. The global modal parameters (frequencies...
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A multi-criteria decision model for the introduction of electric storage multiple units on the partially electrified Gdynia-Hel railway
Publication: In this article a multi-criteria study of the use of independently powered electric multiple units on the partially electrified Gdynia Główna - Hel line was carried out. The use of (currently used) diesel and, as an alternative, electric and electric multiple units with an electric energy storage was considered. The analysis was carried out on the basis of three criteria for assessing the route service options, i.e. environmental,...
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A pilot study to assess manufacturing processes using selected point measures of vibroacoustic signals generated on a multitasking machine
PublicationThe article presents the method for the evaluation of selected manufacturing processes using the analysis of vibration and sound signals. This method is based on the use of sensors installed outside the machining zone, allowing to be used quickly and reliably in real production conditions. The article contains a developed measurement methodology based on the specific location of microphones and vibration transducers mounted on...
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Assessing the Risk in Urban Public Transport for Epidemiologic Factors
PublicationPandemics have presented new challenges for public transport organisers and operators. New diseases (e.g., influenza H1N1, severe acute respiratory syndrome—SARS, as well as, more recently, SARS-CoV-2) increase the need for new protection measures to prevent epidemic outbreaks in public transport infrastructure. The authors’ goal is to present a set of actions in the area of public transport that are adjusted to different levels...
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Bypass kolejowy dla wiaduktu łukowego i kratownicowego w ciągu modernizowanej linii kolejowej E59 na odcinku Wronki – Dobiegniew
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono realizacje bypassu kolejowego, zlokalizowanego nieopodal miejscowości Krzyż Wielkopolski w ciągu linii kolejowej E59 na skrzyżowaniu z linią kolejową 203. Wariantowa analiza kilku zaproponowanych rozwiązań wykazała, ze wykonstruowanie bypassu na czas prowadzenia prac modernizacyjnych pozwoli na utrzymanie ciągłości ruchu kolejowego, nie stworzy nadmiernych problemów podróżnym, a jednocześnie pozwoli na...
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Cable-stayed bridges. Basic static schemes
PublicationThe paper presents an overview of shaping of cable-stayed bridges. Historical background, basic static sketches and overview of selected bridges are included. Selected natural solutions and interesting unrealized projects were presented. Basic ideas and most important principals are discussed. The examples and sketches were given an author's comment. Static diagrams of two pylon structures with three variants of the arrangement...
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CFFT columns in road through railroad crossings
PublicationThere were 12801 road through railroad one-level crossings in Poland in 2018. 215 accidents happened at them in 2018. In order to increase safety in rail and road traffic two-level crossings should be used. They are definitely safer and make the traffic more smooth. In the design and construction of two-level intersections of railway and road or path columns of circular cross-section are often used. They can be successfully replaced...
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Determining horizontal curvature of railway track axis in mobile satellite measurements
PublicationThe article discusses the applicability of a novel method to determine horizontal curvature of the railway track axis based on results of mobile satellite measurements. The method is based on inclination angle changes of a moving chord in the Cartesian coordinate system. In the presented case, the variant referred to as the method of two virtual chords is applied which consists in manoeuvring with only one GNSS (Global Navigation...
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Hybrid energy storage forelectric multiple units to operate at the partially electrified line Gdynia -Hel
PublicationThe article presents calculations enabling the selection of an on-board energy storage device to replace diesel-powered trains with modern storage multiple units on the example railway line Gdynia Główna -Hel. The pioneering and currently used storage electric multiple units, mainly in Europe, were presented. The condensed results of the inventory of the line in question, including the technical condition...
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Innovative mobile method to determine railway track axis position in global coordinate system using position measurements performed with GNSS and fixed base of the measuring vehicle
PublicationThe shape of the railway track axis and its position in the global coordinate system are essential when defining design parameters of the railway. Correct reconstruction of these quantities is vital for both verifying the compliance of real track parameters with the design and for diagnosing, as all track deformations can also be defined as deviations of real parameters from their design values. The measurements of quantities related...
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Numeryczna analiza dynamiczna wieszaków w łukowym wiadukcie kolejowym. Analiza przypadku
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono analizę dynamiczną wiaduktu kolejowego w ciągu Centralnej Magistrali Kolejowej zlokalizowanego koło Huty Zawadzkiej. W analizie zwrócono szczególną uwagę na lokalną odpowiedź wieszaków na obciążenie przejeżdżającym pociągiem oraz wiatrem. Obliczenia przeprowadzono na podstawie wykonanego modelu MES. Zweryfikowano poprawność modelu poprzez porównanie uzyskanych wyników z wartościami pomierzonymi. Przeprowadzono...
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OCENA NOŚNOŚCI STAREGO MOSTU ŁUKOWEGO W JAGODNIKU
PublicationArtykuł opisuje przeprowadzoną analizę statyczno-wytrzymałościowa 95-letniego betonowego mostu łukowego zlokalizowanego w Jagodniku w północnej Polsce. Trwałość i wytrzymałość starego betonu są określane na podstawie wybranych właściwości mechanicznych, fizycznych i chemicznych. Program badań laboratoryjnych składał się z następującego zestawu badań: pomiary głębokości strefy skarbonatyzowanej i gęstości w stanie suchym, badania...
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Pomiar sił w wantach mostu podwieszonego
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metodę oraz wyniki badań sił w wantach Mostu III Tysiąclecia im. Jana Pawła II w Gdańsku. Do identyfikacji sił wykorzystano trzy metody: wibracyjną; z wykorzystaniem siłownika jednosplotowego (lift-off) oraz pomiaru strzałki ugięcia. Przedstawione wyniki badań dowodzą, że wszystkie metody mogą być z powodzeniem wykorzystywane do identyfikacji rzeczywistej siły w wancie. Każda z metod ma jednak ograniczenia...
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Safety at railway level crossings and Vision Zero
PublicationIn this work, safety analysis at the railway level crossings is presented using advanced mathematical modelling. Resistivity of track subgrade panels is taken into account. The analysis does not refer to the assessment of the current regulations. Specific cases of generalized dynamic system are considered by introducing operations S=Δ, S=P defined in space C(N) of real sequences. In this model, generalized discrete exponential...
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Studium wprowadzenia elektrycznych zespołów trakcyjnych z zasobnikami energii na częściowo zelektryfikowanej trasie Orunia Górna - Port Oksywie
PublicationW artykule rozważono innowacyjny układ przewozów pasażerskich Metropolii Trójmiejskiej. Dla układu z naprzemiennie występującymi odcinkami zelektryfikowanymi i niezelektryfikowanymi wyznaczono zapotrzebowanie energetyczne i dobrano hipotetyczny zasobnik, składający się z baterii akumulatorów oraz superkondesarorów. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy wykazano, że zastosowanie elektrycznych zespołów zasobnikowych w stosunku do zespołów...
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The fate and contamination of trace metals in soils exposed to a railroad used by Diesel Multiple Units: Assessment of the railroad contribution with multi-tool source tracking
PublicationSoil samples from cut slopes from lightly loaded railway lines used by Diesel Multiple Units for 5 years in Gdansk (Poland) were collected and analyzed for trace metals (TMs): Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, and Fe. The main aim was to assess soil enrichment, contamination status, and distribution of TMs relative to the distance from the railway track. Extensive source tracking analyses were performed using cluster analysis (CA) and the...
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Ulepszanie podłoża gruntowego i podtorza z użyciem środków strzałowych
PublicationSzybka i skuteczna metoda wzmacniania podłoża gruntowego i podtorza z wykorzystaniem środków strzałowych (zastrzeżona nazwa handlowa: metoda mikrowybuchów) pozwala projektować i budować drogi kolejowe na gruntach o obniżonej nośności (np. tereny podmokłe, bagna, odpady przemysłowe, komunalne, zdegradowane nasypy antropogeniczne). Jest przydatna i godna polecenia przy budowie nowych linii kolejowych, modernizacji istniejących oraz...
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Uptake, accumulation, and translocation of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr by P. australis seedlings in an urban dredged sediment mesocosm: impact of seedling origin and initial trace metal content
PublicationThe study presents results from 6 months of phytoremediation of sediments dredged from three urban retention tanks carried out in a mesocosm setup with the use of P. australis. Two kinds of P. australis seedlings were considered: seedlings originating from natural (uncontaminated - Suncont) and anthropogenically changed environments (contaminated – Scont); this distinction was reflected in the baseline concentrations of trace metals...
Year 2020
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Analysis of positioning methods using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in Polish State Railways (PKP)
PublicationEach year, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) improve their accuracy, availability, continuity, integrity, and reliability. Due to these continual improvements, the systems are increasingly used in various modes of transport, including rail transport, the subject of this publication. GNSS are used for rail passenger information, rail traffic management, and rail traffic control. These applications differ in the positioning...
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Analysis of the Ways to Identify Rail Running Surface Defects by Means of Vibration Signals
PublicationTh e article discusses a preliminary concept of a method enabling the identifi cation of chosen rail running surface defects, such as squats, spalling, and running surface defects, by analysing the parameters of vibration signals. It features a description of the methodology of the conducted tests, the scope thereof, and the selection of the measurement points with specifi c defect types. Th e article covers selected results of...
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Application of Least Squares with Conditional Equations Method for Railway Track Inventory Using GNSS Observations
PublicationSatellite geodetic networks are commonly used in surveying tasks, but they can also be used in mobile surveys. Mobile satellite surveys can be used for trackage inventory, diagnostics and design. The combination of modern technological solutions with the adaptation of research methods known in other fields of science offers an opportunity to acquire highly accurate solutions for railway track inventory. This article presents the...
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Application of non-classical operational calculus to indicate hazards in numerical solutions of engineering problems
PublicationThe article addresses the application of non- classical operational calculus to approximative solutions of engineering problems. The engineering-sound examples show that a continuous–discrete problem transformation from differential unequivocal problem to a differential wildcard problem, triggering a change in solution quality. A number of approximative methods are capable to alter both quantitative and qualitative...
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Atypical application of the parametric method for track infrastructure inventory
PublicationFor many years, satellite systems have seen widespread use in a variety of technical applications, as well as in operations related to setting-out and the exploitation of track infrastructure. Their main applications include an inventory of the trackage course and detecting changes in its position. In both of these tasks, the most important element that determines the quality of an analyses is the high accuracy of the determinations...
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Concrete-filled FRP tubular members in marine and bridge structures
PublicationConcrete core of the concrete-filled tubes (CFTs) with circular cross-section is in the case of an axial compression subjected to a spatial state of compressive stresses. This state leads to enhancement in the concrete strength. The enhancement is utilized in Eurocode 4 design procedures for CFSTs (i.e. CFTs with tube made of steel). The structural design of CFFTs (i.e. CFTs with tube made of Fibre Reinforced Polymer - FRP) is...
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Correction of determined coordinates of railway tracks in mobile satellite measurements
PublicationThis article examines one of the basic issues related to the technique of mobile satellite measurements in railway tracks. This problem concerns the correction of the determined coordinates of the track centerline. The need to perform this operation results from the GNSS receivers positioning at a certain height above the level of the existing track axis, leading to longitudinal and lateral shifts of antennas. The key problem here...
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Determination of the tram track axis using a multi receiver GNSS measurement system
PublicationThis article refers to research, that has been conducted by an interdisciplinary research team from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia since 2009. These investigation concerns the determination of a railway track axis using the mobile satellite measurement technique. Following the dynamic development of GNSS techniques, that could be seen in the last decade, the team carried out further experiments...
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Digital Filtering of Railway Track Coordinates in Mobile Multi–Receiver GNSS Measurements
PublicationThe article discusses an important issue in connection with the technique of mobile Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements of railway track coordinates, which is digital filtering performed to precisely determine railway track axes. For this purpose, a measuring technique is proposed which bases on the use of a measuring platform with a number of appropriately distributed GNSS receivers, where two of them determine...
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Effect of pine impregnation and feed speed on sound level and cutting power in wood sawing
PublicationThe sound levels along with the cutting power registered during the sawing process of the impregnated and non-impregnated pine wood at two feed speeds are shown and compared in this paper. Statistically significant differences in the acoustic signals occurred at the lower feed rate. The differences became smaller with an increase in the feed speed. In contrast to the sound signal, the differences...
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Elektryczne zespoły zasobnikowe jako alternatywa dla elektryfikacji nowych linii w Trójmieście = Electric Multiple Units With Energy Storage – Alternative to Electrification of New Lines in Three City
PublicationRozważono zastosowanie nowoczesnych zespołów trakcyjnych na liniach pasażerskich Trójmiasta. Zaproponowano budowę linii Gdańsk Śródmieście - Orunia Górna oraz odtworzenie komunikacji do północnych dzielnic Gdyni. Przeanalizowano trójmiejski układ komunikacyjny dla ruchu pociągów z zasobnikami energii. Zaproponowano trasę Orunia Górna - Wrzeszcz - Osowa - Chylonia - Port Oksywie z naprzemiennie występującymi odcinkami zelektryfikowanymi...
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Evaluation of the Possibility of Identifying a Complex Polygonal Tram Track Layout Using Multiple Satellite Measurements
PublicationWe present the main assumptions about the algorithmization of the analysis of measurement data recorded in mobile satellite measurements. The research team from the Gda´nsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia, as part of a research project conducted in cooperation with PKP PLK (Polish Railway Infrastructure Manager), developed algorithms supporting the identification and assessment of track axis layout....
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Experimental and Numerical Study on Dynamics of Two Footbridges with Different Shapes of Girders
PublicationThe paper presents the experimental and numerical results of the dynamic system identification and verification of the behavior of two footbridges in Poland. The experimental part of the study involved vibration testing under different scenarios of human-induced load, impulse load, and excitations induced by vibration exciter. Based on the results obtained, the identification of dynamic parameters of the footbridges was performed...
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Experimental Studies of Concrete-Filled Composite Tubes under Axial Short- and Long-Term Loads
PublicationThe paper presents experimental studies on axially compressed columns made of concrete-filled glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) tubes. The infill concrete was C30/37 according to Eurocode 2. The investigated composite pipes were characterized by different angles of fiber winding in relation to the longitudinal axis of the element: 20, 55 and 85 degrees. Columns of two lengths, 0.4 m and 2.0 m, were studied. The internal diameter...
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Improvement of subsoil and railway substructure by explosive means.
PublicationQuick and effective method of subsoil and railway substructure improvement by using explosive means (registered trade name: microblasting) allowes design and construct railways on lowered bearing soils (i.e. wetlands, marshlands, industrial by-products, municipal wastes, degraded antropogenic embankments). It is usefull and recommendable technology to construct new railways, modernization or maintenance and repairing of old ones...
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Increasing the lifetime of engineering structures through the use of composite laggings
PublicationThe use of composite laggings prevents concrete (chemical and biological) corrosion. Columns coated with composite or reinforced composite are more resistant to negative environmental impact on concrete or steel. The mechanical properties of the reinforced casing also cause that these types of columns are more resistant to lateral forces. The applied casing limits carbonization of concrete and cyclical freezing and thawing with...
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Innowacyjna metoda wzmocnienia gruntu za przyczółkiem przy użyciu iniekcji geopolimerowych
PublicationW obecnych czasach szybki rozwój infrastruktury i nowoczesnych technologii niejednokrotnie narzuca projektantom oraz wykonawcom takie rozwiązania, aby prowadzone roboty budowalne, były jak najmniej uciążliwe dla uczestników ruchu i jak najmniej ingerowały w system komunikacyjny. Dotyczy to zarówno budowy nowych obiektów, jaki i remontu obiektów już istniejących. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono nowatorską koncepcję remontu wiaduktu...
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Inverse Analysis as a Key Element of Safety Assessment under the Snow Load For The Large Suspension Roofs Structure
PublicationThe paper presents a concept and realization of monitoring system for the Silesian Stadium in Chorzow. The idea of the system lies in fusion of structure monitoring with a calibrated numerical FEM model [1]. The inverse problem is solved. On the base of measured selected displacements, the numerical FEM model of the structure combined with iterative method, develops the current snow load distribution. Knowing the load, we can calculate...
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Koncepcja połączenia kolejowego Morskiego Portu Gdynia S.A. z Kolejową Obwodnicą Trójmiasta
PublicationZapotrzebowanie na połączenie rozwijającego się Morskiego Portu Gdynia z Kolejową Obwodnicą Trójmiasta. Utworzenie tak zwanych „długich pociągów”. Wpływ katastrof kolejowych na warunki gruntowe i środowisko. Potrzeba modernizacji linii kolejowych. Kolejowa Obwodnica Trójmiasta jako alternatywa dla przejazdu pociągów przez obszar Aglomeracji Trójmiejskiej.
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Konstrukcje z gruntu zbrojonego geosyntetykami odciążające przyczółki - Analiza temperatur
PublicationW artykule podjęto, bardzo istotny z punktu widzenia bezpieczeństwa i trwałości konstrukcji, temat zachowania się w czasie przyczółków mostowych, które zaprojektowano z wykorzystaniem konstrukcji odciążających z gruntu zbrojonego geosyntetykami. Na dwóch przykładach przeanalizowano zmienność temperatur wewnątrz bloku z gruntu zbrojonego. Temperatura w otoczeniu geozbrojenia syntetycznego może mieć istotny wpływ na jego trwałość.
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Material Parameters Identification of Historic Lighthouse Based on Operational Modal Analysis
PublicationIn the present paper, the identification of the material parameters of a masonry lighthouse is discussed. A fully non-invasive method was selected, in which the material properties were determined via numerical model validation applied to the first pair of natural frequencies and their related mode shapes, determined experimentally. The exact structural model was built by means of the finite element method. To obtain experimental...
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Nondestructive Testing of the Miter Gates Using Various Measurement Methods
PublicationWhen any problems related to civil engineering structures appear, identifying the issue through the usage of only one measuring method is difficult. Therefore, comprehensive tests are required to identify the main source. The strains and displacement measurements, as well as modal identification, are widely used in the nondestructive testing of structures. However, measurements are usually carried out at several points and confirm...
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Ocena klimatu akustycznego w przestrzeni pasażerskiej elektrycznego zespołu trakcyjnego serii EN57
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań poziomów dźwięku w przestrzeni pasażerskiej elektrycznego zespołu trakcyjnego (EZT) serii EN57 podczas postoju, rozruchu, jazdy oraz hamowania. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie autorskiej metodyki badawczej bazując na normie PNEN ISO 3381:Kolejnictwo. Akustyka. Pomiar hałasu wewnątrz pojazdów szynowych. Badania przeprowadzono na linii kolejowej nr 250 od przystanku Gdańsk Śródmieście do stacji...
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Ocena komfortu pieszego na kładkach. Case study
PublicationTrend w projektowaniu nowych kładek dla pieszych wymaga, aby były one coraz bardziej „wyszukane” i lekkie. Bardzo często jednak z tego powodu obiekty te mają pierwszą częstotliwość giętną pomostu zbliżoną do wymuszenia chodem pieszego. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono trzy konstrukcje kładek dla pieszych. Każda z nich znalazła się w innej grupie narażenia na wystąpienie drgań rezonansowych, z uwagi na pierwszą częstotliwość drgań...
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Prospects in elongation of railway transition curves
PublicationThe paper presents an analysis of the elongation of transition curves in relation to railway track alignment correction and modernisation. The analysis is based on numerical computations for a wide range of parameters describing a typical railway geometrical layout with transition curves. The differences between the horizontal ordinates of the existing layout and the layout with the elongated transition curves are evaluated and...
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Storage electric multiple units on partially electrified suburban railway lines
PublicationThe paper presents possible environmental, energy and economical gains implied by replacing conventional traction vehicles with independent powered electric multiple units (IPEMU) on partially electrified suburban railways. IPEMUs can operate in two modes of power supply – using overhead catenary or onboard battery storage. Appropriate computer simulations were carried out in the Matlab program, indicating the parameters of storage...
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Study on applicability of two modal identification techniques in irrelevant cases
PublicationStudy on applicability of two modal identification techniques in irrelevant cases is made in this paper. The following techniques are considered: Peak Picking based on correlation analysis (PP-CA), dedicated for ambient vibrations and Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA), formulated for free decay vibrations investigation. Irrelevant cases are found when analyzed signals are different than recommended to a given technique. The...
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Testing the Positioning Accuracy of GNSS Solutions during the Tramway Track Mobile Satellite Measurements in Diverse Urban Signal Reception Conditions
PublicationMobile Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements carried out on the railway consist of using satellite navigation systems to determine the track geometry of a moving railway vehicle on a given route. Their purposes include diagnostics, stocktaking, and design work in railways. The greatest advantage of this method is the ability to perform measurements in a unified and coherent spatial reference system, which...
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The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation
PublicationAn important role in the consumption of electric energy in urban transport are non-traction needs (auxiliaries), the main part of which is heating and air condition (HVAC). Auxiliaries are responsible for almost half of total energy consumption (normal weather conditions) and in the winter (or hot summer) it reaches up to 70% in daily scale. The reduction of energy used for non-traction needs is currently the main challenge related...
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Układy dynamiczne w analizie zachowania się geosyntetyków w kolejowych konstrukcjach inżynierskich
PublicationW analizie współpracy geosyntetyków z elementami konstrukcji inżynierskiej możemy je traktować jako membrany sprężyste lub powłoki posadowione na różnych rodzajach podłoża. Modelowanie układu rzeczywistego oznacza jego idealizację pod kątem uwzględnienia tych cech ośrodka i jego elementów, które wydają się najistotniejsze z punktu widzenia analizowanego problemu. Zbudowany zostanie model fizyczny, a następnie matematyczny przedstawiony...
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Verification of GNSS Measurements of the Railway Track Using Standard Techniques for Determining Coordinates
PublicationThe problem of the reproduction of the railway geometric layout in the global spatial system is currently solved in the form of measurements that use geodetic railway networks and also, in recent years, efficient methods of mobile positioning (mainly satellite and inert). The team of authors from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia as part of the research project InnoSatTrack is looking for...