Abstract
Our everyday behaviours in life can positively and negatively impact our health, thus cumulatively shaping our lifestyles as more or less healthy. These behaviours are often determined by our knowledge, literacy, motivations and socioeconomic backgrounds. The authors aimed to assess health behaviours and explore variables that may affect persons studying to become future healthcare professionals in Poland. This study was conducted with a group of 275 undergraduate students attending the Poznan University of Medical Sciences representing six different majors of study. We used self-reported, cross-sectional survey conducted through the use of a questionnaire that consisted of one standardised scale (Juczy ´ nski’s Health Behaviour Inventory) as well as a self-developed health literacy measure. The students showed average to high levels of health-promoting behaviours (mean HBI = 82.04 11.26). Medium to strong associations were found between these behaviours and high scores on the health literacy scale (p = 0.001, r = 0.45 between total scores of the two scales). Dietetics students and female respondents scored significantly better on both scales, which suggests that their self-reported behaviours and health literacy were higher than those of other participants. Exhibiting health-protective behaviours and high health literacy is likely to result in the better individual health of our respondents, but, more importantly, will also influence their future professions. As members of the healthcare workforce they will be responsible for the health of the population and it is crucial for them not only to provide care, education, and guidance, but also to act as role-models for their patients and society.
Citations
Authors (5)
Cite as
Full text
Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Magazine publication
- Type:
- Magazine publication
- Published in:
-
Healthcare
no. 10,
edition 9,
ISSN: 2227-9032 - Publication year:
- 2022
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10091723
- Bibliography: test
-
- World Health Organization. Constitution of the World Health Organization. Available online: https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/ PDF/bd47/EN/constitution-en.pdf?ua=1 (accessed on 23 August 2022).
- World Health Organization. WHO Called to Return to the Declaration of Alma-Ata. Geneva; WHO: Genève, Switzerland, 1978. Available online: https://www.who.int/teams/social-determinants-of-health/declaration-of-alma-ata (accessed on 23 August 2022).
- World Health Organization. Global Strategy for Health for All by the Year; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland. Available online: https: //www.who.int/publications/i/item/9241800038 (accessed on 23 August 2022).
- World Health Organization. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion; WHO: Genève, Switzerland, 1986. Available online: http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/index.html (accessed on 8 July 2022).
- Dahlgren, G.; Whitehead, M. Policies and Strategies to Promote Social Equity in Health. Background Document to WHO. In Strategy Paper for Europe; Institute for Future Studies: Stockholm, Sweden, 1991.
- Catford, J. Ottawa 1986: Back to the future. Health Promot. Int. 2011, 26 (Suppl. S2), 163-167. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Potvin, L.; Jones, C.M. Twenty-five years after the Ottawa Charter: The critical role of health promotion for public health. Can. J. Public Health 2011, 102, 244-248. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- United Nations. World Population Prospects. Population Division. Available online: https://population.un.org/dataportal/home (accessed on 23 August 2022).
- Mackenbach, J.P.; Looman, C.W.N. Life expectancy and national income in Europe, 1900-2008: An update of Preston's analysis. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2013, 42, 1100-1110. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Mackenbach, J.P. Political conditions and life expectancy in Europe, 1900-2008. Soc. Sci. Med. 2013, 82, 134-146. [CrossRef] 11. van Dam, R.M.; Li, T.; Spiegelman, D.; Franco, O.H.; Hu, F.B. Combined impact of lifestyle factors on mortality: Prospective cohort study in US women. BMJ 2008, 337, a1440. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Li, Y.; Pan, A.; Wang, D.D.; Liu, X.; Dhana, K.; Franco, O.H.; Kaptoge, S.; Di Angelantonio, E.; Stampfer, M.; Willett, W.C.; et al. Impact of healthy lifestyle factors on life expectancies in the US population. Circulation 2018, 138, 345-355. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Awofeso, N. What's new about the "new public health"? Am. J. Public Health 2004, 94, 705-709. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Braveman, P.; Egerter, S.; Williams, D.R. The social determinants of health: Coming of age. Annu. Rev. Public Health 2011, 32, 381-398. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Cockerham, W.C. Health lifestyle theory and the convergence of agency and structure. J. Health. Soc. Behav. 2005, 46, 51-67. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Williams, D.R.; Costa, M.V.; Odunlami, A.O.; Mohammed, S.A. Moving upstream: How interventions that address the social determinants of health can improve health and reduce disparities. J. Public Health Manag. Pract. 2008, 14, S8-S17. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Armstrong, D. Origins of the problem of health-related behaviours: A genealogical study. Soc. Stud. Sci. 2009, 39, 909-926. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- World Health Organization. The Top 10 Causes of Death. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/ detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death (accessed on 23 August 2022).
- Tabish, S.A. Lifestyle diseases: Consequences, characteristics, causes and control. J. Cardiol. Curr. Res. 2017, 9, 11-12. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kelishadi, R. Life-cycle approach for prevention of non communicable disease. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 2019, 1121, 1-6. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- WHO Self-Care Interventions for Health. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/self-care- health-interventions (accessed on 8 July 2022).
- Davies, S.C.; Winpenny, E.; Ball, S.; Fowler, T.; Rubin, J.; Nolte, E. For debate: A new wave in public health improvement. Lancet 2014, 384, 1889-1895. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Lioret, S.; Campbell, K.J.; McNaughton, S.A.; Cameron, A.J.; Salmon, J.; Abbott, G.; Hesketh, K.D. Lifestyle patterns begin in early childhood, persist and are socioeconomically patterned, confirming the importance of early life interventions. Nutrients 2020, 12, 724. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Cheung, B.M.Y.; Or, B.; Fei, Y.; Tsoi, M.F. A 2020 vision of hypertension. Korean Circ. J. 2020, 50, 469-475. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Albury, C.; Hall, A.; Syed, A.; Ziebland, S.; Stokoe, E.; Roberts, N.; Webb, H.; Aveyard, P. Communication practices for delivering health behaviour change conversations in primary care: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. BMC Fam. Pract. 2019, 20, 111. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Fleary, S.A.; Joseph, P.; Pappagianopoulos, J.E. Adolescent health literacy and health behaviors: A systematic review. J. Adolesc. 2018, 62, 116-127. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Sørensen, K.; Van den Broucke, S.; Fullam, J.; Doyle, G.; Pelikan, J.; Slonska, Z.; Brand, H. Consortium Health Literacy Project European. Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models. BMC Public Health 2012, 12, 80. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Ormshaw, M.J.; Paakkari, L.T.; Kannas, L.K. Measuring child and adolescent health literacy: A systematic review of literature. Health Educ. 2013, 113, 433-455. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Liu, C.; Wang, D.; Liu, C.; Jiang, J.; Wang, X.; Chen, H.; Ju, X.; Zhang, X. What is the meaning of health literacy? A systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Fam. Med. Community Health 2020, 8, e000351. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Urstad, K.H.; Andersen, M.H.; Larsen, M.H.; Borge, C.R.; Helseth, S.; Wahl, A.K. Definitions and measurement of health literacy in health and medicine research: A systematic review. BMJ Open 2022, 12, e056294. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Phillips, A. Effective approaches to health promotion in nursing practice. Nurs. Stand. 2019, 34, 43-50. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Schneider, A.; Bak, M.; Mahoney, C.; Hoyle, L.; Kelly, M.; Atherton, I.M.; Kyle, R.G. Health-related behaviours of nurses and other healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study using the Scottish Health Survey. J. Adv. Nurs. 2019, 75, 1239-1251. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Whitlock, E.P.; Orleans, C.T.; Pender, N.; Allan, J. Evaluating primary care behavioral counseling interventions: An evidence-based approach. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2002, 22, 267-284. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Elwyn, G.; Frosch, D.; Thomson, R.; Joseph-Williams, N.; Lloyd, A.; Kinnersley, P.; Cording, E.; Tomson, D.; Dodd, C.; Rollnick, S.; et al. Shared decision making: A model for clinical practice. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 2012, 27, 1361-1367. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Tsitsimpikou, C.; Tsarouhas, K.; Vasilaki, F.; Papalexis, P.; Dryllis, G.; Choursalas, A.; Bacopoulou, F. Health risk behaviors among high school and university adolescent students. Exp. Ther. Med. 2018, 16, 3433-3438. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Chawłowska, E.; Lipiak, A.; Krzysztoszek, J.; Krupa, B.; Staszewski, R. Reproductive health literacy and fertility awareness among Polish female students. Front. Public Health 2020, 8, 499. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Wei, C.N.; Harada, K.; Ueda, K.; Fukumoto, K.; Minamoto, K.; Ueda, A. Assessment of health-promoting lifestyle profile in Japanese university students. Environ. Health. Prev. Med. 2012, 17, 222-227. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- La Torre, G.; Kirch, W.; Bes-Rastrollo, M.; Ramos, R.M.; Czaplicki, M.; Gualano, M.R.; Thümmler, K.; Ricciardi, W.; Boccia, A. Tobacco use among medical students in Europe: Results of a multicentre study using the Global Health Professions Student Survey. Public Health 2012, 126, 159-164. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Fernández, D.; Ordás, B.; Álvarez, M.J.; Ordóñez, C. Knowledge, attitudes and tobacco use among nursing and physiotherapy students. Int. Nurs. Rev. 2015, 62, 303-311. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Htay, S.S.; Oo, M.; Yoshida, Y.; Harun-Or-Rashid, M.; Sakamoto, J. Risk behaviours and associated factors among medical students and community youths in Myanmar. Nagoya J. Med. Sci. 2010, 72, 71-81. [PubMed]
- Sánchez-Ojeda, M.A.; Roldán, C.; Melguizo-Rodríguez, L.; de Luna-Bertos, E. Analysis of the lifestyle of Spanish undergraduate nursing students and comparison with students of other degrees. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 5765. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Voltmer, E.; Rosta, J.; Aasland, O.G.; Spahn, C. Study-related health and behavior patterns of medical students: A longitudinal study. Med. Teach. 2010, 32, e422-e428. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Heidke, P.; Madsen, W.L.; Langham, E.M. Registered nurses as role models for healthy lifestyles. Aust. J. Adv. Nurs. 2020, 37, 11-18. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kelly, M.; Wills, J.; Jester, R.; Speller, V. Should nurses be role models for healthy lifestyles? Results from a modified Delphi study. J. Adv. Nurs. 2017, 73, 665-678. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Wilf-Miron, R.; Kagan, I.; Saban, M. Health behaviors of medical students decline towards residency: How could we maintain and enhance these behaviors throughout their training. Isr. J. Health Policy Res. 2021, 10, 13. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Mahler, L.; Sebo, P.; Favrod-Coune, T.; Moussa, A.; Cohidon, C.; Broers, B. The prevalence of five lifestyle risk factors in primary care physicians: A cross-sectional study in Switzerland. Prev. Med. Rep. 2022, 26, 101740. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Lewtak, K. Zachowania zdrowotne lekarzy rodzinnych w relacji do samooceny ich zdrowia. Zdr. Publ. 2008, 118, 8-14.
- Oberg, E.B.; Frank, E. Physicians' health practices strongly influence patient health practices. J. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb. 2009, 39, 290-291. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Lobelo, F.; Duperly, J.; Frank, E. Physical activity habits of doctors and medical students influence their counselling practices. Br. J. Sports Med. 2009, 43, 89-92. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Dresner, Y.; Frank, E.; Shani, M.; Vinker, S. Physicians' personal health practices and their effect on their patients' health practices. Med. Sci. Plus 2019, 13, 4-7. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Hash, R.B.; Munna, R.K.; Vogel, R.L.; Bason, J.J. Does physician weight affect perception of health advice? Prev. Med. 2003, 36, 41-44. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Puhl, R.M.; Gold, J.A.; Luedicke, J.; DePierre, J.A. The effect of physicians' body weight on patient attitudes: Implications for physician selection, trust and adherence to medical advice. Int. J. Obes. 2013, 37, 1415-1421. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Juczyński, Z. Narzędzia Pomiaru w Promocji i Psychologii Zdrowia; Pracownia Testów Psychologicznych: Warsaw, Poland, 2009.
- Nutbeam, D. Health literacy as a public health goal: A challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century. Health Promot. Int. 2000, 15, 259-267. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- RStudio Team. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio; PBC: Boston, MA, USA, 2022. Available online: http://www.rstudio. com/ (accessed on 30 August 2022).
- Ponczek, D.; Olszowy, I. Ocena stylużycia młodzieży iświadomości jego wpływna zdrowie. Evaluation of teenagers' lifestyle and the awareness of its impact on health. Hygeia Public Health 2012, 47, 174-182.
- Jodkowska, M.; Oblacinska, A.; Oblacinska, A.; Tabak, I.; Tabak, I. How well do Polish teenagers meet health behaviour guidelines? Przegląd Epidemiol. 2014, 68, 65-70.
- Lawrence, E.M.; Mollborn, S.; Hummer, R.A. Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: Implications for health. Soc. Sci. Med. 2017, 193, 23-32. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Burdette, A.M.; Needham, B.L.; Taylor, M.G.; Hill, T.D. Health lifestyles in adolescence and self-rated health into adulthood. J. Health Soc. Behav. 2017, 58, 520-536. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Mize, T.D. Profiles in health: Multiple roles and health lifestyles in early adulthood. Soc. Sci. Med. 2017, 178, 196-205. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Ślusarska, B.; Kulik, T.; Piasecka, H.; Pacian, A. Knowledge of cardiovascular risk factors and health promoting behaviours among students of medicine. Med. Og. Nauk. Zdr. 2012, 18, 19-26.
- Rogowska, A.M.; Kuśnierz, C.; Pavlova, I. Healthy behavior of physical education university students. Health Probl. Civiliz. 2020, 14, 247-255. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Weber-Rajek, M.; Radzimińska, A.; Kalisz, Z.; Hoffmann, M.; Juraszek, K.; Goch, A.; Zukow, W. Zachowania zdrowotne studentów Dietetyki. J. Educ. Health Sport 2016, 6, 469-477. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Walentukiewicz, A.; Łysak, A.; Wilk, B. Zachowania zdrowotne studentek pielęgniarstwa. Prob. Pielęg. 2013, 21, 484-488.
- Mandziuk, M. Zachowania zdrowotne studentek pielęgniarstwa w Polsce i na Łotwie. Rozpr. Społeczne 2017, 11, 50-55. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Radosz, Z.; Paplaczyk, M.; Gruszczyńska, M.; Tomaszewska-Kumela, P. Zachowania zdrowotne studentów kierunków medy- cznych. Rozpr. Społeczne 2020, 14, 151-164. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Rogowska, A.M. Health behavior patterns among physical education students. J. Phys. Educ. Health. 2020, 9, 5-11. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kulik, A.; Grądziel, J.; Smotrycka, A. Zachowania zdrowotne studentek-Charakterystyka i znaczenie zmiennych socjode- mograficznych. Probl. Hig. Epidemiol. 2017, 98, 371-380.
- Janik-Koncewicz, K.; Parascandola, M.; Bachand, J.; Zatoński, M.; Przewoźniak, K.; Zatoński, W. E-cigarette use among Polish students: Findings from the 2016 Poland Global Youth Tobacco Survey. J. Health Inequal. 2020, 6, 95-103. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Pająk, M.; Mazur, R.; Masternak, S.; Skórzyńska-Dziduszko, K. Popularity of marijuana among Polish students. J. Educ. Health Sport 2017, 7, 167-177. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Stelzer, J.; Ernest, J.M.; Fenster, M.J.; Langford, G. Attitudes toward Physical Education: A Study of High School Students from Four Countries-Austria, Czech Republic, England, and USA. Coll. Stud. J. 2004, 38, 171-179.
- Sepulveda, A.R.; Carrobles, J.A.; Gandarillas, A.M. Gender, school and academic year differences among Spanish university students at high-risk for developing an eating disorder: An epidemiologic study. BMC Public Health 2008, 8, 102. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Voigt, K.; Twork, S.; Mittag, D.; Göbel, A.; Voigt, R.; Klewer, J.; Kugler, J.; Bornstein, S.R.; Bergmann, A. Consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and illegal substances among physicians and medical students in Brandenburg and Saxony (Germany). BMC Health Serv. Res. 2009, 9, 219. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Kurpas, D.; Mroczek, B.; Bielska, D.; Wojtal, M.; Seń, M.; Steciwko, A. Spożycie alkoholu i palenie tytoniu wśród studentów wyższych uczelni medycznych. Przegl. Lek. 2012, 69, 893-895. [PubMed]
- Roncero, C.; Rodríguez-Cintas, L.; Egido, A.; Barral, C.; Pérez-Pazos, J.; Collazos, F.; Grau-López, L.; Casas, M. The influence of medical student gender and drug use on the detection of addiction in patients. J. Addict. Dis. 2014, 33, 277-288. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Acs, P.; Bergier, J.; Salonna, F.; Junger, J.; Melczer, C.; Makai, A. Gender differences in physical activity among secondary school students in the Visegrad countries (V4). Health Probl. Civiliz. 2016, 10, 21-29. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Lane, A.; McGrath, J.; Cleary, E. Worried, weary and worn out: Mixed-method study of stress and well-being in final-year medical students. BMJ Open 2020, 10, e040245. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Gupta, G.; Schleinitz, M.D.; Reinert, S.E.; McGarry, K.A. Resident physician preventive health behaviors and perspectives on primary care. R. I. Med. J. 2013, 96, 43-47.
- Sebo, P.; Bouvier Gallacchi, M.; Goehring, C.; Künzi, B.; Bovier, P.A. Use of tobacco and alcohol by Swiss primary care physicians: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2007, 7, 5. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Frank, E.; Segura, C. Health practices of Canadian physicians. Can. Fam. Physician 2009, 55, 810-811.
- Bazargan, M.; Makar, M.; Bazargan-Hejazi, S.; Ani, C.; Wolf, K.E. Preventive, lifestyle, and personal health behaviors among physicians. Acad. Psychiatry 2009, 33, 289-295. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Frank, E.; Segura, C.; Shen, H.; Oberg, E. Predictors of Canadian physicians' prevention counseling practices. Can. J. Public Health 2010, 101, 390-395. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Wada, K.; Yoshikawa, T.; Goto, T.; Hiari, A.; Matsushima, E.; Nakashima, Y.; Akaho, R.; Kido, M.; Hosaka, T. Lifestyle habits among physicians working at hospitals in Japan. J. Maj. 2011, 54, 318-324.
- Tyzuk, K. Physician health: A review of lifestyle behaviors and preventive health care among physicians. BC Med. J. 2012, 54, 419-423.
- Morishita, Y.; Numata, A.; Miki, A.; Okada, M.; Ishibashi, K.; Takemoto, F.; Ando, Y.; Muto, S.; Nagata, D.; Kusano, E. Primary care physicians' own exercise habits influence exercise counseling for patients with chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study. BMC Nephrol. 2014, 15, 48. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Cymerys, M.; Andrzejewska, M.; Nowicki, M.; Kałos, U.; Klimczak, M. Nawykiżywieniowe lekarzy oraz osób z wyższym wykształceniem niemedycznym-Analiza porównawcza. Endokrynol Otyłość 2009, 5, 141-142.
- Niedźwiedzka, M.; Grzybowski, A. Sposóbżywienia wybranej grupy lekarzy. Probl. Hig. Epidemiol. 2011, 92, 944-947.
- Purandare, B.; Eder, P.; Lewicka-Rabska, A.; Pawlaczyk, M. Alcohol consumption among medical interns in Poland. Alcohol. Drug Addict. 2017, 30, 1-12. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Gieniusz-Wojczyk, L.; Dąbek, J.; Kulik, H. Risky behaviour among nurses in Poland: An analysis of nurses' physical condition, mental health, and resilience. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 1807. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Eurostat. Healthcare Expenditure Statistics. Available online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php? title=Healthcare_expenditure_statistics (accessed on 28 August 2022).
- Brehm, B.J.; Summer, S.S.; Khoury, J.C.; Filak, A.T.; Lieberman, M.A.; Heubi, J.E. Health status and lifestyle habits of US medical students: A longitudinal study. Ann. Med. Health Sci. Res. 2016, 6, 341-347. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Coleman, C.A.; Fromer, A. A health literacy training intervention for physicians and other health professionals. Fam. Med. 2015, 47, 388-392. [PubMed]
- Mackert, M.; Ball, J.; Lopez, N. Health literacy awareness training for healthcare workers: Improving knowledge and intentions to use clear communication techniques. Patient Educ. Couns. 2011, 85, e225-e228. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Verified by:
- No verification
seen 76 times