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c-Myc inhibition and p21 modulation contribute to unsymmetrical bisacridines-induced apoptosis and senescence in pancreatic cancer cells
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. PC is characterized by rapid progression and resistance to conventional treatments. Mutations in KRAS, CDKN2A, TP53, SMAD4/DPC4, and MYC are major genetic alterations associated with poor treatment outcomes in patients with PC. Therefore, optimizing PC therapy is a tremendous challenge. Unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs), synthesized by our group, are new promising compounds that have exhibited high cytotoxicity and antitumor activity against several solid tumors, including pancreatic cancer. Methods The cellular effects induced by UAs in PC cells were evaluated by MTT assay (cell growth inhibition), flow cytometry, and fluorescence and light microscopy (cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and senescence detection). Analysis of the effects of UAs on the levels of proteins (c-Myc, p53, SMAD4, p21, and p16) was performed by Western blotting. Results Apoptosis was the main triggered mechanism of death after UAs treatment, and induction of the SMAD4 protein can facilitate this process. c-Myc, which is one of the molecular targets of UAs, can participate in the induction of cell death in a p53-independent manner. Moreover, UAs can also induce accelerated senescence through the upregulation of p21. Notably, senescent cells can die via apoptosis after prolonged exposure to UAs. Conclusions UAs have emerged as potent anticancer agents that induce apoptosis by inhibiting c-Myc protein and triggering cellular senescence in a dose-dependent manner by increasing p21 levels. Thus, UAs exhibit desirable features as promising candidates for future pancreatic anticancer therapies.
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Authors (5)
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Miroslawa Cichorek
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- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach dostępnych w wersji elektronicznej [także online]
- Published in:
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Pharmacological Reports
ISSN: 1734-1140 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2024
- Bibliographic description:
- Kurdyn A., Pawłowska M., Paluszkiewicz E., Cichorek M., Augustin E., c-Myc inhibition and p21 modulation contribute to unsymmetrical bisacridines-induced apoptosis and senescence in pancreatic cancer cells, Pharmacological Reports, 2024,10.1007/s43440-024-00658-6
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1007/s43440-024-00658-6
- Sources of funding:
-
- Free publication
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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