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Distinction of clenbuterol intake from drug or contaminated food of animal origin in a controlled administration trial – the potential of enantiomeric separation for doping control analysis
Abstract
The differentiation of clenbuterol abuse and unintentional ingestion by contaminated meat is crucial with respect to the valuation of an adverse analytical finding in human sports doping control. The proportion of the two enantiomers of clenbuterol may serve as potential discriminating parameter. For the determination of the individual enantiomers, specific methods were developed and validated for the different matrices under investigation based on chiral chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Data from the administration of clenbuterol from a pharmaceutical preparation and from cattle meat and liver containing residues to humans are presented. A shift in the proportion of the enantiomers in cattle meat is detected and this signature is also found in human urine after ingestion. Thus, an altered enantiomeric composition of clenbuterol may be used to substantiate athletes’ claims following adverse analytical findings in doping control. However, in meat, the enantiomeric composition was found to be highly variable. Species as well as tissue dependent variances need to be considered in interpreting enantiomer discrimination. Post administration urine from a controlled experiment comparing the administration of racemic clenbuterol from a registered pharmaceutical preparation and the administration of residue containing meat and liver from treated animals (nonracemic mixture) is reported. Furthermore doping control samples from Mexican U17 World Championship 2011 of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), with adverse analytical findings for clenbuterol, were reanalysed
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Authors (9)
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Maria K. Parr
- Freie Universitat Berlin
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Marco Blokland
- RIKILT Wageningen UR
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Franz Liebetrau
- RIKILT Wageningen UR
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Alexander Schmidt
- Freie Universitat Berlin
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Thijs Meijer
- Freie Universitat Berlin
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Mijo Stanic
- Chromicent GmbH
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Dorota Kwiatkowska dr inż.
- Institute of Sopot National Research Institute
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Saskia Sterk
- RIKILT Wageningen UR
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Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
- Published in:
-
Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure& Risk Assessment
no. 34,
edition 4,
pages 525 - 535,
ISSN: 1944-0049 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Bibliographic description:
- Parr M., Blokland M., Liebetrau F., Schmidt A., Meijer T., Stanic M., Kwiatkowska D., Waraksa E., Sterk S.: Distinction of clenbuterol intake from drug or contaminated food of animal origin in a controlled administration trial – the potential of enantiomeric separation for doping control analysis// Food Additives and Contaminants Part A-Chemistry Analysis Control Exposure& Risk Assessment. -Vol. 34, iss. 4 (2017), s.525-535
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1080/19440049.2016.1242169
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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