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Abstract
River outlets located in tideless areas are analyzed in this paper. First, ice processes in the St Clair River mouth are presented. The river mouth, called St. Clair Flats is a typical river delta located on the shore of Lake St. Clair. Based on this example ice jam formation in river delta has been analyzed followed by a presentation of the main mechanism of ice jam formation. The Vistula River mouth is a man-made, artificial channel which was built in the 19th century in order to prevent the formation of ice jams in the natural river delta. The Vistula River releases large amounts of fresh water into the Baltic Sea which freezes in the winter season during which northerly winds prevail causing the drifting ice to move southwards and accumulate to form ice jams in the river mouth. For this reason ice breaking operations are performed. Since the artificial river outlet was constructed, no severe ice related flood risk situations have ever occurred. However, periodic ice-related phenomena still have an impact on the river operation. This paper presents the application of the calibrated mathematical model DynaRICE to perform a 'series of simulation in the Vistula River mouth for winter storm condition to determine the effects of ice on the water level in the Vistula River and ice jam potential of the river outlet.
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- Category:
- Conference activity
- Type:
- materiały konferencyjne indeksowane w Web of Science
- Title of issue:
- ICE RESEARCH FOR A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT, VOLS I & II strony 96 - 104
- Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Bibliographic description:
- Kolerski T..: Ice Phenomena in River Mouths, W: ICE RESEARCH FOR A SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT, VOLS I & II, 2012, ,.
- Bibliography: test
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- Derecki, J. A., and Quinn, F. H., 1986. Record St. Clair River ice jam of 1984. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 112, 1182-1194. open in new tab
- Kolerski, T., and Shen, H. T., 2010. St. Clair River ice jam dynamics and possible effect on bed changes. Proceedings of the 20 th IAHR Symposium on Ice, Lahti, Finland. open in new tab
- Kossak, J. M., 1840. Hydrographic map of the Gdańsk area (Hydrographische Karte von der ortlishen Lage des Weichselstormes nebst Environs bei Danzig). State Archives in Gdańsk, Poland. (in German)
- Majewski, W., Jasińska, E., Kapiński, J., Ostrowski, R., Robakiewicz, M., Szmytkiewicz, M., Walter, A., Gąsiorowski, D., Kolerski, T., Skaja, M., Dzięgielewski, A., Perfumowicz, T., Piotrowska, D., Massalski, W., and Mioduszewski, K., 2003. The study on improving Vistula mouth conveyance (Ekspertyza dotycząca poprawy drożności ujścia rzeki Wisły). Institute of Hydroengineering, Gdańsk, Poland. (in Polish)
- USACE, 1984. April 1984 ice jam report; open in new tab
- St Clair River. Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Detroit District, Great Lake Hydraulic and Hydraulic Branch, Detroit, MI, USA. open in new tab
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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