Microwave-Induced Processing of Free-Standing 3D Printouts: An Effortless Route to High-Redox Kinetics in Electroanalysis

Kornelia Kozłowska; Mateusz Cieślik; Adrian Koterwa; Krzysztof Formela; Jacek Ryl; Paweł Niedziałkowski

doi:10.3390/ma17122833

Microwave-Induced Processing of Free-Standing 3D Printouts: An Effortless Route to High-Redox Kinetics in Electroanalysis

Abstract

3D-printable composites have become an attractive option used for the design and manufacture of electrochemical sensors. However, to ensure proper charge-transfer kinetics at the electrode/electrolyte interface, activation is often required, with this step consisting of polymer removal to reveal the conductive nanofiller. In this work, we present a novel effective method for the activation of composites consisting of poly(lactic acid) filled with carbon black (CB-PLA) using microwave radiation. A microwave synthesizer used in chemical laboratories (CEM, Matthews, NC, USA) was used for this purpose, establishing that the appropriate activation time for CB-PLA electrodes is 15 min at 70 °C with a microwave power of 100 W. However, the usefulness of an 80 W kitchen microwave oven is also presented for the first time and discussed as a more sustainable approach to CB-PLA electrode activation. It has been established that 10 min in a kitchen microwave oven is adequate to activate the electrode. The electrochemical properties of the microwave-activated electrodes were determined by electrochemical techniques, and their topography was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and contact-angle measurements. This study confirms that during microwave activation, PLAs decompose to uncover the conductive carbon-black filler. We deliver a proof-of-concept of the utility of kitchen microwave-oven activation of a 3D-printed, free-standing electrochemical cell (FSEC) in paracetamol electroanalysis in aqueous electrolyte solution. We established satisfactory limits of linearity for paracetamol detection using voltammetry, ranging from 1.9 μM to 1 mM, with a detection limit (LOD) of 1.31 μM.

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Authors (6)

Kornelia Kozłowska
- Uniwersytet Gdański
Mateusz Cieślik dr inż.
Adrian Koterwa
- Uniwersytet Gdański
Krzysztof Formela dr inż.
Jacek Ryl dr hab. inż.
Paweł Niedziałkowski Dr
- Uniwersytet Gdański

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Category:

Articles

Type:

artykuły w czasopismach

Published in:

Materials no. 17,
ISSN: 1996-1944

Language:

English

Publication year:

2024

Bibliographic description:

Kozłowska K., Cieślik M., Koterwa A., Formela K., Ryl J., Niedziałkowski P.: Microwave-Induced Processing of Free-Standing 3D Printouts: An Effortless Route to High-Redox Kinetics in Electroanalysis// Materials -,iss. 17/12 (2024), s.2833-

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