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Recent progress in ultra-low formaldehyde emitting adhesive systems and formaldehyde scavengers in wood-based panels: a review
Abstract
Traditional wood-based panels are produced with synthetic, formaldehyde-based adhesives, commonly made from fossil-derived constituents, such as urea, phenol, melamine, etc. Along with their numerous advantages, such as chemical versatility, high reactivity and excellent adhesive performance, these adhesives are characterized by certain problems, connected with the hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mostly free formaldehyde in the adhesives and the formaldehyde emission from the finished wood composites, which is carcinogenic to humans and harmful to the environment. The growing environmental concerns and stringent legislative requirements to the formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels have posed new challenges to researchers and industrial practice, related to the development of sustainable, eco-friendly wood-based panels with close-to-zero formaldehyde emission. The most common methods to reduce the formaldehyde emission from wood-based panels have been to decrease the free formaldehyde in the adhesive by modifying the adhesive (like lowering the molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea in UF resin) or by using formaldehyde scavengers, one group of scavengers being for adhesives by mixing or reacting and the second one scavengers for wood-based panels as post-treatments. Another way is to use alternative bio-based adhesives, however, there are still substantial challenges for the complete replacement of formaldehyde-based adhesives with bio-based adhesives, mainly because of their relatively low bonding strength, poor water resistance, etc. This article presents a review and analysis of the current state of research in the field of low formaldehyde emission wood adhesives and formaldehyde scavengers for manufacturing low-toxic, eco-friendly wood composites.
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Authors (12)
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Lubos Kristak
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen
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Petar Antov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry
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Pavlo Bekhta
- Department of Wood-Based Composites, Cellulose and Paper, Ukrainian National Forestry University
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Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis
- Research Center for Biomaterials, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong, Indonesia
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Apri Heri Iswanto
- Department of Forest Product, Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara
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Roman Reh
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen
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Jan Sedliacik
- Faculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen
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Viktor Savov
- Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry
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Hamid R. Taghiyari
- Wood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Materials Engineering & New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
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Antonios N. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, International Hellenic University
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Antonio Pizzi
- LERMAB-ENSTIB, University of Lorraine
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Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuły w czasopismach
- Published in:
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Wood Material Science & Engineering
no. 18,
pages 763 - 782,
ISSN: 1748-0272 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2023
- Bibliographic description:
- Kristak L., Antov P., Bekhta P., Lubis M. A. R., Iswanto A. H., Reh R., Sedliacik J., Savov V., Taghiyari H. R., Papadopoulos A. N., Pizzi A., Hejna A.: Recent progress in ultra-low formaldehyde emitting adhesive systems and formaldehyde scavengers in wood-based panels: a review// Wood Material Science & Engineering -Vol. 18,iss. 2 (2023), s.763-782
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.1080/17480272.2022.2056080
- Sources of funding:
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- Free publication
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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