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Rural domestic wastewater treatment in Norway and Poland: experiences, cooperation and concepts on the improvement of constructed wetland technology
Abstract
This article describes Norwegian and Polish experiences concerning domestic wastewatertreatment obtained during nearly 20 years of operation for constructed wetland (CW) systemsin rural areas and scattered settlements. The Norwegian CW systems revealed a highperformance with respect to the removal of organic matter, biogenic elements and faecalindicator bacteria. The performance of the Polish CW systems was unstable, and varied betweenunsatisfied and satisfied treatment efficiency provided by horizontal and vertical flow CWs,respectively. Therefore, three different concepts related to the improvement of CW technologyhave been developed and implemented in Poland. These concepts combined some innovativesolutions originally designed in Norway (e.g. an additional treatment step in biofilters) with Polishinspiration for new CWs treating rural domestic wastewater. The implementation of full-scalesystems will be evaluated with regard to treatment efficiency and innovative technology; based onthis, a further selection of the most favourable CW for rural areas and scattered settlements willbe performed.
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Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
- Published in:
-
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
no. 63,
pages 776 - 781,
ISSN: 0273-1223 - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Bibliographic description:
- Paruch A., Meachlum T., Obarska-Pempkowiak H., Gajewska M., Wojciechowska E., Ostojski A.: Rural domestic wastewater treatment in Norway and Poland: experiences, cooperation and concepts on the improvement of constructed wetland technology// WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. -Vol. 63, nr. iss. 4 (2011), s.776-781
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.2166/wst.2011.308
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
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