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Search results for: GREEN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (GAC)
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Direct Analysis of Samples of Various Origin and Composition Using Specific Types of Mass Spectrometry
PublicationOne of the major sources of error that occur during chemical analysis utilizing the more conventional and established analytical techniques is the possibility of losing part of the analytes during the sample preparation stage. Unfortunately, this sample preparation stage is required to improve analytical sensitivity and precision. Direct techniques have helped to shorten or even bypass the sample preparation stage; and in this...
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Problems and challenges associated with estimating the emissions of organic compounds from indoor materials
PublicationFor several years intensive research has been carried out with the aim of developing a database of the types and amounts of pollutants released from indoor materials to the indoor environment. The paper discusses in detail basic problems and challenges encountered when estimating the emissions of chemical compounds released from of indoor materials. Factors affecting the validity of data obtained by using two different types of...
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Birds' feathers – Suitable samples for determination of environmental pollutants
PublicationThe intensive development of industry and human population results in large amounts of different xenobiotic emitted into individual ecosystem components. As a consequence, monitoring of the level of pollution of particular elements of the environment by exotoxins has become a common interest. The determination of environmental changes by different types of biological indicators is called bioindication, which is used as one of the...
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Recent trends in determination of neurotoxins in aquatic environmental samples
PublicationAnatoxins, saxitoxins, ciguatoxins, beta-N-methylamino-l-alanine and its isomers are groups of neurotoxins which have a highly specific effect on the nervous system of animals, including humans, by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses. In order to assess the human exposure to these neurotoxins, selective, interlaboratory-validated analytical methods are being developed to facilitate obtaining reliable results on...
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Solid Phase Microextraction: Apparatus, Sorbent Materials, and Application.
Publicationhe primary objective of this review article is to strategically screen and highlight the advancements in the area of solid phase microextraction (SPME). The plenty of review articles have been written on different aspects of SPME, this review is dedicated to provide the brief but clear overview of the research footprints so produced from SPME. Some of the key advancements in types and designs, coating materials, coating strategies,...
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State of the art in sample preparation for human breast milk metabolomics—merits and limitations
PublicationHuman breast milk (HBM) contains metabolites that are diverse in chemical structure and concentration. These metabolites range from high-abundance to low-abundance compounds and from polar to nonpolar. This complex nature of HBM makes HBM samples difficult to analyze, especially in global metabolomic studies for the determination and characterization of complete sets of metabolites. In this review, the state of the art in sample...
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Current trends in analytical strategies for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 2: New approaches to PBDEs determination
PublicationHerein, we review the latest technical solutions for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) determination in samples with different matrix compositions, largely focusing on gas chromatography but also presenting some liquid chromatography–based solutions. Moreover, we discuss the use of diverse sample injection techniques while considering the advantages and disadvantages of each injection system in the context of PBDEs analysis....
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Preconcentration and Analytical Methods for Determination of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether and Other Fuel Oxygenates and Their Degradation Products in Environment: A Review
PublicationFuel oxygenates (FOs) are mainly ethers or alcohols which are added to gasoline either to boost the octane number or to make the fuel burning process more "cleaner" with increasing the oxygen content, or to obtain a combination of both effects. FOs are water soluble with high mobility in the environment which presence even at very low concentrations lower the quality of water making it unsafe or unpleasant due to their objectionable...
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Miniaturized Passive Emission Chambers for In Situ Measurement of Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds
PublicationThe results of many different studies have demonstrated unequivocally that the quality of indoor air is often much worse than that of atmospheric air. The presence of dangerous chemical compounds in indoor air can have an adverse impact on human health and cause numerous diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems. Such harmful chemicals get into indoor air as a result of their emission from building and indoor materials....
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LC-MS and LC-NMR as Complementary Techniques for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals in Dosage Formulations
PublicationPharmaceuticals contain not only pharmacologically active compounds but also a range of excipients. The danger exists that impurities may also be present in such drugs, which may adversely affect their efficacy and even endanger patient health and life. Monitoring the composition of pharmaceutical products is therefore essential. The trace amounts of such impurities in pharmaceuticals are often identified and determined with liquid...
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Human hair as a biomarker of human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
PublicationThe main aim of this article is to investigate the possibility of using human hair as a biomarker with particular emphasis on persistent organic pollutants (POPs). We report previous results of studies of this topic. We critically review the available information on analytical procedures applied during analysis of human hair. Finally, we discuss future trends and possibilities arising from hair analysis.
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Developments in ultrasound-assisted microextraction techniques for isolation and preconcentration of organic analytes from aqueous samples
PublicationThe great potential of ultrasonic assistance in sample preparation, especially extraction, is being recognized. In this review, we discuss the applications of ultrasonic radiation in assisting microextraction. Topics covered include ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction, ultrasound-assisted-emulsification-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and ultrasound-assisted hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction with...
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Analytical and bioanalytical problems associated with the toxicity of elemental sulfur in the environment
PublicationWe summarize the state of knowledge on the toxicity and the bioavailability of elemental sulfur. We also present: analytical methods used to determine the elemental sulfur content of samples with complex matrices; and, problems and difficulties encountered while using biotests for samples containing elemental sulfur.
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Analytical studies on the environmental state of the Svalbard archipelago - critical source of information about anthropogenic global impact
PublicationThe Svalbard archipelago differs from other polar regions due to its specific environmental conditions and geographic location which make the area gather pollution from long-range transport. Due to the recent development in analytical techniques it is possible to determine the concentration of pollutants at the level present there. This paper collates and discusses the information from the literature about: pollutants present in...
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The Use of Vegetables in the Biomonitoring of Cadmium and Lead Pollution in the Environment
PublicationLead and cadmium emitted from various anthropogenic sources have the ability to accumulate in tissues of living organisms. The phenomenon of accumulation of metals in the body is harmful and undesirable. On the other hand, the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals from the individual elements of the environment has been used in biomonitoring of pollution. Leaf and root of vegetables have particular predisposition for accumulating...
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Detection, identification and determination of chiral pharmaceutical residues in wastewater: Problems and challenges
PublicationChiral pharmaceuticals (CPs) are widely used in different areas of human life, thus they are frequentlydetected in different ecosystems. However, before CPs reach the environment, wastewater is subjected todifferent treatment processes in order to remove them. Nevertheless, such processes may affect thechirality of CPs, thus it is very important to monitor CP levels during the wastewater treatment.This review addresses the present...
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Ionic liquids in the microextraction techniques: the influence of ILs structure and properties
PublicationIonic liquids (ILs) are composed entirely of ions thus they possess unique properties, including negligible volatility, a liquid state in a broad range of temperatures and ability to change them depending on the chosen type of anion and cation, which make ILs unique and useful for many applications in sample preparation techniques. A deeper understanding of the nature of ILs and the impact of their structure on their parameters...
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Determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics: current status and future trends
PublicationThe use of aminoglycoside antibiotics is prevalent in medicine and agriculture. Their overuse increases their mobility in the environment, resulting in a need for reliable methods for their determination in a variety of matrices. However, the properties of aminoglycosides, in particular their high polarity, make the development of such methods a non-trivial task, inciting researchers to tackle this complex issue from different...
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Analytical progress on emerging pollutants in the environment: An overview of the topics
PublicationThis overview discusses the ideas behind a collection of articles by invited authors on a diverse range of complex chemical mixtures and analytical methods which represent some of the most relevant and interesting issues on emerging contaminants of environmental health concerns. These chemicals, including those in high volume production, are released on an ongoing basis as a result of various human activities. Moreover, these emerging contaminants...
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Molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of volatile biomarkers
PublicationIn the field of cancer detection, the development of affordable, quick, and user-friendly sensors capable of detecting various cancer biomarkers, including those for lung cancer (LC), holds utmost significance. Sensors are expected to play a crucial role in the early-stage diagnosis of various diseases. Among the range of options, sensors emerge as particularly appealing for the diagnosis of various diseases, owing to their cost-effectiveness,...
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Molecularly imprinted polymers based on deep eutectic solvents as a greenest materials for selective extraction of emerging contaminants from complex samples
PublicationSome of the reagents applied in the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) may impact on health and the environment. Thus, a new generation of promising green chemicals are nowadays introduced and investigated, including deep eutectic solvents (DESs). DESs seems to be a reasonable choice as they are characterized as non-toxic, low cost, easy to prepare and biodegradable chemicals. This review presents the information...
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Natural/bio-based sorbents as greener extractive materials for endocrine disrupting compounds in samples of different matrix composition
PublicationEndocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are a group of chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system, leading to adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increasing concerns over the EDCs presence in various environmental compartments has driven the search for greener extraction materials. Recently, the use of polymers of natural origin (biopolymers) has been demonstrated to be an effective and promising research...
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Microextraction by packed sorbent: Uncommon detection techniques, sorbents, samples and analytes
PublicationAmong sample preparation approaches, the most desirable are procedures that ensure high efficiency and reproducibility, that are cheap, fast and simple, that minimize the number of operational steps and that require a small amount of sample and solvent and are thus environmentally friendly. Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) is a miniaturized form of solid-phase extraction, the use of which has been continuously expanding...
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Novel materials and approaches for solid-phase (micro) extraction in LC-MS-based metabolomics
PublicationMetabolomics offers a unique approach to study biological systems. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry serves as a powerful analytical tool to analyze complex mixtures of metabolites. However, successful metabolomic analysis relies on sample preparation. While untargeted analysis traditionally favors nonselective procedures like liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), these methods can compromise analytical performance due...
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Lab-in-syringe as a practical technique for automatic microextraction: Evaluation by Blue Applicability Grade Index
PublicationLab-in-syringe (LIS) is a powerful automatic technique that is derived from sequential injection analysis. In LIS, a computer-controlled syringe pump is employed, and its syringe barrel serves as a mixing, reaction, and/or extraction chamber. Until now, the LIS concept has been efficiently employed for the automation of solid-phase microextraction and liquid-phase microextraction protocols as a front-end to a plethora of chromatographic...
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Passive sampling
PublicationPrzedstawiono możliwości wykorzystania technik pasywnych (opartych na swobodnym ruchu cząsteczek analitu do medium zatrzymującego) w analityce środowiskowej. Omówiono przykłady wykorzystania zarówno organizmów żywych (biomonitoring) jak i urządzeń pasywnych do pobierania próbek analitów z badanego medium (powietrze, woda, gleba).
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Alginate-based sorbents in miniaturized solid phase extraction techniques - Step towards greenness sample preparation
PublicationIn response to growing concerns about environmental degradation, one of the main areas of research activity in recent years has been to make sample preparation methods more sustainable and eco-friendly. The increasing greenness of this step can be achieved by minimizing the usage of reagents, automating individual stages, saving energy and time, and using non-toxic, biodegradable substances. Therefore, the use of natural materials...
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Trace analysis - challenges and problems
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono podstawowe problemy związane z oznaczaniem składników śladowych i ultraśladowych w próbkach o złożonym składzie matrycy. W oparciu o dane literaturowe omówiono sposoby zapobiegania błędom jakimi mogą być obarczone wyniki oznaczeń końcowych.
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Denudation - a convenient method of isolation and enrichment of analytes
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono: podstawy teoretyczne techniki denudacyjnej; rozwiązania konstrukcyjne podstawowych typów urządzeń denudacyjnych; obszar praktycznego wykorzystania technik denudacyjnych.
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Sample preparation and chromatographic analysis of acidic herbicides in soils and sediments
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono różne techniki przygotowania próbek i oznaczania herbicydów z grupy pochodnych fenoli i pochodnych kwasów karboksylowych w próbkach gleby. Opisano wybrane metody wzbogacania i izolacji analitów, m. in.: ekstrakcję za pomocą wodnych roztworów zasad i rozpuszczalników organicznych płynem w stanie nadkrytycznym, wodą w stanie podkrytycznym, cieczą pod zwiększonym ciśnieniem, cieczą wspomaganą mikrofalami. Niski...
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Modern techniques of extraction of organic analytes from environmental matrices.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono usystematyzowane informacje dotyczące dostępnych jak i nowych technik izolacji i wzbogacania analitów organicznych przed etapem oznaczeń końcowych.
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Preparation of gaseous standard mixtures: methods for controlling the amount of components generated in the process of thermal decomposition of immobilized compounds.
PublicationGazowe mieszaniny wzorcowe odgrywają ważną rolę w ocenie metod analitycznych i urządzeń pomiarowych. W tym przypadku gazowe mieszaniny wzorcowe mogą być traktowane jako specjalny rodzaj materiału odniesienia.Proces walidacji wymaga użycia tzw. matrycowych materiałów odniesienia. Wybór techniki umożliwiającej uzyskanie gazowej mieszaniny wzorcowej o żądanych parametrach użytkowych zależy od natury składników mierzonych i gazu...
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Fate and analysis of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment.
PublicationObecność pozostałości farmaceutyków w poszczególnych elementach środowiska stanowi nowe wyzwanie zarówno z punktu widzenia technologii oczyszczania wód i ścieków, jak i dla analityków, których zadaniem jest opracowanie nowych metodyk analitycznych. Wiele stosowanych leków nie jest w organizmie całkowicie rozkładanych. Często są one wydalane po nieznacznym przekształceniu,lub nawet w niezmienionej postaci. Opisano drogi...
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Analytical procedures for PAH and PCB determination in water samples - error sources
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono poszczególne etapy procedury analitycznej wykorzystywanej do oznaczania analitów z grupy WWA i PCB w próbkach wody. Pokazano jakie problemy występują podczas oznaczania wyżej wymienionych analitów i jaki mogą mieć wpływ na końcowy wynik analizy.
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Investigation of stability of aqueous solutions containing trace amounts of volatile organic analytes
PublicationOznaczając lotne związki chlorowcoorganiczne w matrycy wodnej należy uwzględnić specyficzne właściwości, którymi charakteryzują się te związki, a mianowicie:- niska temperatura wrzenia; - wysoka prężność pary nad roztworem; - stosunkowo niska rozpuszczalność w wodzie.Właściwości te należy uwzględnić w trakcie przygotowania wodnych roztworów wzorcowych wykorzystywanych na etapie kalibracji i badań modelowych. Ze względu na istotność...
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Static electric multipole susceptibilities of the relativistic hydrogenlike atom in the ground state: Application of the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function
PublicationThe ground state of the Dirac one-electron atom, placed in a weak, static electric field of definite $2^{L}$ polarity, is studied within the framework of the first-order perturbation theory. The Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function [R. Szmytkowski, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30, 825 (1997); erratum R. Szmytkowski, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30, 2747 (1997)] is used to derive closed-form analytical...
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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for in situ determination of biogenic amines in meat: Estimation of meat's freshness
PublicationA dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique was developed for the determination of selected biogenic amines (BAs) in samples of poultry, pork and beef. Prior to the extraction process, an appropriate volume of sodium hydroxide solution was added to each of the portioned samples. Next, samples were homogenized, centrifuged and finally sonicated at an increased temperature....
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Hydrophobic (deep) eutectic solvents (HDESs) as extractants for removal of pollutants from water and wastewater – A review
PublicationDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new generation of solvents that attracted increasing attention in diverse applications. In last years, growing number of studies on hydrophobic (deep) eutectic solvents (HDESs) as an alternative extractants for various chemicals from aqueous environments have been reported. This article provides an overview on the usage of HDESs in liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) of different pollutants from water...
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Quality control of cheese samples for the presence of natamycin preservative – A natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based extraction coupled with HPLC
PublicationA new protocol for the determination of natamycin – an antifungal agent used as a food preservative - in cheese samples – is described. This new method is based on a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) green extraction procedure. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for detection and quantification. NADESs with different molar ratios were evaluated for efficient and selective extraction. NADES made of thymol...
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Static magnetic multipole susceptibilities of the relativistic hydrogenlike atom in the ground state: Application of the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function
PublicationWe study far- and near-field magnetic and electric multipole moments induced in the ground state of the Dirac one-electron atom placed in a weak 2L-pole magnetostatic field. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the first-order Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory, with the use of the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function [Szmytkowski, J. Phys. B 30, 825 (1997);J. Phys. B 30, 2747(E)...
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Procedure of determination of volatile trihalomethanes in human urine with pervaporation and gas chromatography
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Application of passive sampling technique in monitoring research on quality of atmospheric air in the area of Tczew, Poland.
PublicationThis paper presents the results of atmospheric air quality research in Tczew (adjacent to the Vistula River) on the content of BTEX compounds. Analytical procedure applied during the sampling of the analytes from the air used the passive sampling technique (diffusive passive sampler, Radiello®). For determination of BTEX compounds in atmospheric air, two-stage thermal desorption technique combined with gas chromatography (TD-GC-FID)...
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Separation of zinc from aqueous samples using a molecular imprinting technique
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Co-microprecipitation/flotation of trace amounts of cadmium from environmental samples through its complexation with iodide and neutralization with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide in the presence of perchlorate ions
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Procedure of determination of volatile trihalomethanes in human urine with perwaporation and gas chromatography
PublicationPraca przedstawia wyznaczanie podstawowych parametrów walidacyjnych nowej procedury oznaczania lotnych związków chlorowcoorganicznych z grupy trihalometanów w próbkach moczu ludzkiego, opartej na zastosowaniu:- techniki perwaporacji na etapie izolacji i wzbogacania analitów;- bezpośredniego dozowania próbek ekstraktów (permeatu) do kolumny chromatograficznej;- chromatograficznego rozdzielanie mieszaniny na poszczególne składniki;-wykorzystaniu...
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Carbon Based Electrode Materials and their Architectures for Capacitive Deionization
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Analytical methods and problems related to the determination of organotin compounds in marine sediments
PublicationProcedury analityczne oznaczania zwiazków cynoorganicznych w osadach morskich skladają się z wilu operacji i czynnosci (pobieranie próbek, wstępne przygotowanie, transport, oznaczenia końcowe). Zazwyczaj procedury te charakteryzują się dużą praco- i czasochłonnością. W pracy omówiono podstawowe źródła błędów zwiazane z w/wym etapami postepowania analitycznego oraz przedstawiono sposoby im zapobiegania.
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Insights into the microbial community of treated wastewater, its year-round variability and impact on the receiver, using cultivation, microscopy and amplicon-based methods
PublicationApart from chemical constituents, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents also release microorganisms that can be important to the receiving water bodies either from a sanitary point of view, or taking to the account the biogeochemical potential of the recipients. However, little is known about the treated wastewater microbial community, its composition, seasonal changes, functions and fate in the waters of the receiver. Thus,...
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Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Identification and Recognition of Natural Dyes, Uncommon Dyestuff Components, and Mordants: Case Study of a 16th Century Carpet with Chintamani Motifs
PublicationA multi-tool analytical practice was used for the characterisation of a 16th century carpet manufactured in Cairo. A mild extraction method with hydrofluoric acid has been evaluated in order to isolate intact flavonoids and their glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins, and indigoids from fibre samples. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to spectroscopic and mass spectrometric detectors was used for the identification of...
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Deep eutectic solvent-based shaking-assisted extraction for determination of bioactive compounds from Norway spruce roots
PublicationPolyphenolic compounds play an essential role in plant growth, reproduction, and defense mechanisms against pathogens and environmental stresses. Extracting these compounds is the initial step in assessing phytochemical changes, where the choice of extraction method significantly influences the extracted analytes. However, due to environmental factors, analyzing numerous samples is necessary for statistically significant results,...