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Fault Loop Impedance Measurement in Circuits Fed by UPS and Principle of Safety Protection
PublicationThis paper indicates a significant problem of uncertainty of fault loop impedance (FLI) measurement in circuits powered from uninterruptible power supply (UPS) (double-conversion AC-DC-AC). The correctly determined value of this impedance, related to the short-circuit current disconnection time and to the reference value, is one of the most important elements that determines the approval of an electrical installation and its receivers...
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Neural Modelling of Steam Turbine Control Stage
PublicationThe paper describes possibility of steam turbine control stage neural model creation. It is of great importance because wider application of green energy causes severe conditions for control of energy generation systems operation Results of chosen steam turbine of 200 MW power measurements are applied as an example showing way of neural model creation. They serve as training and testing data of such neural model. Relatively simple...
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Numerical Simulations of Hydrodynamic Open-Water Characteristics of a Ship Propeller
PublicationThe paper presents the results of numerical simulations of ship propeller operation bearing the name of Propeller Open Water (POW) Tests. The object of tests was a sample ship propeller (PPTC1), the geometrical and kinematic data of which are available, along with the results of model tests, on the official page of the research centre involved in the measurements. The research aimed at verifying the correctness of results of numerical...
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Stiffness assessment of the laminate recovered from end-of-life wind turbine blade
PublicationIn the paper the stiffness parameters of the laminate recovered from an aerodynamic shell of a decommissioned wind turbine blade are evaluated. The aim of the work is to assess selected methods for identifying material data, as well as to estimate the level of stiffness degradation during turbine operation. Several practical identification methods are presented and compared. Two concepts of a single laminate layer are considered,...
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Evaluation of a Small Inland Ferry’s Energy Requirements from the Acceleration Stage of Towing Tank Model Tests
PublicationComputing the power required to meet a ship’s operational needs is one of the most important tasks in naval design. The power required to propel a vessel is directly related to the resistance the hull experiences as it moves through the water. The conventional method of determining a ship’s resistance involves towing tank tests of ship models at a fixed speed; however, for short-range vessels, where constant speed is not the primary...
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Steady-State Vibration Level Measurement of the Five-Phase Induction Machine during Third Harmonic Injection or Open-Phase Faults
PublicationMultiphase electric machines are increasingly used in various industries and for electromobility. Complex systems have been developed for the control and powering of multiphase machines, which require verification. The quality of control and the power supply of electric machines is usually evaluated by analyzing various electrical parameters. On the other hand, taking into account the fact that a motor is an electrical-mechanical...
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Implementation of an Adaptive Method for Changing the Frequency Division of the Counter Clock Signal in a Frequency-to-Code Converter
PublicationProcessing physical quantities into an indirect signal is a standard method of transferring information about the measured quantity to the master system, which analyzes the data obtained from the acquisition system. The intermediate signal is very often the voltage, but another transmission medium can be the frequency of the output signal of the “physical quantity-to-frequency” converter. The article presents the implementation...
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Research on the effect of low-sulphur marine fuels on the dynamic characteristics of a CI engine
PublicationThe implementation of low-sulphur, so-called modified marine fuels into operation requires prior labora- tory engine tests to assess the energy, emission and structural effects of their usage. This type of research are carried out on the test bed of a diesel engine as a small-scale physical model that reproduces the adequate design and process (parametric) features of a full-size marine engine. Their key stage is to determine the energy...
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Self-organizing wireless monitoring system for cargo containers
PublicationThis paper presents a description of new global monitoring system for containers with its layer-modular structure, as a solution for enhance security and efficiency of container transport with particular emphasis on the practical implementation of that system for maritime container terminals. Especially the Smart Container Module (SCM) architecture and its operation as a part of the Self-Organizing ContainerMonitoring Network is...
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Simulation of Residence Time Distribution and Mixing in Reactors with Recirculation Using 2D Approach
PublicationIn this paper, we propose a 2D approach in order to create a mathematical model for the determination of the residence time distribution for a flow reactor with recirculation. Apart from characterizing the functional residence time distribution, this model can help improve the operation of the reactor at the design stage. The mathematical model was validated by comparison with experiments carried out in a hydraulic laboratory.
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Self-Organizing Wireless Monitoring System for Containers
PublicationThis paper presents a description of new global monitoring system for containers, with its layer-modular structure, as a solution for enhance security and efficiency of container transport with particular emphasis on the practical implementation of that system for maritime container terminals. Especially the Smart Container Module (SCM) architecture and its operation as a part of the Self-Organizing Container Monitoring Network...
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Proposition of the steam turbine governor structure modification
PublicationThere is considered the steam turbine governor operation during defense and restoration of the power system. It points out weaknesses of currently used governor structures. The new controller is proposed, that takes advantages of those curently used. The new controller allows for more effective control of the turbine in emergency situations, at frequencies much different from the nominal value.
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Coupled inductors based filter for matrix converters
PublicationThe use of the coupled inductors in the multipulse matrix converter (MC) systems is described in the paper. The possible arrangements of the system are given together with the description of their operation parameters. Moreover, the influence of the system’s topology on the output power quality is also presented. The invented converter structures evaluation results are given in the form of simulation tests acquired output waveforms...
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TEORIA DECYZYJNYCH PROCESÓW SEMI-MARKOWA I JEJ ZASTOSOWANIE W PROJEKTOWANIU I EKSPLOATACJI OKRĘTOWYCH SILNIKÓW GŁÓWNYCH I INNYCH URZĄDZEŃ SIŁOWNI OKRĘTOWYCH
PublicationW referacie zaprezentowano znaczenie teorii procesów semi-Markowa w naukach technicznych, zwłaszcza w teorii niezawodności urządzeń technicznych, teorii bezpieczeństwa ich działania oraz statystycznej teorii podejmowania decyzji eksploatacyjnych. W referacie wyeksponowano także przydatność teorii procesów semi-Markowa w teorii i praktyce eksploatacji wspomnianych urządzeń technicznych na przykładzie tak istotnych urządzeń w transporcie...
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Assessment of metal removal in a surface flow constructed wetland treating landfill leachate
PublicationThe study concerns heavy metal retention and transformation processes in a free water surface constructed wetland treating landfill leachate in a temperate climate. The total effectiveness of heavy metals removal in the analyzed CW was evaluated basing on heavy metals inflow and outflow concentrations. The concentrations of eight heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd) in landfill leachate (LL) and sediments were measured....
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Analysis of Airport Runoff Waters
PublicationA particularly important facet of airport operation is the impact of the pollution caused byrunoff waters. Runoff waters at an airport may contain relatively high concentrations of differentcontaminants resulting from the various aspects of its operation: de/anti-icing operations,washing and cleaning operations, spills of fuel and lubricants, exhaust fumes, and weed removal.The pollution caused by airport operations affects soil,...
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A model of fuel combustion process in the marine reciprocating engine work space taking into account load and wear of crankshaft-piston assembly and the theory of semi-Markov processes
PublicationThe ar ticle analyses the operation of reciprocal internal combu stion engines, with mar ine engines u sed a s an example. The analysis takes into account types of energy conversion in the work spaces (cylinders) of these engines, loads of their crankshaft-piston assemblies, and types of fuel combustion which can take place in these spaces during engine operation. It is highlighted that the analysed time-dependent loads of marine...
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Analytical Traffic Model for a Multidomain IMS/NGN Network Including Service and Transport Stratum
PublicationThis paper addresses the problem of modelling call processing performance (CPP) in a multidomain Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture including the elements of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) in service stratum and based on the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology in transport stratum. An analytical traffic model for such an architecture is proposed by integrating the formerly implemented submodels of service...
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Advances in olfaction-inspired biomaterials applied to bioelectronic noses
PublicationAmong all the senses, olfactory system of mammals is the least characterised as far as the mechanisms of odour identification are concerned. The results of recent investigations allow better understanding of the operation mechanism of the sense of smell. Progress in this field is crucial for the development of sensor technology based on olfaction-inspired biomaterials, which simulate the olfactory system of the biological counterparts....
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A multi-criteria decision model for the introduction of electric storage multiple units on the partially electrified Gdynia-Hel railway
Publication: In this article a multi-criteria study of the use of independently powered electric multiple units on the partially electrified Gdynia Główna - Hel line was carried out. The use of (currently used) diesel and, as an alternative, electric and electric multiple units with an electric energy storage was considered. The analysis was carried out on the basis of three criteria for assessing the route service options, i.e. environmental,...
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Designing Control and Protection Systems with Regard to Integrated Functional Safety and Cybersecurity Aspects
PublicationThis article addresses current problems of risk analysis and probabilistic modelling for functional safety management in the life cycle of safety-related systems. Two main stages in the lifecycle of these systems are distinguished, namely the design and operation. The risk analysis and probabilistic modelling differ in these stages in view of available knowledge and data. Due to the complexity and uncertainty involved, both qualitative...
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Broadband Compact Single-Layer Magic-T Junction with Separation of DC Signals between All Ports
PublicationA novel structure for a four-port microstrip magic-T junction is presented. The device is composed of microstrip and slotline circuits etched onto two sides of a dielectric substrate. The device is extremely compact and occupies an area more than three times smaller than similar structures recently reported in the literature. The novelty of the device lies in the use of microstrip/slotline transitions for both input ports: summation...
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Analysis of Ferroresonance Mitigation Effectiveness in Auxiliary Power Systems of High-Voltage Substations
PublicationFerroresonance in power networks is a dangerous phenomenon, which may result in overcurrents and overvoltages, causing damage to power equipment and the faulty operation of protection systems. For this reason, the possibility of the occurrence of ferroresonance has to be identified, and adequate methods need to be incorporated to eliminate or reduce its effects. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of ferroresonance...
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Partially Isolated Multi-Active Bridge DC-DC Converter with Bidirectional EV Charging Ports
PublicationThere is a growing interest in multiport converters due to their ability to interconnect various energy sources and loads using reduced number of components. Regarding electric vehicle (EV) chargers connection, existing multiport solutions either lack scalability, featuring only one isolated charging port or the operation of ports depend on each other, complicating the converter control algorithm. This article proposes a partially...
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Analysis of diagnostic informativeness of the exhaust temperature of a naval gas turbine
PublicationThe conducted investigations aimed to carry out an analysis of the possibility that the failures identification in the automatic control system of a gas turbine engine could be worked out on the basis of measurements of the exhaust stream temperature behind the gas generator. The exhaust temperature represents a basic control parameter, enabling technical state evaluation of the engine within the operation process, which is observed...
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Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage current in circuits with variable speed drives
PublicationThis paper concerns reliability of supply in variable speed drive circuits with residual current devices. During normal operation of these circuits high value of leakage current causes unwanted tripping of residual current devices. Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage current should be evaluated. The system for testing of residual current devices and results of the test are presented
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Active feedback noise control in the presence of impulsive disturbances
PublicationThe problem of active feedback control of a narrowband acoustic noise in the presence of impulsive disturbances is considered. It is shown that, when integrated with appropriately designed outlier detector, the proposed earlier feedback control algorithm called SONIC is capable of isolating and rejecting noise pulses. According to our tests this guarantees stable and reliable operation of the closed-loop noise cancelling...
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Wpływ strat mechanicznych w siłowniku teleskopowym zespołu zagęszczającego w pojeździe do usuwania odpadów z pojemników na skuteczność prasowania odpadów
PublicationHydraulic telescopic cylinders are used to power the moving wall of rear loader garbage trucks equipped with the traditional "sweep and slide" system. As the garbage compression force is directly dependent on the resistance force of the moving wall, losses in the hydraulic telescopic cylinder influence the compaction process. Taking them into account in the control system may improve the operation of the compaction...
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Design and investigations of the ethanol microturbine
PublicationThe paper presents the results of the design analysis and experimental investigations of the microturbine set consisting of the microturbine with partial admission and permanent magnet generator. The microturbine was designed for operation with the vapour of ethanol as a working fluid. Microturbine unit was tested for different parameters of the working fluid and varying the electrical load. The examples and the comparison between...
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Emergency condition of the ceramic facade of a residential building
PublicationThe paper presents a description of the technical condition of the ceramic cladding of a residential building, the technical condition of which deteriorated significantly after only a few years of operation. The analysis of the influence of the applied design and working solutions on the façade failure frequency was analyzed. The article presents a conceptual solution to bring the building to the proper technical condition in terms...
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Emergency condition of the ceramic facade of a residential building
PublicationThe paper presents a description of the technical condition of the ceramic cladding of a residential building, the technical condition of which deteriorated significantly after only a few years of operation. The analysis of the influence of the applied design and working solutions on the façade failure frequency was analyzed. The article presents a conceptual solution to bring the building to the proper technical condition in terms...
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Geokompozyty drenażowe w odwodnieniach drogowych i kolejowych
PublicationZagadnienie zagospodarowania wód opadowych i gruntowych w rejonie konstrukcji drogowych i kolejowych stanowi istotny element bezpiecznej i efektywnej eksploatacji tych obiektów. Odpowiednie wykorzystanie geokompozytów drenażowych zapewnia bezproblemową pracę konstrukcji oraz właściwą ochronę przed uszkodzeniami wynikającymi z niekontrolowanego oddziaływania wody.
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Compact satellite hydraulic unit
PublicationThe article describes the design and operation of a prototype hydraulic unit. It is based on an inversed kinematics, satellite pump in which the body rotates around the shaft. The pump is placed inside the electric motor. Thanks to that the compact and low mass construction was achieved. Thanks to new commutation unit with enlarged channels, lower pressure losses were obtained. The article presents the construction and results...
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Reliable renewable energy – application of electrochemical capacitors for electrical energy storage
PublicationThis paper presents electrical energy storage devices such as electrochemical capacitors, their principle of operation and electrode materials most commonly used in their manufacturing technology. Moreover, our research on development of new nanocomposite materials based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and conducting polymer is shown. Additionally, the possibility and advantages of application of supercapacitors for accumulation...
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Integrated production technology of cylindrical surfaces by turning and burnishing
PublicationThe method is based on a combination of previously used two separate operations namely machining and burnishing in a one complex operation implemented on a lathe.In the case of machining shafts and hydraulic cylinders of steel C45 is possible to obtain a surface roughness Ra=0,16 - 0,32 micrometers, dimensional accuracy class 7-8 according to ISO standards, and increase in the hardness of the surface up to 40%.
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Prospects of ionic liquids application in electronic and bioelectronic nose instruments
PublicationThis paper addresses the problem of application of ionic liquids to chemical sensors and biosensors being an integral part of the electronic and bioelectronic-type instruments. The design and principle of operation of the electronic and bioelectronic noses are compared. Both the benefits and shortcomings of the application of ionic liquids in these type of instruments are described. The prospects of the development and application...
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Measurement system based on USB Z-Wave controller
PublicationA wireless measurement system based on the Z-Wave standard is presented in this paper. The system is composed of a U SB Z-Stick Gen5 controller connected to a Personal Computer and a Fibaro controller FGRGBWM-441. Operation of the system is controlled by software written in C++ using OpenZWave library. Some metrological aspects of the system are evaluated: accuracy, linearity, resolution and frequency of voltage measurements.
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Gate Driver with Overcurrent Protection Circuit for GaN Transistors
PublicationThe improvement of the gate driver for GaN transistor is presented in this paper. The proposed topology contains the overcurrent protectionwith the two-stage turning off and independent control of turn on and off time of the GaN transistor. The operation of driver and its application in thehalf-bridge converter are described using both simulation and prototype measurements. The overcurrent protection was tested in Double Pulse...
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Blackout initial disturbances in electric Power System searching
PublicationThe paper contains short survey of the blackouts that took place in the last few years. The sources and initial disturbances are discussed. The typical scenario of the disturbance, leading to blackout in the electrical power system are presented.Next, models of a power system eligible to considered topic are discussed. Finally the algorithm of the blackout initial disturbances in power system searching is presented.The consideration...
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Study of the Influence of Heat Convection Coefficient on Predicted Performance of a Large Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearing
PublicationPart of the heat generated by the shearing of the lubricating film during operation of a hydrodynamic bearing is transferred to the bearing components. In the case of the pad, which is usually fully submerged in the lubricating oil, heat is further transferred at the pad free walls to the oil by convection. This mechanism causes a thermal gradient in a pad and, consequently, its thermal deflection. In large hydrodynamic thrust...
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Real-time simulator of agricultural biogas plant
PublicationThis article presents a real-time simulator of an agricultural biogas plant. The project contains biogas and biomass circuits simulation, as well as heating circuit simulation with a complete control system and visualization interface of the whole process. The software tool used to simulate the plant work is CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics), which enables a user to create and test simulation objects based on fundamental physical...
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Sensorless Fault Detection of Induction Motor with Inverter Output Filter
PublicationThe paper presents the problem of monitoring and fault detection of a sensorless voltage inverter fed squirrel cage induction motor with LC filter. The detection is based on load torque estimation of the investigated torque transmission system. The load torque is calculated besides the computation of other variables that are mandatory for sensorless drive operation such as rotor flux and speed. The implemented LC filter smooths...
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The Design Development of the Sliding Table Saw Towards Improving Its Dynamic Properties
PublicationCutting wood with circular saws is a popular machining operation in the woodworking and furniture industries. In the latter sliding table saws (panel saws) are commonly used for cutting of medium density fiberboards (MDF), high density fiberboards (HDF), laminate veneer lumber (LVL), plywood and chipboards of different structures. The most demanded requirements for machine tools are accuracy and precision, which mainly depend on...
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Voltage Control of a Stand-Alone Multiphase Doubly Fed Induction Generator
PublicationThis article presents a multiphase doubly fed induction generator (MDFIG) with a dedicated and unique control algorithm in a stand-alone wind energy conversion system. The algorithm has been developed and elaborated in the case of different emergency modes. Compared with the traditional double-fed induction generator, the MDFIG has increased reliability, reduced current level per phase, and low rotor harmonic currents. The control...
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Hydrogen fuel cell power supply for hybrid elelectric multiple unit train
PublicationIn European countries, electrified routes amount for 40% to 65% of the total railway networks length. Some of those routes are only partially electrified, and construction of a catenary network might not be viable on all routes. Consequently, operators run diesel trains under catenary or require both an electric and diesel vehicle, increasing costs of operation. Dual-mode vehicles exist, but they are mostly equipped with diesel...
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NEW DESIGNS OF MAGNETIC FLUID SEALS FOR RECIPROCATING MOTION
PublicationT he operating conditions of magnetic fluid seals during reciprocating motion are so different from those observed in rotating motion that the use of their conventional structures for reciprocating motion seals yields no good results. The analysis of the sealing mechanism of magnetic fluid seals in reciprocating motion shows that the operation of these seals is affected by the carry-over phenomenon and magnetic fluid...
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Transmission protocol simulation framework for the resource-constrained sensor network
PublicationIn this paper the simulation framework for simulation of the sensor network protocol is presented. The framework enables the simultaneous development of the sensor network software and the protocol for the wireless data transmission. The advantage of using the framework is the convergence of the simulation with the real software, because the same software is used in real sensor network nodes and in the simulation framework. The...
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Diagnostics of thermal processes in antenna systems of broadcast stations
PublicationDiagnostics is an important element associated with the operation of a radio antenna systems, allowing earlier detection of potential damage. Thermography is one of the diagnostic tools, which allows for non-invasive assessment of technical condition. It brings together both financial savings associated with the removal of the damage and the potential effects caused by it. The article presents an example of using a thermal imaging...
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Application of electrochemical sensors and sensor matrixes for measurement of odorous chemical compounds
PublicationIn this paper describes the principle of operation of the electrochemical sensors and the sensor matrixes comprised of electrochemical sensors intended for measurement of odorous compounds. Critical comparison of these sensors’ advantages and disadvantages has been made. The fields of economy contributing to release of odours and the potential sources of their emission have been identified. Commercially available electrochemical...
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Effect of long term service at elevated temperatures on mechanical properties of Manaurite XM reformer tubes
PublicationMicrostructure transformations occur in the Manaurite XM cast steel tubes during long-term operation in the reformer furnace were revealed and described. The rela tionship between mechanical properties, an increase of internal diameter of the tube and microstructure degradation is discussed. Static tensile test was performed on two types of samples with different shapes. It has been shown differences in the results of tests...