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Search results for: DATA EXTRACTION
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Investigation of the temperature modulation parameters on semiconductor gas sensor response
PublicationIn this work we present the results of the investigation of the sensing properties of semiconductor gas sensors with a sinusoidally modulated temperature in the presence of synthetic air (SA) and three volatile air pollutants, i.e. NH3, NO2 and SO2. The measurements were performed for different average sensor heater temperatures and the amplitude of the modulation signal. In addition, the extraction of features from the sensor...
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Strong Monogamies of No-Signaling Violations for Bipartite Correlation Bell Inequalities
PublicationThe phenomenon of monogamy of Bell inequality violations is interesting both from the fundamental perspective as well as in cryptographic applications such as the extraction of randomness and secret bits. In this article, we derive new and stronger monogamy relations for violations of Bell inequalities in general no-signaling theories. These relations are applicable to the class of binary output correlation inequalities known as...
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Texture Features for the Detection of Playback Attacks: Towards a Robust Solution
PublicationThis paper describes the new version of a method that is capable of protecting automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems from playback attacks. The presented approach uses computer vision techniques, such as the texture feature extraction based on Local Ternary Patterns (LTP), to identify spoofed recordings. Our goal is to make the algorithm independent from the contents of the training set as much as possible; we look for the...
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PCR-ELISA: inexpensive alternative to quantitative PCR
PublicationPCR-ELISA (polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), a combination of PCR and ELISA methods, has been used since late 1980s. The technique is based on specially labelled DNA fragments which are captured by specific DNA sequences and detected by antibodies. The whole procedure of PCR-ELISA is divided into three steps: DNA extraction, PCR reaction and detection by ELISA. The method has been found as very specific...
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Examining Influence of Distance to Microphone on Accuracy of Speech Recognition
PublicationThe problem of controlling a machine by the distant-talking speaker without a necessity of handheld or body-worn equipment usage is considered. A laboratory setup is introduced for examination of performance of the developed automatic speech recognition system fed by direct and by distant speech acquired by microphones placed at three different distances from the speaker (0.5 m to 1.5 m). For feature extraction from the voice signal...
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Application of deep eutectic solvents in analytical sample pretreatment (update 2017–2022). Part A: Liquid phase microextraction
PublicationSustainable development in all branches of human activity has become an unequivocal necessity in the last two decades, and green chemistry goes hand in hand with it. Various ways have been proposed in analytical chemistry to meet the current requirements of green chemistry. One such approach is the research of new reagents and solvents for analytical purposes. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) began being investigated and used in analytical...
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Natural/bio-based sorbents as greener extractive materials for endocrine disrupting compounds in samples of different matrix composition
PublicationEndocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) are a group of chemicals that interfere with the endocrine system, leading to adverse effects on human health and the environment. Increasing concerns over the EDCs presence in various environmental compartments has driven the search for greener extraction materials. Recently, the use of polymers of natural origin (biopolymers) has been demonstrated to be an effective and promising research...
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Nowe rozwiązania metodyczne i techniczne w zakresie techniki mikroekstrakcji do fazy stracjonarnej
PublicationSample preparation has been recognized as a critical step of the analytical process, being even considered as the bottleneck of the overall process. Enrichment of target compounds, transfer of the analytes into a solvent compatible with the analytical instrumentation, minimization of potential interferences, and efficient sample clean-up, are among the main aims of sample preparation techniques. In this regard, liquid-liquid extraction...
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A review of phosphorus recovery methods at various steps of wastewater treatment and sewage sludge management. The concept of “no solid waste generation” and analytical methods
PublicationPhosphorus deposits around the world are rapidly depleting, therefore phosphorus recovery methods are gaining more and more interest both in science and industry. This article presents the main methods of phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge. The described approaches are divided in two groups: phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge and leachate, and recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge ashes. The latter seems to have more...
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Transmission parameters of underwater communication channels
PublicationThe underwater environment is tough and demanding as a communication channel for ultrasonic signals. The channel transmission characteristics in marine and inland waters depend much on local bathymetry and changing weather conditions. The architecture and performance of a reliable underwater acoustic communication (UAC) system should allow real-time adaptation of its transmission parameters to a large variety of possible channel...
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Determination of pharmaceuticals in fish: method optimization and occurrence in different species from Mediterranean rivers
PublicationThe multi-residue analytical method developed, based on accelerated solvent extraction, gel permeation chromatography purification and UPLC-MS/MS analysis allowed the simultaneous determination of 21 pharmaceuticals. Recoveries obtained for most of the target compounds were higher than 50%. The application of UPLC-MS/MS operating in the MRM mode, with two transitions monitored for each compound, provided good sensitivity and selectivity....
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Pesticide residues levels in honey from apiaries located of Northern Poland
PublicationConcentration levels of 30 pesticide residues were measured in honey samples collected from apiaries in northern part of Poland (Pomerania) using method based on the QuEChERS extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electron spray ionization (LC-ESI-MS/MS). In 29% of the samples were found positive for at least some of the target compounds. Concentration of bifenthrin, fenpyroximate, methidathion,...
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Statistically efficient smoothing algorithm for time-varying frequency estimation
PublicationThe problem of extraction/elimination of a nonstationary sinusoidal signal from noisy measurements is considered. This problem is usually solved using adaptive notch filtering (ANF) algorithms. It is shown that the accuracy of frequency estimates can be significantly increased if the results obtained from ANF are backward-time filtered by an appropriately designed lowpass filter. The resulting adaptive notch smoothing (ANS) algorithm...
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Green analytical chemistry : theory and practice
PublicationThis tutorial review summarises the current state of green analytical chemistry with special emphasis on environmentally friendly sample preparation techniques. Green analytical chemistry is a part of the sustainable development concept; its history and origins are described. Miniaturisation of analytical devices and shortening the time elapsing between performing analysis and obtaining reliable analytical results are important...
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Lower Rim Substituted p-tert-Butyl-Calix[4]arene. Part 16. Synthesis of 25, 26, 27, 28-tetrakis(piperidinethiocarbonylmethylene)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and its interaction with metal ions
PublicationThe synthesis, characterisation and X-ray crystal structures of p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arenethioamide L and its complex with lead L-Pb2+ is reported. The cation-binding properties in solution have been assessed by liquid-liquid extraction of the metal picrates from water into dichloromethane and by stability constants determination in acetonitrile using UV-absorption spectrophotometry or potentiometry. The compound was used as active...
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Current trends in analytical strategies for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 1.: Screening of new developments in sample preparation
PublicationPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous compounds in the environment. Restrictions on the use of PBDEs introduced at the beginning of the 21st century have not eliminated these highly persistent and bioaccumulative compounds from the environment. Despite many existing regulations to control and phase out, extensive research on PBDEs is still necessary to fully evaluate the hazard their create to the environment. In...
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Determination of Terpene Profile in Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) with Use of HS-SPME/GCxGC-TOFMS Method
PublicationFresh fruits and products made of them, especially fruit juice, provide the basic energetic substances (simple and complex sugars) and are a source of health beneficial vitamins, macro and microelements, antioxidants and compounds which are classified together with essential oils (for example terpenes), which positively affect human s health. The terpenes profile of cape gooseberry was determined by headspace solid--phase microextraction...
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Experimental analysis of chip removing system in circular sawing machine
PublicationPaper presents analysis of the process of removing the wood chips generated during the cutting of the material on the circular sawing machine. The attention is focused on the upper cover of the chip removing system. Within the framework of the work a systematic experimental study of pressure distribution in the cover during operation of the selected rotational speed of saw blade with a diameter of 300 mm and 450 mm was carried...
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Management of low-temperature heat source by ORC aided by additional heat source
PublicationIn the paper presented is a concept to utilize waste heat from the power plant with the aid of the low-temperature ORC cycle. The ORC system is heated from two heat sources, the first one being the flow rate of waste heat obtained from the exhaust gases. Subsequently, the working fluid in the cycle is additionally heated by the condensing steam from the low pressure turbine extraction points increasing in such way the level of...
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Determination of 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MDPB) in blood. A case report
PublicationSynthetic drugs, known as ‘‘legal highs’’, are still very popular on black market. The determination of their composition are required in courts of law and also to understand what potential users may be subjected to. The interest of new cathinones, e.g. MDPBP, is in view of psychoactive effects that they cause and that, in many cases, they are not controlled by law. The case outlined here concerns 19 years-old man, who was found...
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Biometric identity verification
PublicationThis chapter discusses methods which are capable of protecting automatic speaker verification systems (ASV) from playback attacks. Additionally, it presents a new approach, which uses computer vision techniques, such as the texture feature extraction based on Local Ternary Patterns (LTP), to identify spoofed recordings. We show that in this case training the system with large amounts of spectrogram patches may be difficult, and...
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Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based liquid–liquid microextraction for simultaneous determination of Ni (II) and Zn (II) in food samples
PublicationA new approach was developed for the simultaneous pre-concentration and determination of Ni (II) and Zn (II) in food samples. This method is based on ultrasound-assisted liquid–liquid micro extraction using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) and 1,10-phenanthroline as chelating agent. The effect of several parameters, such as pH, selection and volume of DES, amount of chelating agent, time of sonication and centrifugation,...
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Greening procedures and analytical parameters. The polychlorinated naphthalenes analysis in complex matrices as proof of concept
PublicationDue to the complexity of analytical procedures employed for the determination of wide spectrum of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), it is important to consider the green character of the applied protocols and propose the greenest solutions. In this review, the green aspects of several analytical procedures used for the determination of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) (as a representatives of POPs) in different types of...
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Analysis of arsenic species in environmental samples
PublicationMany analytical methods for determining arsenic in various forms in environmental samples have been developed in recent years. The main objective of this review article is the presentation and comparison of the three principal techniques for the determination arsenic compounds, namely: hydride generation (HG), voltammetry and chromatography (liquid chromatography including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas...
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From the multiple frequency tracker to the multiple frequency smoother
PublicationThe problem of extraction/elimination of nonstationary sinusoidalsignals from noisy measurements is considered. This problem is usually solved using adaptive notch filtering (ANF)algorithms. It is shown that the accuracy of frequency estimates can be significantly increased if the results obtained from ANF are backward-time filtered by an appropriately designed lowpass filter. The resulting adaptive notch smoothing (ANS)algorithm...
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Controlling computer by lip gestures employing neural network
PublicationResults of experiments regarding lip gesture recognition with an artificial neural network are discussed. The neural network module forms the core element of a multimodal human-computer interface called LipMouse. This solution allows a user to work on a computer using lip movements and gestures. A user face is detected in a video stream from a standard web camera using a cascade of boosted classifiers working with Haar-like features....
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Recent advances in assessing xenobiotics migrating from packaging material – A review
PublicationMigration of potentially toxic xenobiotics and their transformation products from packaging materials needs continuous monitoring efforts. This task requires utilizing both instrumental and biological methods as more and more novel materials reach market every year to serve consumers and reduce production costs. Unfortunately, these materials very often sneak past our legal regulations on their composition and emission of contaminants...
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Comparative analysis of various transformation techniques for voiceless consonants modeling
PublicationIn this paper, a comparison of various transformation techniques, namely Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Walsh Hadamard Transform (DWHT) are performed in the context of their application to voiceless consonant modeling. Speech features based on these transformation techniques are extracted. These features are mean and derivative values of cepstrum coefficients, derived from each transformation....
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Numerical analysis of chip removing system operation in circular sawing machine using CFD software
PublicationPaper presents the analysis of the results of numerical simulations of the air flow process of wood chips removing system in the circular sawing machine. The attention is focused on the upper cover and bottom shelter of the chip removing system. Within the framework of the work a systematic numerical modeling of the air flow distribution in the cover and shelter during operation of the selected rotational speed of saw blade with...
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Determination of thiocyanate as a biomarker of tobacco smoke constituents in selected biological materials of human origin
Publicationn order to protect human health, it is necessary to biomonitor toxic substances originating from tobacco smoke in biological materials sampled from persons with different exposures to tobacco smoke constituents. Thiocyanate anion is a biomarker of exposure to tobacco smoke components which is characterized by a relatively long half‐life in the human body, i.e. 6 days. In this work, we present the results of thiocyanate determinations...
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Nanoparticles: Synthesis, characteristics, and applications in analytical and other sciences
PublicationNanoparticles (NPs) are widely employed in different research areas, ranging from analytical chemistry and environmental science to medicine, the agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. This is mainly due to the unique characteristics of NPs and the novelty they introduce in such applications. In analytical chemistry, the role of NPs can differ depending on the nature of the steps involved in analytical process. NPs are probably...
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Method of managing drill cuttings from shale gas formations
PublicationProposed management method of drill cuttings involves recycling for the expanded clay production. A theoretical presentation of the possibility, choosing planning path based on similarity between the materials used in the manufacture of expanded clay and oily cuttings. Application for the main stages of manufacture of expanded clay production of drill cuttings from shale gas extraction. Introduced into circulation solid waste partly...
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Determination of Pesticide Residues in Honeybees using Modified QUEChERS Sample Work-Up and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PublicationIncreasing emissions of chemical compounds to the environment, especially of pesticides, is one of factors that may explain present honeybee colony losses. In this work, an analytical method employing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was optimized for the simultaneous screening of 19 pesticides which have not been yet determined in honeybee samples from northern Poland (Pomerania). The sample preparation,...
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The use of a one-step PCR method for the identification of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes infection of pets
PublicationIntroduction: Dermatophytes are a closely related group of keratinophilic fungi. They encompass important etiological agents of superficial fungal infections. These fungi are able to invade keratinized tissues of humans and animals, causing dermatophytosis (ringworm) of hair, nails or skin. The aim: Traditional diagnostics of ringworm is based on morphological identification of cultured fungi and is time-consuming. Materials and methods:...
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Decisional DNA Based Conceptual Framework for Smart Manufacturing
PublicationThis paper presents the conceptual framework for systematic knowledge representation, storage and reuse of manufacturing information in a production scenario. This knowledge structure is designed for three levels in a manufacturing set up viz. first at the engineering objects level, second at process and finally at factory level. Virtual engineering object (VEO) deals with knowledge at the individual object/component/machine level...
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Elimination of excretion of ibuprofen and its metabolites in horses
PublicationAnalytical procedure based on application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at the step of detection, identification and quantitation of ibuprofen (IBU) and detection of its metabolites – 1-hydroxyibuprofen (1-OH IBU) and carboxyibuprofen (CBX IBU) in horse urine by selected ion monitoring mode after sample preparation covering extraction at pH 3-4 and methylation has been used. The ions at m/z 161, 220 (methylated...
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Analytical procedures for quality control of pharmaceuticals in terms of residual solvents content: Challenges and recent developments
PublicationResidual solvents play an important role in the synthesis of drugs and in product formulations. In addition, they pose a serious problem, that is toxicity, as many of them exhibit toxic or environmentally hazardous properties. Therefore, constant monitoring of quality control is needed. In this study, we present an overview of regulatory and general methods described by various pharmacopoeias. Then, the most commonly used methodologies...
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Isolation and characterization of Acid Soluble Collagen from the Skin of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic cod (Gadus morhua)
PublicationAcid-soluble collagen (ASC) from the fish skin of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) was extracted and characterized. The ASC extraction yield was 75%, 73% and 68%, respectively. The denaturation and melting temperatures of African catfish ASC (29.3°C and 100.0°C) were significantly higher than ASC of Salmon and Baltic cod (20.6°C and 90.5°C; 15.2°C and 86.7°C, respectively), assessed...
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A negative effect of carbon phase on specific capacity of electrode material consisted of nanosized bismuth vanadate embedded in carbonaceous matrix
PublicationLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used all over the world. The LIBs belong to a renewable energy source and energy storage devices. The increase in energy demand causes that new materials of higher energy and higher power densities are still under investigation. Herein, we compare electrochemical properties of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) embedded and not embedded into carbonaceous matrix as an anode material along with structural...
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Greenness assessment of analytical methods used for antibiotic residues determination in food samples
PublicationFood of animal origin plays an important role in ensuring a healthy and sustainable human diet. However, residues of pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics, can be the cause of many health problems. To protect consumers and improve food quality, analytical methods used to determine contaminants should be simple, selective, and have high throughput and low detection limits. Recently, greenness metric tools have proven useful in...
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Microextraction by packed sorbent: Uncommon detection techniques, sorbents, samples and analytes
PublicationAmong sample preparation approaches, the most desirable are procedures that ensure high efficiency and reproducibility, that are cheap, fast and simple, that minimize the number of operational steps and that require a small amount of sample and solvent and are thus environmentally friendly. Microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) is a miniaturized form of solid-phase extraction, the use of which has been continuously expanding...
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Lab-in-syringe as a practical technique for automatic microextraction: Evaluation by Blue Applicability Grade Index
PublicationLab-in-syringe (LIS) is a powerful automatic technique that is derived from sequential injection analysis. In LIS, a computer-controlled syringe pump is employed, and its syringe barrel serves as a mixing, reaction, and/or extraction chamber. Until now, the LIS concept has been efficiently employed for the automation of solid-phase microextraction and liquid-phase microextraction protocols as a front-end to a plethora of chromatographic...
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Determination of nine high-intensity sweeteners in various foods by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection
PublicationAn analytical procedure involving solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed for the determination of nine high-intensity sweeteners authorised in the EU; acesulfame-K (ACS-K), aspartame (ASP), alitame (ALI), cyclamate (CYC), dulcin (DUL), neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), neotame (NEO), saccharin (SAC) and sucralose (SCL) in a variety of food samples (i.e. beverages,...
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Rapid and simple multi-analyte LC–MS/MS method for the determination of benzodiazepines and Z-hypnotic drugs in blood samples: Development, validation and application based on three years of toxicological analyses
PublicationBenzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs have been particularly important treatments for sleeping and anxiety disorders for many years. However, recently, a number of new benzodiazepines (named designer benzodiazepines, DBZDs) were synthesised, but some of them have never been used in the clinic; they reached the black drug market as new psychoactive substances and are used for recreational purposes. The abuse of these substances has...
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Pesticides in the Environment
PublicationApplied all over the world, pesticides are some of the most dangerous pollutants of the environment becauseof their mobility and ability to accumulate in the environment and their consequent long-term adverseeffects on living organisms in general and human health in particular. For these reasons, it is essential tomonitor and analyze pesticide residues in the environment. This entry discusses the classification of pesticidesas...
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Application and optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography - flame-ionization detector (GC-FID) to determine products of the petroleum industry in aqueous samples
PublicationA simple and solvent-free analytical method has been optimized for the determination of hydrocarbons (C6 - C20) from products of the petroleum industry in aqueous samples. Extraction and analysis was carried out using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography coupled with flame-ionization detector (GC-FID). A ZB-5 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm inner diameter, 0.25 µm film thickness) was used for...
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Analysis of the harmonic structure of the vowel /a/ taking into account the age and gender of the speaker
PublicationSound waves are disturbances propagating through an elastic medium that, upon reaching the ear, elicit auditory sensations. Sounds generated by the surroundings can be captured by a transducer (microphone), which transforms them into an electrical signal. The signal from the microphone is then transmitted to a computer, where software allows for the extraction and analysis of individual tones. This process enables the description...
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Monitoring and analytics of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor air
PublicationThis paper reviews literature information on the behaviour of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the indoor environment, as well as the most likely emission sources. The consecutive stages of analytical procedures used for monitoring SVOCs in indoor environments are described. The most common approaches used for collecting samples from the gas and particulate phases are mentioned. The paper discusses and compares various...
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Determination of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using QuEChERS sample preparation method
PublicationThe intensive development of agriculture means that more and more toxic organic and inorganic compounds are entering the environment. Because of their widespread use, environmental stability, selective toxicity and bioaccumulative capability, pesticides belong to the most hazardous substances contaminating the environment. They are particularly dangerous in fruits and vegetables, because they are one of the reasons why people are...
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The Hough transform in the classification process of inland ships
PublicationThis article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using image processing methods for feature extraction that allows kNN classification based on a ship’s image delivered from an on-water video surveillance system. The subject of the analysis is the Hough transform which enables the detection of straight lines in an image. The recognized straight lines and the information about them serve as features in the classification...