Filters
total: 1150
filtered: 1091
displaying 1000 best results Help
Search results for: DISPERSIVE LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION
-
Miniaturized solid-phase extraction techniques
PublicationMore than 80% of analysis time is spent on sample collection and sample preparation, so sample preparation is a critical part of the analytical process. Traditionally, liquid-liquid extraction was developed and employed to screen for general unknowns. However, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is becoming highly popular as an alternative, due to its simplicity and economy in terms of time and solvent. This review summarizes the current...
-
Exposure scenario and risk assessment of infants and newborns to bisphenols and their derivatives from diapers
PublicationNewborns and infants are more sensitive to harmful compounds such as bisphenols and their derivatives because of their not fully developed detoxification mechanism. Exposure to these substances can lead to developmental problems and health consequences in adulthood. Since disposable baby diapers are used from the first days of life and remain in contact with the baby skin, it seems important to monitor the levels of endocrine disrupting chemicals...
-
Determination of volatile organic compounds in water samples using membrane-solid phase microextraction (M-SPME) (headspace version)
PublicationThe results of a study on the use of membrane-solid phase microextraction (M-SPME) for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the headspace above the liquid medium are presented. The sampled VOCs were subsequently quantified by gas chromatography (GC). Two systems were compared in this study, i.e. a novel two-phase sorption system (M-SPME), and a commercial fibre. Headspace sampling using SPME was optimized with respect...
-
Determination of free tyrosine in equestrian supplements by LC–MS/MS and comparison of its quantity with total free amino acids content in view of doping control
PublicationThe reports on the probable beneficial impact of tyrosine (TYR) supplementation on performance enhancement have contributed to the growth of interest in TYR in equestrian sports field and related industries, such as the manufacture of dietary and nutritional supplements. In this study, the first attempt to the assessment of horses exposure to TYR during nutritional supplementation was demonstrated by quantification of unbound TYR...
-
Visualizing spatially decomposed intermolecular correlations in the infrared spectra of aprotic liquids
PublicationInfrared (IR) spectroscopy is commonly used to study intermolecular interactions in the liquid phase, including solvation phenomena. On the other hand, ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations offer the possibility to obtain IR spectra from first principles. Surpassing the experiment, AIMD simulations can deliver additional information on the spatial intermolecular correlations underlying the IR spectrum of the liquid. Although...
-
Determination of Glycerol, Propylene Glycol, and Nicotine as the Main Components in Refill Liquids for Electronic Cigarettes
PublicationRefill liquids for electronic cigarettes are an important area of research due to the health safety and quality control of such products. A method was developed for the determination of glycerol, propylene glycol, and nicotine in refill liquids using liquid chromatography, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with electrospray ionisation (ESI). Sample preparation was based...
-
Electron attachment and electron iozization of acetic acid clusters embedded in helium nanodroplets
PublicationThe effect of incident electrons on acetic acid clusters is explored for the first time. The acetic acid clusters are formed inside liquid helium nanodroplets and both cationic and anionic productsejected in to the gas phase aredetected by mass spectrometry.
-
Solubility of Methane in Water: Some Useful Results for Hydrate Nucleation
PublicationIn this paper, the solubility of methane in water along the 400 bar isobar is determined by computer simulations using the TIP4P/Ice force field for water and a simple LJ model for methane. In particular, the solubility of methane in water when in contact with the gas phase and the solubility of methane in water when in contact with the hydrate has been determined. The solubility of methane in a gas–liquid system decreases as temperature...
-
Solid phase microextraction: state of the art, opportunities and applications
PublicationSolid phase microextraction is one of the most popular green techniques used for sample preparations in analytical chemistry. It is a simple, rapid, sensitive, and solvent-free technique. Since SPME was first introduced in the early 1990s, there has been an intensification of research in order to elaborate new methodical solutions in many research facilities around the world, which could increase the use of this technique. More...
-
Zastosowanie addytywów w separacji pianowej białek serwatkowych i białek mlecznych
PublicationZaproponowano proces separacji pianowej do wydzielania białek ze strumieni poprodukcyjnych przemysłu mleczarskiego Ponadto zaproponowano zastosowanie w separacji pianowej białek serwatkowych i mlecznych addytywów dopuszczonych ustawą do stosowania w żywności. Jako cel pracy przyjęto uzyskanie wyników uzasadniających wybór takich addytywów, które intensyfikują przebieg i polepszają wynik procesu separacji pianowej białek. W części...
-
Response of a steel tank during earthquakes and mining tremors - experimental investigation
PublicationCylindrical steel tanks are very popular shell structures used to store the products of chemical and petroleum industries. Any failure might have disastrous consequences, therefore their safety and reliability is essential. Earthquakes are the most dangerous and also the most unpredictable dynamic loads acting on such structures. On the other hand, mining tremors are usually considered to be less severe due to lower acceleration...
-
Lower Rim Substituted p-tert-Butyl-Calix[4]arene. Part 16. Synthesis of 25, 26, 27, 28-tetrakis(piperidinethiocarbonylmethylene)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and its interaction with metal ions
PublicationThe synthesis, characterisation and X-ray crystal structures of p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arenethioamide L and its complex with lead L-Pb2+ is reported. The cation-binding properties in solution have been assessed by liquid-liquid extraction of the metal picrates from water into dichloromethane and by stability constants determination in acetonitrile using UV-absorption spectrophotometry or potentiometry. The compound was used as active...
-
Determination of 3,4-methylenedioxy-α-pyrrolidinobutiophenone (MDPB) in blood. A case report
PublicationSynthetic drugs, known as ‘‘legal highs’’, are still very popular on black market. The determination of their composition are required in courts of law and also to understand what potential users may be subjected to. The interest of new cathinones, e.g. MDPBP, is in view of psychoactive effects that they cause and that, in many cases, they are not controlled by law. The case outlined here concerns 19 years-old man, who was found...
-
Insights Into Hydrodynamics of Spinning Fluids Reactor
PublicationSpinning fluids reactor (SFR) is one of the most efficient gas-liquid contacting system with high potential of application in many fields. The unique solution of SFR is the contacting of two spinning fluids which generated centrifugal force. The aim of this study was to investigate the pressure field distribution on the inner surface of reactors dispersing element. Obtained results confirm the high heterogeneity of the field pressure...
-
Novel Desorber for Online Drilling Mud Gas Logging
PublicationThis work presents the construction solution and experimental results of a novel desorber for online drilling mud gas logging. The traditional desorbers use mechanical mixing of the liquid to stimulate transfer of hydrocarbons to the gaseous phase that is further analyzed. The presented approach is based on transfer of hydrocarbons from the liquid to the gas bubbles flowing through it and further gas analysis. The desorber was...
-
Measurements of Dispersed Phase Velocity in Two-Phase Flows in Pipelines Using Gamma-Absorption Technique and Phase of the Cross-Spectral Density Function
PublicationThis paper concerns the application of the gamma radiation absorption method in the measurements of dispersed phase velocity in two-phase flows: liquid–gas flow in a horizontal pipe- line and liquid–solid particles in a vertical pipe. Radiometric sets containing two linear 241Am gamma radiation sources and two NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors were used in the research. Due to the stochastic nature of the signals obtained from the...
-
Phosphorus concentration and availability in raw organic waste and post fermentation products
PublicationThe aim of the study was to determine the mobility of phosphorus forms in raw organic waste and from the solid and liquid fractions of digestate. To achieve the purpose of this study, the components (including livestock manure, agricultural waste, food waste, sewage sludge) and their post fermentation products were considered. Subsequently, the effect of the fermentation process on the mobility of phosphorus forms in post-fermentation fractions...
-
A comprehensive lipidomic analysis of oilseeds using LC-Q-TOF-MS and dispersive micro-solid phase (D-μ-SPE) extraction techniques
PublicationGrowing public health awareness increased the demand for natural products with positive health benefits. Vegetable oils containing omega-3 fatty acids (FA) such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) has been proposed as a possible source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work, a comprehensive lipidome analysis and comparison of seven oilseeds, including flaxseed, chia, hemp, black cumin, white sesame,...
-
Efficient Extraction of Fermentation Inhibitors by Means of Green Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents
PublicationThe methods for hydrogen yield efficiency improvements, the gaseous stream purification in gaseous biofuels generation, and the biomass pretreatment are considered as the main trends in research devoted to gaseous biofuel production. The environmental aspect related to the liquid stream purification arises. Moreover, the management of post-fermentation broth with the application of various biorefining techniques gains importance....
-
Badania nad doborem najkorzystniejszego składu eluentu do rozdzielenia metabolitów wtórnych z grupy naftochinonów i flawonoidów z zastosowaniem chromatografii planarnej w normalnym i odwróconym układzie faz = A research on the composition of the eluent for separation of plant metabolities by reversed phase planar chromatography
PublicationIn the paper the results of separation of plant extracts by RP-TLC with different composition of the eluents are presented. Analysis of retention data allowed to select components of the eluent with favorable retention parameters, which can be used in the future for separation of this type of plant extracts by column liquid chromatography techniques.
-
Analysis of arsenic species in environmental samples
PublicationMany analytical methods for determining arsenic in various forms in environmental samples have been developed in recent years. The main objective of this review article is the presentation and comparison of the three principal techniques for the determination arsenic compounds, namely: hydride generation (HG), voltammetry and chromatography (liquid chromatography including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas...
-
Novel two-step synthesis method of thin film heterojunction of BiOBr/Bi2WO6 with improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity
PublicationA novel two-step ionic liquid assisted procedure was applied for a controllable synthesis of BiOBr/Bi2WO6 heterojunction thin films. The preparation route involved an anodic oxidation of tungsten foil and hydrothermal transformation of as-anodized oxide in the presence of bismuth precursor and ionic liquid, N-butylpyridinium bromide [BPy][Br]. The BiOBr plates with irregular shapes adhered to the surface of flower-like Bi2WO6 and...
-
The effect of 1,4-butanediol on the efficiency of CO2 absorption and inhibition of NH3 escape during the mineral carbonation of gypsum
PublicationThis study explored the optimal concentration of 1,4-butanediol for maximizing CO2 absorption and minimizing ammonia desorption. Mineral carbonation of gypsum slurry was carried out in a bubble reactor with a magnetic stirrer maintaining constant speed for 1 hour. The gas introduced to the reactor was a mixture of CO2 and air. The gas flow was controlled by the mass controllers. Gas sensors were used to determine the concentration...
-
The effect of ionic liquids on the surface and photocatalytic properties of semiconducting materials
PublicationSemiconductor-mediated photocatalysis represents an environmentally friendly technology that could be used for the degradation of different pollutants in the gas and aqueous phases, for hydrogen generation, and for CO2-to-valuable product transformation reactions. Therefore, it is extremely important to accurately design a photocatalyst with the relevant features. In recent years, ionic liquids have often been employed as reagents...
-
Monitoring wizyjny w systemach zabezpieczenia transportu wodnego. Koncepcja implementacyjna
PublicationW artykule autorzy przedstawiają koncepcję zastosowania własnych badań nad pomiarem prędkości przepływu cieczy do zastosowań praktycznych w pomiarach przepływu wody w kanałach otwartych i rzekach. Jako narzędzie pomiarowe wykorzystują zestaw aparatów synchronicznych, które rejestrują indykatory przepływu znajdujące się na powierzchni analizowanej cieczy. Aparat matematyczny przedstawiony w rozwiązaniu sprowadza się do stosowania...
-
Inżynieria odwrotna bazy paliw płynnych w Gdańsku
PublicationArtykuł prezentuje prace z zakresu pozyskania danych o zbiornikach bazy paliw płynnych w Gdańsku. Przedstawione rozwiązanie nie ogranicza się tylko do stworzenia (rejestracji) chmury punktów, ale jest próbą wskazania użycia naziemnego skaningu laserowego do stworzenia bazy informacji o bazie paliw – w tym głównie geometrii zbiorników. Autorzy prezentują proces inwentaryzacji, rejestrację chmury punktów oraz wskazują zasady tworzenia...
-
Interactions of selected mono- and disaccharides with precipitated calcium carbonate particles
PublicationCalcium carbonate is a widespread compound in nature and it can be produced by living organisms in the biomineralization process. Calcite, aragonite and vaterite are anhydrous polymorphic forms of calcium carbonate, wherein the calcite is the most thermodynamically stable. Vaterite is the metastable crystalline phase, which can be a precursor of calcite and aragonite, because it can easily transformed by dissolution and re crystallization...
-
Investigations of the Working Process in a Dual-Fuel Low-Emission Combustion Chamber for an FPSO Gas Turbine Engine
PublicationThis investigation is devoted to an analysis of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for a floating vessel’s gas turbine. The low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber with partial pre-mixing of fuel and air inside the outer and inner radial-axial swirlers was chosen as the object of research. When modelling processes in a dual-flow low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber, a generalized method...
-
How thermal stability of ionic liquids leads to more efficient TiO2-based nanophotocatalysts: Theoretical and experimental studies
PublicationIonic liquids (ILs) containing distinct nitrogen-bearing organic cations (pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, imidazolium, ammonium, morpholinium) were first used for the preparation of 23 IL-TiO2 types of composites by ionic liquid assisted solvothermal synthesis. These 23 optimal ILs structures (i.e. compounds exhibiting an optimal combination of specific properties, functionality, and safety) for synthesis and experimental validation...
-
New approach for e-cigarette aerosol collection by an original automatic aerosol generator utilizing melt-blown non-woven fabric
PublicationCurrently, there is lack of standardized conditions for the collection and analysis of e-cigarette (EC) aerosol. Considering the urgent need for the development of these guidelines, a procedure for EC aerosol analysis was developed. A novel automatic e-cigarette aerosol generator was designed. For the first time, melt-blown non-woven fabric was applied for the effective uptake of compounds released from vaporized e-liquid. The...
-
Ni-WC/Al2O3 and Ni-WC/MgWO4/MgAl2O4 catalysts for resource recovery via pyrolysis combined with the dry reforming of plastics (PCDR)
PublicationPlastic waste (PW) is currently one of an environmental threat. Despite the increasing share of recycled plastics, their disposal remains high. Therefore, there is a high demand for new PW management systems. Among them, pyrolysis combined with dry reforming (PCDR) is an advantageous solution because it allows for resource recovery in the form of gas and liquid fuels, with simultaneous utilization of CO2. To date, catalysts based...
-
Processing of Biomass Prior to Hydrogen Fermentation and Post-Fermentative Broth Management
PublicationUsing bioconversion and simultaneous value-added product generation requires purifica- tion of the gaseous and the liquid streams before, during, and after the bioconversion process. The effect of diversified process parameters on the efficiency of biohydrogen generation via biological pro- cesses is a broad object of research. Biomass-based raw materials are often applied in investigations regarding biohydrogen generation using...
-
Positron Scattering and Annihilation in Organic Molecules
PublicationIn this paper, we address the problem of connecting positron lifetimes in liquids with collision cross sections in gases. We present the analyses of annihilation lifetime spectra of positrons in the liquid benzene, c-hexane, n-hexane, methanol and ethanol and calculations of scattering cross sections of positrons with benzene and c-hexane in the gas phase.
-
Synchronic digital stereophotography and photogrammetric analyses in monitoring the flow of liquids in open channels
PublicationThe authors present the results of their research into photogrammetric documents based on synchronic digital images. Examples presented in the paper indicate the value of synchronic stereophotography in registering phenomena connected with liquids. Combining synchronic stereophotography with photogrammetric methods has allowed the authors to develop an application useful for monitoring the flow of a liquid in an open channel.
-
Thermodynamic study of binary mixtures of toluene with ionic liquids, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide
PublicationDensities, refractive indices and viscosities at 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, 308.15 and 313.15 K of binary mixtures of toluene with 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide have been measured over the miscible region at p = 0.1 MPa. From the experimental data, values of excess molar volume,...
-
Use of pyridinium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids for removal of toluene from gas streams
PublicationSeparation of toluene from a toluene/N2 gas mixture using supported liquid membranes based on a series of pyridinium (1-butylpyridinium- bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide - [C4Py][Tf2N], 1-hexylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfone [C6Py][Tf2N]) and pyrrolidinium (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide - [C4Pyrr][Tf2N], 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide - [C6Pyrr][Tf2N], 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium...
-
Comparative evaluation of different methods for determining phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in products containing betalains - Verification of beetroot samples
PublicationThis study presents methods that can be used to assess the health quality of products containing betalains. The paper compares and verifies data on the phytochemical composition of three different pigmented beetroot cultivars using spectrophotometric, HPLC-DAD, HPTLC and LC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS techniques. Additionally, we compared the total antioxidant activity in both the cell-free and cellular systems. Betalain contribution to antioxidant...
-
SURFACTANTS IN KLODNICA RIVER (KATOWICE, POLAND). PART I. LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE SULPHONATES (LAS)
PublicationSurfactants are a group of compounds with specific physico-chemical properties and therefore they are used in many spheres of human activity. Surface-active substances undergo various physico-chemical transformations, what enables their migration between different elements of the environment and may lead to its pollution. Selected anionic surfactants were determined in samples of water from the Klodnica river (25 samples) and bottom...
-
Smartphone-based digital image colorimetry for the determination of total capsaicinoid content in chili pepper extracts
PublicationA simple smartphone-based digital image colorimetry was proposed for the determination of total capsaicinoid content and the assessment of chili pepper pungency. The biobased solvent D-limonene was used for the first time to isolate analytes. Capsaicinoids were efficiently separated from chili pepper by solid-liquid extraction with D-limonene followed by partitioning of the analytes into the ammonium hydroxide solution to eliminate...
-
Energy and valuable organic products recovery from anaerobic processes
PublicationChapter 8 contains: Introduction, Energy balance in wastewater treatment plants and potential energy recovery, Potential valuable products recovery, Anaerobic processes focused on liquid products recovery; Anaerobic digestion (AD) processes focused on gaseous products recovery, Processes enhancing energy and valuable organic products recovery, Conclusions and perspectives. Anaerobic processes offer different pathways for the recovery...
-
Tuning the extraction properties of ionogel-coated Solid-phase microextraction fibers based on the solvation properties of the ionic liquids
PublicationA silica-based network was used to immobilize ionic liquid-based ionogels and applied as a fiber coating forsolid-phase microextraction (SPME). The ionogels were prepared by a sol–gel process, using two ionic liquids,triethylsulfonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Set3][TFSI]) and 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(tri-fluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C4C1Pip][TFSI]), as well as their equimolar mixture. Methyltrimethoxysilane wasused...
-
Ionogel sorbent coatings for determining organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in water and fresh juice samples by headspace-solid phase microextraction
PublicationThe sol–gel method yielded three different ionogel sorbent coatings that were obtained based on a silica material containing ionic liquids (ILs) immobilized in its pores. Two ILs, triethylsulfonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [Set3][TFSI] and 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C4C1Pip][TFSI], as well as their equimolar mixture [Set3/C4C1Pip], were used to obtain ionogel fibers. The developed...
-
RP-HPLC WITH DETECTION BY MEANS OF ESI-MS AND UV FOR IDENTIFICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC PEAKS OF SOME HYDROXY DERIVATIVES OF EPOXY RESIN
PublicationThe composition of products synthesized on the basis of ED-24 epoxy resin has been studied using a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography followed by an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/ESI-MS). The synthesized products contain free hydroxy groups and such groups, as epoxy, peroxy, carboxy or acrylate.
-
Flow visualization and heat transfer investigations on the flat plate with streamwise pressure gradient
PublicationPaper presents experimental investigations results for film cooling on a flat plate. The main objective of the design is the streamwise pressure distribution on the flat plate as in the blade cascade. The transient and steady-state technique with liquid crystals for the surface temperature distribution with film cooling has been used in experiments in a low speed wind tunnel.
-
Influence of the internal electrolyte composition on amperometric sulphur dioxide sensor properties
PublicationIn this work amperometric sulphur dioxide sensor with a liquid electrolyte, a mercury sulphate reference electrode and solid polymer electrolyte (Nafion) covered with gold as a working electrode will be presented. The main goal of this research is to determine the influence of internal electrolyte composition on the sensor properties. Sensor filled with 1M and 5M sulphuric acid has been investigated.
-
Influence of the internal electrolyte composition on amperometric sulphur dioxide sensor properties
PublicationIn this work investigation of an amperometric sulphur dioxide sensor with a liquid electrolyte, a mercury sulphate reference electrode and solid polymer electrolyte (Nafion) covered with gold as a working electrode properties is presented. The main goal of this research is to determine the influence of internal electrolyte composition on the sensor properties. Sensor filled with 1M and 5M sulphuric acid has been studied.
-
Analiza wpływu transmisji danych na jakość działania rozproszonych systemów sterowania
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z transmisją danych w rozproszonych systemach sterowania. Opisano cechy charakterystyczne przemysłowych sieci i protokołów informatycznych. Utworzono model rozproszonego systemu sterowania poziomem cieczy w zbiorniku, w którym komunikacja oparta została na protokole Modbus RTU. Na podstawie zmian parametrów transmisji danych wykazano, że poprawna komunikacja pomiędzy elementami systemu...
-
Multi-Technique Investigation of Grave Robes from 17th and 18th Century Crypts Using Combined Spectroscopic, Spectrometric Techniques, and New-Generation Sequencing
PublicationThe textile fragments of the funeral clothes found in the 17th and 18th century crypts were subjected to spectroscopic, spectrometric, and microbial investigation. The next-generation sequencing enabled DNA identification of microorganisms at the genus and in five cases to the species level. The soft hydrofluoric acid extraction method was optimized to isolate different classes of dyes from samples that had direct contact with...
-
A multi-analytical approach to the characterization of natural organic dyestuffs and inorganic substrates present in the 19th-century artistic oil paints manufactured by a French art materials supplier Richard Aines
PublicationThis paper presents a comprehensive analysis of artistic paints produced in the 19th century by a French art materials supplier Richard Ain`es. Improved mild extraction with hydrofluoric acid enabled the observation of intact organic dyes. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with diode-array and mass spectrometry detection was utilised for the identification of 35 dyes present in yellow and red paint samples, and in selected plant...
-
A hierarchical porous composite magnetic sorbent of reduced graphene oxide embedded in polyvinyl alcohol cryogel for solvent‐assisted‐solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PublicationA hierarchical porouscomposite magnetic sorbent was fabricated and applied tothe dispersive solvent-assisted solid-phase extraction of five polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons. A sorbent was first prepared by incorporating graphene oxide,calcium carbonate, and magnetite nanoparticles into a polyvinyl alcohol cryo-gel. The graphene oxide was converted to reduced graphene oxide using ascorbicacid and a hierarchical porous structure was...