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Search results for: acoustic emission (ae)
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Lanthanide ions (Eu3+, Er3+, Pr3+) as luminescence and charge carrier centers in Sr2TiO4
PublicationA series of strontium orthotitanate (Sr2TiO4) samples doped with 2% of a mole of europium, praseodymium, and erbium were obtained using the solid-state synthesis method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique confirms the phase purity of all samples and the lack of the influence of dopants at a given concentration on the structure of materials. The optical properties indicate, in the case of Sr2TiO4:Eu3+, two independent emission...
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Deep Eutectic Solvents: Properties and Applications in CO2 Separation
PublicationNowadays, many researchers are focused on finding a solution to the problem of global warming. Carbon dioxide is considered to be responsible for the “greenhouse” effect. The largest global emission of industrial CO2 comes from fossil fuel combustion, which makes power plants the perfect point source targets for immediate CO2 emission reductions. A state-of-the-art method for capturing carbon dioxide is chemical absorption using...
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Biocomposites from recycled resources as candidates for laboratory reference material to validate analytical tools used in organic compounds emissions investigation
PublicationA suitably chosen reference material should meet specific criteria like representing one of the compound classes most commonly occurring in indoor materials as well as having optimal long-term stability during storage and transport to its destination point and having a compact size. The described interdisciplinary pilot research was aimed to develop and characterize a polymer-based candidate for the laboratory reference material...
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Multibeam Sonar Data Processing for Seafloor Classification
PublicationDespite many years of the development of methodology for sensing the seafloor by means of underwater acoustics, the currently used techniques are still not mature enough and not ready to be utilised in numerous different (i.e. with respect to a water region character, used equipment type etc.) tasks. Therefore the hydroacoustic methods, both utilising vertical observations (e.g. by singlebeam echosounders), as well as those relying...
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Communication Platform for Evaluation of Transmitted Speech Quality
PublicationA voice communication system designed and implemented is described. The purpose of the presented platform was to enable a series of experiments related to the quality assessment of algorithms used in the coding and transmitting of speech. The system is equipped with tools for recording signals at each stage of processing, making it possible to subject them to subjective assessments by listening tests or, objective evaluation employing...
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Przegląd metod pomiaru temperatury przewodów linii napowietrznych wysokiego napięcia
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono przegląd metod pomiaru temperatury napowietrznych linii wysokiego napięcia stosowanych w celu poprawy niezawodności eksploatacji i w celu wyznaczania dopuszczalnej obciążalności linii. Omówiono system DOL dynamicznej obciążalności linii oraz bezdotykowe metody pomiaru temperatury: pomiar z użyciem pasywnych czujników SAW (ang. Surface acoustic wave sensor), DTS (distributed temperature sensing) z wykorzystaniem...
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Observing its long-term effects on a short-term, multi-day evaluation of the effectiveness of hearing aid use
PublicationThe main objective of the research study was to develop a method for evaluating the effectiveness of hearing protection with hearing aids tailored to the needs and prevailing conditions in the acoustic environments where the elderly most often reside. The method was also intended to estimate the benefits of hearing aids and allow prediction of such an effect based on a short-term trial. It is noteworthy that a short-term evaluation...
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Rational Use of Primary Energy in Single-Family Residential Houses
PublicationThis work presents results of the primary energy use for heating residential single-family house. Analysis includes domestic hot water system (DHW) and heating, ventilation and air condition system (HVAC). During researches the conventional and alternative energy sources (natural gas, biomass, fuel oil, bituminous coal, lignite or electric energy obtained from electric power system – EPS) were used in DHW and HVAC systems. Furthermore...
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Design of horizontal axis wind and water turbines
PublicationThe basic hydrodynamic principles of horizontal axis turbines are presented. Computational methods based on vortex theory for design of such turbines and for calculation of their hydro or aerodynamic characteristics are described in detail. These methods are applicable both to wind and water turbines. The influence of detailed turbine geometry on its characteristics is presented. Several practical computational examples of different...
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Formation of OH Radicals as Evidence of Intramolecular Hydrogen Migration in Cation-Induced Dissociation of Furan Molecules
PublicationWe present the experimental results on a hydrogen atom migration preceding fragmentation of the furan molecules induced by the H3+ and C+ impact. The excited OH(A2Σ+) radical has been detected among the furan decomposition products using collision-induced emission spectroscopy. However, the OH moiety is absent in the furan ring skeleton, so detecting the OH(A2Σ+→X2Π) luminescence indicates the intramolecular H atom relocation prior...
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The Doppler effect in a bistatic system for determining the position of moving targets
PublicationThe article presents the theoretical analysis and the results of numerical calculations of the Doppler effect it occurs in a system designed to determine the position and speed of a moving target. The transmitter is the source of the signal and it emits a sinusoidal, acoustic and continuous wave. Signal reflected off a moving target is received by four hydrophones. Based on the signals, four Doppler shifts are determined and inserted...
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Sound Field Intensity Measurements and Visualization around the Human Head Model . Rozkłąd natężenia pola akustycznego w komorze bezechowej obecności sztucznej głowy i w przypadku braku jej obecności
PublicationThe main goal of this research study was to measure and visualize sound field intensity distribution in and without presence of the human head model. Measurements were performed in the anechoic chamber with the 5 cm grid. Experimental setup consisted of a multitone generator, two loudspeakers, human head model, intensimetric probe, the Cartesian robot applied for precise positioning of the acoustic sensor, and an analyzer. Based...
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Marine Fuel Sulphur Limit Impact on Air Pollution
PublicationThe article presents calculation of Sulphur oxides percentage drop rate in marine industry recorded after 01.01.2020 when new limits, provided by International Maritime Organizations legislation, became effective. Ships’ SOx global emission was estimated and compared between 4th quarter 2019 and 1st quarter 2020. For more accurate estimation 3 seaside cities with big harbors were selected for statistical analysis. Noticeable...
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Silver complexes stabilized by large silanethiolate ligands – crystal structures and luminescence properties
PublicationBulky silanethiolate and disiladithiolate ligands were applied to synthesize one mononuclear and three trinuclear silver complexes including two cyclic “microclusters” and a linear tri-nuclear silanethiolate complex. All obtained compounds are characterized by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR. NMR and emission spectroscopies were used where possible. The first trinuclear anionic silver thiolate is structurally characterized. The influence...
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Terminal charging scheduling of battery electric buses based on vehicle routing problem
PublicationElectric buses are considered to be a viable solution for reducing emission in dense urban areas. However, the greater charging time is a huge challenge for operators. In this paper, charging scheduling method was elaborated based on vehicle routing problem using mixed-integer linear programming model. The main novelty of the paper is the combination of modelling aspect, namely flexible turn sequence and heterogeneous shared charging...
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Atmospheric opacity estimation based on IWV derived from GNSS observations for VLBI applications
PublicationThermal emission of atmospheric water vapor has a great influence on the calibration of radio astronomical observations at millimeter wavelengths. The phenomenon of an atmospheric water vapor emits noise signal and attenuates astronomical emission. At 22 GHz, integrated water vapor (IWV) obtained from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) is strictly related to atmospheric opacity (τ0), which is a crucial parameter for data...
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Laboratory station for research of the innovative dry method of exhaust gas desulfurization for an engine powered with residual fuel
PublicationContemporary methods of exhaust gas desulfurization in marine engines are all expensive methods (4-5 million euro). This is, among other reasons, due to the limited market audience, but primarily due to the monop-olized position of manufacturers offering fabrication and assembly of this type of marine ship installations. Proposed as part of a research project financed by the Regional Fund for Environmental Protection and Maritime...
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Application of mechanistic and data-driven models for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment systems
PublicationIn this dissertation, the application of mechanistic and data-driven models in nitrogen removal systems including nitrification and deammonification processes was evaluated. In particular, the influential parameters on the activity of the Nitrospira activity were assessed using response surface methodology (RSM). Various long-term biomass washout experiments were operated in two parallel sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a different...
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Neutral Dissociation of Pyridine Evoked by Irradiation of Ionized Atomic and Molecular Hydrogen Beams
PublicationThe interactions of ions with molecules and the determination of their dissociation patterns are challenging endeavors of fundamental importance for theoretical and experimental science. In particular, the investigations on bond-breaking and new bond-forming processes triggered by the ionic impact may shed light on the stellar wind interaction with interstellar media, ionic beam irradiations of the living cells, ion-track nanotechnology,...
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Molecular Design Using Selected Concentration Effects in Optically Activated Fluorescent Matrices
PublicationMolecular physics plays a pivotal role in various fields, including medicine, pharmaceuticals, and broader industrial applications. This study aims to enhance the methods for producing specific optically active materials with distinct spectroscopic properties at the molecular level, which are crucial for these sectors, while prioritizing human safety in both production and application. Forensic science, a significant socio-economic...
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A Comparison of Simplified Two-dimensional Flow Models Exemplified by Water Flow in a Cavern
PublicationThe paper shows the results of a comparison of simplified models describing a two-dimensional water flow in the example of a water flow through a straight channel sector with a cavern. The following models were tested: the two-dimensional potential flow model, the Stokes model and the Navier-Stokes model. In order to solve the first two, the boundary element method was employed, whereas to solve the Navier-Stokes equations, the...
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Underwater Navigation System Based on Doppler Shifts of a Continuous Wave
PublicationThe paper describes a concept of an underwater navigation system designed to determine the location and speed of its ROVs or divers. Conducted by the Department of Marine Electronic Systems at the Gdansk University of Technology for several years, research has focused on navigation systems which determine positions on the basis of Doppler shifts of echo signals reflected from a moving object. This article presents a different version...
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HYDROACOUSTIC NOISE MEASUREMENTS
PublicationThe paper deals mainly with investigation of underwater noise that propagation is in shallow water. In this paper has been presented the experimental investigation results concerning the distribution of the sound field pressure generated by moving ships in the shallow water at the small distance from the ship. The main acoustical characteristics describing features of the field are spectrograms in pseudo 3D system – distance and frequency...
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Study of Noise Propagation for Small Vessels
PublicationThe paper presents the results of the noise propagation analysis in ship structures tested in a number of AHTS (Anchor Handling Tug Supply) vessels. Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) based on numerical model developed specially for the purpose of this numerical investigation were conducted. This numerical model enabled the analysis of both the structural elements and the acoustic spaces. For the detailed studies 47 points fixed...
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Source-related Wavefields in Fluids and Dielectrics: A new way of Thinking about Medium Dynamics
PublicationAcoustic and electromagnetic wave phenomena may seem to have a proper formal representation in field theory dating from the 19th century, founded on the mathematics of complex functions. This paper shows, however, that when replacing the classical spectrum-domain approach related to the assumption of harmonic timeform of signals, with a time-domain approach imposingnorestrictionastotheclassoftimeevolutionofsourceandfieldsignals,...
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DME as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines – a review
PublicationThe ecological issues and the depletion of crude oil, has led the researchers to seeking for non-petroleum based alternative fuels, along with more advanced combustion technologies, and after-treatment systems. The use of clean alternative fuels is the one of the most perspective method that aiming at resolving of the said issues. One of the promising alternative fuels that can be used as a clean highefficiency compression ignition...
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Influence of Thermal Decomposition of Wood and Wood-Based Materials on the State of the Atmospheric Air. Emissions of Toxic Compounds and Greenhouse Gases
PublicationThis paper presents the energy characteristics of wood and wood-based materials in the form of commercially available pellets, furniture board (MDF) and OSB. Toxicometric indices were determined for gaseous destructs arising from thermal decomposition and combustion of the materials studied. The paper proves that combustion conditions are crucial in terms of toxic destructive emissions. It has been shown that the combustion of...
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Optoelectronic system for investigation of cvd diamond/DLC layers growth
PublicationDevelopment of the optoelectronic system for non-invasive monitoring of diamond/DLC (Diamond-Like-Carbon) thin films growth during μPA ECR CVD (Microwave Plasma Assisted Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapour Deposition) process is described. The system uses multi-point Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and long-working-distance Raman spectroscopy. Dissociation of H2 molecules, excitation and ionization of hydrogen atoms...
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Fluctuation-enhanced scent sensing using a single gas sensor
PublicationScent or aroma sensing during aromatherapy can be carried out by applying only a single resistance gas sensor (TGS - Taguchi Gas Sensors). This paper considers the efficiency of detection of essential oils by DC resistance and its fluctuations observed in TGS sensors. A detailed study has been conducted for scents emitted by five popular essential oils using three sensor types (TGS 2600, TGS 2602, TGS 823). The research was focused...
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Photophysics and Halide Quenching of Soret-excited ZnTPPS4- in Aqueous Media
PublicationSteady state S2-S0 and S1-S0 absorption and emission spectra and picosecond S2 decay and S1 fluorescence rise times have been measured for the model porphyrin ZnTPPS4− in water and in aqueous iodide solutions of constant ionic strength. The dynamics of S1 quenching by iodide are well-modeled by a Stern-Volmer mechanism yielding kQ = 1.75 × 109 M−1 s−1. The S2 state is quenched on a ps time scale by a static electron-transfer mechanism...
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Local Dye Concentration and Spectroscopic Properties of Monomer−Aggregate Systems in Hybrid Porous Nanolayers
PublicationAnalysis of absorption, fluorescence, and time-resolved emission spectra of rhodamine 6G in hybrid porous nanolayers at high dye concentration allowed identification of two fluorescent species: monomers and fluorescent aggregates. The method of determination of mean local concentration of aggregates in matrices is proposed based on the energy transfer process between monomers and fluorescent aggregates. Evaluation of aggregate...
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Mercury in Living Organisms: Sources and Forms of Occurrence, Bioaccumulation, and Determination Methods
PublicationMercury (Hg) is a heavy metal with well-known and broadly tested toxicity. Since Hg pollution and its impacts on human health are of global concern, it has become necessary to develop analytical methodologies that will provide tools to obtain reliable analytical information about the levels of Hg in samples, which very often have a complex matrix composition. This chapter summarizes key information on Hg and its chemical forms,...
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Reducing Air Pollutant Emissions from the Residential Sector by Switching to Alternative Energy Sources in Single-Family Homes
PublicationThe paper discusses a scenario for adapting residential buildings to the requirements of the EU climate and energy package. It analyzes the option of reducing pollutant emissions to ambient air by switching to alternative energy sources in a typical single-family residential building. The most common sources of energy in central heating and ventilation systems and water heating systems were compared, and the analyzed energy carriers...
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MSIS sonar image segmentation method based on underwater viewshed analysis and high-density seabed model
PublicationHigh resolution images of Mechanically Scanned Imaging Sonars can bring detailed representation of underwater area if favorable conditions for acoustic signal to propagate are provided. However to properly asses underwater situation based solely on such data can be challenging for less than proficient interpreter. In this paper we propose a method to enhance interpretative potential of MSIS image by dividing it in to subareas depending...
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Searching of the buried objects into the sea bottom by means of nonlinear acouctic methods
PublicationThe main goal of this paper is to introduce the methodology of preparing the area for investigations that will be carried out at the sea. As the first step there is recognition of the basic method both in the theory as well as experimental investigation. There were taken into account the nonlinear methods. These ones are very promising methods that have very interesting features, very convenient for examinations of the seabed structure....
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Quality Evaluation of Novel DTD Algorithm Based on Audio Watermarking
PublicationEcho cancellers typically employ a doubletalk detection (DTD) algorithm in order to keep the adaptive filter from diverging in the presence of near-end speech signal or other disruptive sounds in the microphone signal. A novel doubletalk detection algorithm based on techniques similar to those used for audio signal watermarking was introduced by the authors. The application of the described DTD algorithm within acoustic echo cancellation...
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Transmission parameters of underwater communication channels
PublicationThe underwater environment is tough and demanding as a communication channel for ultrasonic signals. The channel transmission characteristics in marine and inland waters depend much on local bathymetry and changing weather conditions. The architecture and performance of a reliable underwater acoustic communication (UAC) system should allow real-time adaptation of its transmission parameters to a large variety of possible channel...
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Optimizing of target detection and tracking processes realized on consoles of passive sonar with linear towed antenna
PublicationThe long-range passive towed sonar was first modernised a few years ago. Building on operator experience over that period, a concept was developed of optimising the tasks performed by sonar operators, and improving forms of imaging to inform about object detection and support object tracking. The concept was implemented and successfully tested during ships’ manoeuvres. The optimisation of operator tasks was designed to keep listening...
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Receiver of Doppler multistatic system for moving target detection and tracking
PublicationThe article presents a method for solving major structural problems that occur in the receiver used in the multistatic Doppler system, aimed at determination of the trajectory and velocity of a moving target. In the system two transmitters emit acoustic continuous sinusoidal waves at different frequencies. The signals, scattered from a moving target are received by four hydrophones. Beside of the echoes, much larger signals coming...
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Finite Element Method Applied in Electromagnetic NDTE: - A Review
PublicationThe paper contains an original comprehensive review of finite element analysis (FEA) applied by researchers to calibrate and improve existing and developing electromagnetic non-destructive testing and evaluation techniques, including but not limited to magnetic flux leakage (MFL), eddy current testing, electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMATs). Premium is put on the detection and modelling of magnetic field, as the vast majority...
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Implementation of DIFAR Processing in ASW Dipping Sonar
PublicationThis paper presents the implementation of the signal processing algorithm used by buoy DIFAR (Directional Frequency Analysis and Recording), that is fully operational on Polish Navy anti-submarine warfare (ASW) helicopters and ships, applied to dipping sonars for detection and tracking of submarines. The development of the DSP algorithms was a part of the modernization of sonars conducted at the Gdansk University of Technology....
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Instantaneous Heating and Cooling Caused by Periodic or Aperiodic Sound of Any Characteristic Duration in a Gas with Vibrational Relaxation
PublicationThermodynamic relaxation of internal degrees of a molecule's freedom in a gas occurs with some characteristic time. This makes wave processes in a gas behave differently depending on the ratio of characteristic duration of perturbations and the relaxation time. In particular, generation of the secondary non-wave modes by intense sound in a nonlinear flow dependens on frequency. These kinds of interaction are considered in this...
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Vortex flow caused by periodic and aperiodic sound in a relaxing maxwell fluid
PublicationThis paper concerns the description of vortex flow generated by periodic and aperiodic sound in relaxing Maxwell fluid. The analysis is based on governing equation of vorticity mode, which is a result of decomposition of the hydrodynamic equations for fluid flow with relaxation and thermal conductivity into acoustical and non-acoustical parts. The equation governing vorticity mode uses only instantaneous, not averaged over sound...
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Method for the correlation coefficient estimation of the bottom echo signal in the shallow water application using interferometric echo sounder
PublicationThe article presents a new method for the assessment of bottom echo correlation coefficient in the presence of multiple echoes. Bottom correlation coefficient is a parameter that characterizes spatial properties of echo signal. Large variability of the bottom shape or properties (for example caused by the presence of bottom objects) and the presence of the acoustic shadow strongly influence the value of the correlation coefficient....
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Conditions for Multiple Acquisition of Echoes from Stationary Targets in Successive Transmissions of Active Sonars
PublicationIn echolocation, the highest possible number of contacts with a detected target is clearly decisive on the possibilities of echo processing to optimise the estimation of distinctive characteristics of the observed target. In hydrolocation, the slow propagation of acoustic waves in water reduces the number of contacts of echosounders and sonars with detected targets. The article considers model conditions for acquiring multiple...
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A tool for designing water tanks for measuring hydroacoustic transducers
PublicationSpecial water tanks are commonly used to measure the parameters of underwater acoustic systems. They must meet specific requirements, the fulfilment of which ensures very small but acceptable measurement errors. These requirements define the size of the tank and its shape as well as the strong attenuation of reflected waves. At the design stage, it is necessary to determine the impact of the tank structure on the measurement errors...
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Formation of CN (B2∑+) radicals in the vacuum-ultraviolet photodissociation of pyridine and pyrimidine molecules
PublicationFormation of the excited CN(B2∑+) free radicals in the photodissociation of pyridine (C5H5N) and pyrimidine (C4H4N2) molecules was investigated over the energy ranges 16–27 and 14.7–25 eV, respectively. Photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy was applied to detect the vibrationally and rotationally excited CN radicals by recording the B2∑+→X2∑+ emission bands (violet system). The measured dissociation yield curves demonstrate...
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OCENA WŁAŚCIWOŚCI STALI STOSOWANEJ W STARYCH OBIEKTACH KOLEJOWYCH
PublicationThe scope of the paper is to give an introduction to the assessment subject matter of steel properties used in old railway bridges. The mechanical and chemical properties of construction steel extracted from old steel bridges are generally investigated by tensile tests, impact tests through the Charpy pendulum impact V-notch, and an optical emission spectrometer. Besides descriptions of the tests, the chosen chemical and mechanical...
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A pin-on-disc study of airborne wear particle emissions from studded tyre on concrete road contacts
PublicationStudded tyres wear surfaces of winter roads, generating inhalable airborne particles. In this study, four concrete road materials and two stud geometries were investigated in terms of wear, road material hardness and airborne particle concentration. The sliding contact between studded tyres and road materials was studied using a pin-on-disc machine in a clean chamber. The results show that the normal load and the stud size have...
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Solvent influence on the crystal structures of new cadmium tri-tert -butoxysilanethiolate complexes with 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine: luminescence and antifungal activity
PublicationMonocrystals of dinuclear -1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine-4N1,N10:N4,N40-bis[bis(tri-tert-butoxysilanethiolato-S)cadmium(II)], [Cd2(C12H27O3SSi)4(C10-H24N4)] or [Cd2{SSi(OtBu)3}4(-BAPP)], 1, and polynuclear catena-poly[[bis-(tri-tert-butoxysilanethiolato-S)cadmium(II)]--1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine-2N10:N40], [Cd(C12H27O3SSi)2(C10H24N4)]n or [Cd{SSi(OtBu)3}2(-BAPP)]n,2, with 1,4-bis(3-aminopropyl)piperazine (BAPP)...