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Search results for: Wood
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Methods of determining cutting forces during woodcutting
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono podstawowe metody określania sił przy przecinaniu drewna, które ulegały modyfikacjom wraz z postępem wynikającym z badań nad tym procesem. Przedstawione metody podzielono na dwie grupy: podejście klasyczne oraz nowatorskie podejście z zastosowaniem mechaniki pękania, które uwzględniają różne własności mające wpływ na proces przecinania. Podejście klasyczne reprezentują metody opierające się na właściwym...
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Study on products of enzymatic hydrolysis of pulp from poplar wood (Populus alba L.) Badanie produktów hydrolizy enzymatycznej masy celulozowej pozyskanej z drewna topoli (Populus alba L.)
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The yield of model hydrolysis and fermentation in the technology of bioethanol production from poplar wood (Populus sp.) Wydajność procesów hydrolizy i fermentacji w technologii wytwarzania bioetanolu z drewna topoli (Populus sp.)
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Effect of furfural on the enzyme activity during enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose isolated from poplar wood (Populus sp.) Wpływ furfuralu na aktywność enzymu podczas hydrolizy celulozy wyodrębnionej z drewna topoli (Populus sp.)
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Revisiting the estimation of cutting power with different energetic methods while sawing soft and hard woods on the circular sawing machine: a Central European case
PublicationIn the classical approaches, used in Central Europe in practice, cutting forces and cutting power in sawing processes of timber are commonly computed by means of the specific cutting resistance kc. It needs to be highlighted that accessible sources in handbooks and the scientific literature do not provide any data about wood provenance, nor about cutting conditions, in which cutting resistance has been empirically determined. In...
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The Effect of Steaming Beech, Birch and Maple Woods on Qualitative Indicators of the Surface
PublicationThis work presents the effect of steaming beech, birch and maple woods on the resulting quality of the milled wood surface. The steaming process of the studied woods results in a targeted change in the color of the wood, which changes from the original light white-gray color to fine reddishbrown to dark brown color shades that are more or less saturated depending on the temperature of the saturated water steam. The color changes...
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The heritage of wooden architecture in Poland
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia dziedzictwo polskiej architektury drewnianej, granicah obecnych. Obejmuje okres historyczny od powstania do dnia dzisiejszego. Wyodrebniono jako osobny problem ochrony dziedzictwa w ujęciu konserwatorskim oraz rolę skansenów - muzeów na swiezym powietrzu. Opracowanie dotyczy zarówno architektury jak i wnętrz obiektów.
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INDIVIDUAL TREE DETECTION FROM UAV LIDAR DATA IN A MIXED SPECIES WOODLAND
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DSC and electrophoretic studies on protein denaturation of Anodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834)
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Non-destructive Testing of Wooden Elements
PublicationExamining the condition of wooden elements is crucial from the perspective of proper structure performance. If the deterioration in the internal wood condition, which displays no symptoms visible from the outside, is detected, the further spread of the deterioration can be prevented. Test results often point to the necessity of conducting repairs and, renovations, replacing the structure of wooden beams, or even substituting a...
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Wooden masterwork of saline in Ciechocinek, Poland
PublicationRys historyczny Saliny Ciechocińskiej. Analiza wartości kulturowych i społeczno-ekonomicznych działającej warzelni soli wraz z zespołem tężni drewnianych z 1827/1859.
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Self-defence work of wooden construction
PublicationTrwałość konstrukcji drewnianych, prawidłowo zaprojektowanych i wykonanych zależy przede wszystkim od sposobu ich użytkowania. Brak okresowych remontów może doprowadzić do zniszczenia struktury drewna na skutek korozji biologicznej. Konsekwencją tego są nadmierne przemieszczenia konstrukcji lub utrata jej stateczności a więc zagrożenia awaryjne.
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Segmented bio-based polyurethane composites containing powdered cellulose obtained from novel bio-based diisocyanate mixtures
PublicationA considerable number of research works focus on the positive influence of cellulose on the properties of polymer-based composites and their wide range of application possibilities. The present work is focused on the synthesis of novel bio-based polyurethane (bio-PU) composites filled with powdered cellulose (microcellulose, MC) in an amount of 5 wt.%. Bio-PU composites were synthesized via a non-solvent prepolymer method. First,...
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The critical rotational speed of circular saw: simple measurement method and its practical implementations.
PublicationProducenci pił tarczowych są zobligowani do podawania ich dopuszczalnych prędkości obrotowych. Jednakże, umieszczane przez nich prędkości na piłach są często bliskie prędkościom krytycznym lub je przewyższają. Przecinanie takimi narzędziami może być więc niebezpieczne dla obsługującego. Praca przedstawia prostą metodologię wyznaczania prędkości obrotowych krytycznych pił tarczowych. Badania były prowadzone z wykorzystaniem technik...
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Biopolyols obtained via microwave-assisted liquefaction of lignin: structure, rheological, physical and thermal properties
PublicationThe present study examined the application of polyols obtained via microwave-assisted liquefaction of lignin in the production of rigid polyurethane foam. Lignin was liquefed in crude glycerol and 1,4-butanediol at diferent temperatures (130–170 °C), without a catalyst and using various biomass concentrations (15 and 30 wt%). The physicochemical properties, process yield, and FTIR-based identifcation of the obtained polyols were...
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Modelling of heat and mass transfer through wooden buildings
PublicationThe aim of this review paper is to examine the most recent available studies dealing with theoretical, numerical and experimental aspects related to modelling of heat and mass transfer through wooden buildings. The main thermophysical, mechanical and hygrometric properties of wood are firstly discussed. Then, the basic governing equations of heat and mass transfer phenomena are presented. A detailed description of the physical...
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Numerical analysis of the carpentry joints applied in the traditional wooden structures
PublicationThe paper concerns the numerical analysis of the carpentry joints made from spruce wood. The material parameters of the wood have been calculated on the basis of nine independent material constants (an orthotropic material). The contact zone between the individual elements of the connection has been determined using Contact Tables in the MSC.Marc software. Five types of carpentry joints have been analyzed. The main aim of the research...
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Timber - material of the future. Examples of small wooden architecture structures.
PublicationThe aim of this article is to present various types of wood-based products, classified as engineered timber, while specifying the implications of their structural properties for their forms. Timber is used as a construction material due to its fire resistance, good structural characteristics and insulating properties. The advent of new technologies of wood processing and wood-based materials production has converted timber into...
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The role of a planned management in the protection and preservation of wooden architecture
PublicationArtykul dokumentuje role i zasady ochrony dziedzictwa architektury drewnianej przy uzyciu nowego instruumentu jakim jest plan zarzadzania obiektem zabytkowym. Przedstawione zostalo w powiazaniu z Planem Zarzadzania Koscioła Gotyckiego w Mariance koło Pasłeka, wykonanego we wspolpracy Politechniki Gdańskiej oraz SBH ICOMOS, PKN ICOMOS.
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Re-use of historic wooden verandas in Sopot, Poland
PublicationSopot is the best-known seaside resort in Poland. The city is unique with regard not only to its location and natural values, but also its interesting architecture, which dates back to the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Wooden verandas are one of the characteristic features of Sopot architecture. Their origin is associated with the Swiss style, which was fashionable at the turn of the 20th century and quite...
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Correlational nutritional relationships and interactions between expansive holoparasite Orobanche laxissima and woody hosts on metal-rich soils
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Selected aspects of the surface quality of the wooden elements after planing
PublicationThe quality of the surface of wooden elements, that have been planed, has got a crucial meaning in the whole production process flow, since the obtained effects affect the quality of wooden surface after painting. The emergence of defects in most cases causes need to qualify workpiece as a scrap part or additional work activity must be done. In the paper selected results of the investigation of the effect of the cutting tool wear...
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Analysis of surface roughness of chemically impregnated Scots pine processed using frame-sawing machine
PublicationThe objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the impregnation process of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) on roughness parameters of the surface processed on a frame sawing. The samples weredried and impregnated using a commercial procedure by a local company. The touch method withthe use of measuring stylus (pin) was employed to determine of surface roughness of the samplesconsidering parameters, namely, arithmetical...
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Report for the Short Term Scientific Mission within COST Action FP1101: development of the in-field sensor for estimation of fracture toughness and shear strength by measuring cutting forces
PublicationKnowledge on the fracture properties of materials is essential to assure structural integrity and proper design of mechanical connections in timber constructions. Measurement of this property is, however, a very challenging task. The linear fracture mechanics is usually used for its assessment assisted with experimental data acquired by means of various techniques, usually of destructive nature. The cutting force is an energetic...
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Assessment of Wooden Beams from Historical Buildings Using Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography
PublicationThe main goal of this study was non-destructive evaluation of wooden elements using ultrasonic waves. The inspection was carried out on wooden beams from a historical object. Elastic wave signals were processed by ultrasonic transmission tomography to obtain imaging of the internal structure of tested elements without disturbing their state and integrity. The focus was on the influence of wood anisotropy on the propagation of ultrasonic...
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Influence of finishing colour on the efficiency of automated production line for wooden doors
PublicationPorta KMI Poland S.A. company has implemented a fully automated intelligent technological line TechnoPORTA for customized mass-production of technical door leaves. Each door leaf is provided with a unique QR code. It allows the line modules to individually adjust the machining parameters to the currently processed element according to the IT controlling system. Before en-tering the TechnoPorta line, the door leaves are not sorted,...
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Experimental Study on Dynamics of Wooden House Wall Panels with Different Thermal Isolation
PublicationWood frame buildings are very popular in regions that are exposed to different dynamic excitations including earthquakes. Therefore, their seismic resistance is really important in order to prevent structural damages and human losses. The aim of the present paper is to show the results of experimental tests focused on the dynamic response of wall panels of a wooden frame building with thermal isolation made of mineral wool and...
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Cutting model parameters from frame sawing of natural and impregnated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
PublicationIn this paper, absolute and density normalized cutting model parameters of natural and impregnated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are shown and a method for the calculation of their corresponding material properties in the principal material directions of wood is presented. The parameters were determined from measurements of cutting power on a sash gang saw, and are in detail the fracture toughness and the shear yield strength...
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Influence of drying mode and feed per tooth rate on the fine dust creation in pine and beech sawing on a mini sash gang saw
PublicationThe experimental results of the study focused on the effect of drying processes of modified air drying and warm air steam mixture drying of pine and beech wood on the size of sawdust particles created in cutting using PRW-15M sash gang saw, are presented in the paper. Particle size analysis of dry sawdust was performed using two methods—sieving method and laser diffraction analysis. The results showed that the drying process did...
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Using the ultrasonic tomography method to study the condition of wooden beams from historical buildngs
PublicationThe need to evaluate the integrity of wooden structural elements is constantly increasing. Non-destructive methods are becoming more popular in this field of research. One type of non-destructive testing is the ultrasonic imaging method, which allows the analysis of internal wood structures without disturbing their state and integrity. In this study, we are interested in assessing the effect of wood condition on the ultrasound...
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Effect of Washing on the Quality of Surimi-Like Preparation Obtained from Soft Tissue of Freshwater Mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834)
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Insights into modification of lignocellulosic fillers with isophorone diisocyanate: structure, thermal stability and volatile organic compounds emission assessment
PublicationThis study presents an analysis of the structure and properties of different types of lignocellulosic fillers modified by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to provide insights into the possibility of their application to the manufacturing of wood polymer composites (WPCs). Moreover, it deals with the environmental aspects of modified fillers, by assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during modification, as well as...
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Influence of ligno-cellulosic particles on tribological properties of boards
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A Method of Lathe Checks Measurement; SMOF device and its software
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Examination of tools of different materials edge geometry for MDF milling
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Hybrid dynamically balanced saw frame drive
PublicationW pilarkach ramowych, w których rama piłowa jest napędzana poprzez mechanizm korbowy, generowana przez ramę piłową siła bezwładności oddziaływuje na fundament pilarki oraz na jej układ napędowy. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono sposób eliminacji tych niekorzystnych zjawisk. Autorzy zaprezentowali dynamicznie wyrównoważony hybrydowy układ napędu ramy piłowej, w którym występuje akumulator energii kinetycznej przyłączony równolegle...
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Study washboarding phenomenon in fame sawing machines
PublicationPraca dotyczy zjawiska washboarding cechującego się powstawaniem na piłowanej powierzchni sinusoidalnego profilu w przekroju poprzecznym i wzdłużnym. Wzór ten jest efektem drgań poprzecznych piły. Przedstawiono wyniki analiz teoretycznych oraz badań eksperymentalnych, w których wykazano, że zjawisko w przypadku pilarek ramowych jest efektem drgań wymuszonych brzeszczotu oraz regeneracji powstałej fali pierwotnej.
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Process layout planning and optimised product range selection in manufacture of wooden construction sets
PublicationThis paper introduces a systematic deterministic framework for planning and the analysis of facility layouts aimed at manufacturing a variety of parts, as components of specific end products. The essence of the proposed approach lies in the decomposition of a traditional job-shop into layout modules of generic material flow patterns, that inherently yields improved efficiency of the entire system. It entails the use of a relevant...
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Vernacular and neovernacular architecture without a user. Wooden catholic churches in the vicinity of brody in Ukraine.
PublicationOne of the basic theoretical postulates for the protection of monuments is to preserve them in the place of their creation. However, such action is not always possible to implement. The great historical processes of the 20th century led to significant national, political, religious and cultural changes in the border areas between Poland and Ukraine. As a result of those changes, a large number of wooden churches have lost their...
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The methodology for determining of the value of cutting power for cross cutting on optimizing sawing machine
PublicationIn the article the methodology of forecasting the energy effects of the cross-cutting process using the classical method, which takes into account the specific cutting resistance, is presented. The values of cutting power for the cross-cutting process of two types of wood (softwood and hardwood) were forecasted for the optimizing sawing machine with using presented methodology. The cross-cutting process with high values of feed...
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Distinctive properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) originating from the Carpathian and Great Poland-Pomeranian of Nature and Forest Land
PublicationIn this paper values of properties of Scots pine, the fracture toughness and of shear yield stress in the shear zone are presented. Samples of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood of two provenances from Poland were tested. These properties were determined from the values of cutting power obtained experimentally on the saw frame PRW-15M. The values of fracture toughness and shear yield stress based on the Atkins model for cutting...
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Empirical verification in industrial conditions of fracture mechanics models of cutting power prediction
PublicationA comparison of experimental results obtained in the industrial conditions at a sawmill located in the Baltic Natural Forest Region (PL) and theoretical cutting power consumption forecasted with the models which include work of separation (fracture toughness) in addition to plasticity and friction has been described. In computations of cutting power consumption during rip sawing of Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) values of...
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The chromatographic analysis of extracts from poplar (Populus sp.) - Laying program GC-MS
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The Analysis of the distribution of available mesopores in cellulosic pulp, using Inverse Size Exclusion Chromatography-ISEC
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Relationship between saw blade teeth wear and kinematics of frame sawingmachines
PublicationPrzedstawiono rezultaty badań zużycia ostrzy pił trakowych i wpływ kinematyki pilarki ramowej na rozkład zużycia poszczególnych ostrzy pił.
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Parameters of entry and going out of saw blade teeth during cutting with circular saw
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono analizę parametrów wejścia i wyjścia ostrzy przy przecinaniu piłami tarczowymi. Określone zostały parametry kątów natarcia i grubości warstwy skrawanej na wejściu i wyjściu ostrzy z materiału w zależności od kinematyki układu.
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Modes of vibrations occuring in the washboarding phenomenon
PublicationW oparciu o współczesną literaturę oraz wyniki badań własnych przedstawiono teorie zjawiska washboarding dla obróbki na pilarkach taśmowych z użyciem wąskich i szerokich pił. Zaprezentowano również wytłumaczenie wspomnianego zjawiska dla przypadku obróbki na pilarkach ramowych. Poprzez analogię do drgań typu chatter (drgania samowzbudne w obróbce metali) zaproponowano nazwy regenerative washboarding, dla drgań samowzbudnych na...
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Computational method for determining the static stiffness of the saw blade
PublicationW artykule opisano sposób modelowania i obliczeń odkształceń i naprężeń pił tarczowych o złożonej geometrii korpusu z wykorzystaniem komputerowych programów wspomagających projektowania.
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Ultimate distortion of circular saw
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono przyczyny i efekty poprzecznego odkształcenia piły tarczowe. Przedstawiono również zależność, na podstawie której wyznaczyć można graniczną wartość odkształcenia piły tarczowej.
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Comparison of the impact test and the harmonic test in measurements of natural resonant frequencies of circular saw blades
PublicationIn this paper results of measurements of natural resonant frequencies of circular saw blades with the impact test and the harmonic test are presented. Comparison of these two methods revealed that during testing of circular saw blades, in which bodies the open and closed notches (cuts) for cleaning of knives are present, with the harmonic test method it has been observed appearing of quasi-twin resonant frequencies, whereas the...