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Search results for: ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION OF CRUDE OIL OVERHEAD DISTILLATION COLUMN CORROSION HYDROLYSIS OF CHLORIDE SALTS AND ORGANIC CHLORIDES
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Comparison and Optimization of Saccharification Conditions of Alkaline Pre-Treated Triticale Straw for Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Followed by Ethanol Fermentation
PublicationThis paper concerns the comparison of the efficiency of two-stage hydrolysis processes, i.e., alkaline pre-treatment and acid hydrolysis, as well as alkaline pre-treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, carried out in order to obtain reducing sugars from triticale straw. For each of the analyzed systems, the optimization of the processing conditions was carried out with respect to the glucose yield. For the alkaline pre-treatment,...
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Total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) in braised and crude Boletus edulis carpophores during various developmental stages
PublicationWe collected and processed Boletus edulis (King Bolete) carpophores grouped in four batches based on their developmental stage (button stage, young—white, large—white, and large—yellow). The study aimed, for the first time, to examine the B. edulis content and effect of braising and to estimate the intake of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) from a single meal based on whole (wet) weight (ww) and dry weight (dw). In...
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The Application of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) Technique in Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition Studies
Publicationorrosion studies have attracted considerable interest in the areas of materials chemistry and industrial chemistry, as it affects the direct and indirect costs of industry, leading to huge economic setbacks due to the need for repair, maintenance, and even shutdowns due corrosion damage. This new volume is a comprehensive resource that presents new and up-to-date, theoretical, and experimental corrosion inhibition studies.
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Magnetic and capacitive couplings influence on power and energy measurement in double circuit high voltage overhead transmission line
PublicationThe paper discusses influence of magnetic and capacitive couplings on power and energy measurement in case of double circuit high voltage overhead transmission line. There are presented and discussed various factors influencing the power flow among the line‟s circuits. Mathematical model based calculations results are compared to the real transmission line measurements.
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Bifurcation of equilibrium forms of a gas column rotating with constant speed around its axis of symmetry
PublicationWe will be concerned with the problem of deformation of the lateral surface of a column that rotates with constant speed around its axis of symmetry. The column is filled by a gas and our goal is to investigate the deformation of the lateral surface depending on the pressure of the gas.
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Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)/Epoxy Coatings: A Review
PublicationEpoxy coatings are developing fast in order to meet the requirements of advanced materials and systems. Progress in nanomaterial science and technology has opened a new era of engineering for tailoring the bulk and surface properties of organic coatings, e.g., adhesion to the substrate, anti-corrosion, mechanical, flame-retardant, and self-healing characteristics. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a subclass of coordinative polymers...
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Tree rings as an indicator of atmospheric pollutant deposition to subalpine spruce forests in the Sudetes (Southern Poland)
PublicationIn spite of their moderate altitude (1000–1600m a.s.l.), the Western SudetyMountains belong to areas with the most efficient fog precipitation in Europe. Intense industrial activity in the area of windward western foothills caused an exceptional intensification of atmospheric pollutant deposition via precipitation and fog to take place since the 1950s. In the second half of the 1970s a massive spruce forest dieback began affecting...
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DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE CORROSION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM BASED ON ANALYSIS OF ON-LINE CORROSION MONITORING RESULTS
PublicationCorrosion of water distribution system is a significant issue causing problems with quality, safety and continuity of distribution. The changes of corrosion rates of the water distribution systems in Cracow made of carbon steel were investigated by analysis of online corrosion monitoring system results. Corrosion rates were determined using the linear polarization method. The impact of rain, temperatures, conductivity, dissolved...
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Changes of emissions and atmospheric deposition of mercury, lead and cadmium
PublicationPrzedstawiono informacje o zmianach emisji rtęci, ołowiu i kadmu w przeszłości, jak również przedyskutowano poziom aktualnych emisji tych zanieczyszczeń oraz ich scenariusze zmian w przyszłości. Przeanalizowano wpływ różnych parametrów na zmiany emisji w tym stopień implementacji różnych strategii kontroli emisji w Europie. Scenariusze zmian emisji w przyszłości oparte są na scenariuszach rozwoju gospodarczego w poszczególnych...
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Hydrophobic PVDF hollow fiber membranes with narrow pore size distribution and ultra-thin skin for the fresh water production through membrane distillation
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Chicken feather keratin as a source of bioactive peptides useful in prevention of metabolic disorders – in silico and in vitro hydrolysis
PublicationProtein derived bioactive peptides not only serve as nutrients but can also exert drug-like activity, e.g. antidiabetic, antihypertensive, or antimicrobial, to name a few. Most biopeptides have beneficial effects on health that make them attractive for nutraceutical applications. The majority of bioactive peptides have been obtained from food proteins, but protein-rich by-products generated by agriculture...
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Experimental and analytical analysis of punching shear in flat slabs supported on column topped with concrete head
PublicationAn experimental laboraatory test of the two series of slab-column elements topped with drop panels of varying sizes is described in this paper. The scope of the paper is to investigate the influence of the drop panel size and stiffness on the behaviour of the connection between the flat slab and the column topped by the concrete head. The impact of the head size and stiffness is analysed analytically and experimentally. The experimental...
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A review of amide bond formation in microwave organic synthesis
PublicationMicrowave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) is one of the most current trends in organic chemistry. Herein, both the most popular and new approaches in microwave-syntheses of very important linkage in Nature - amide bond - are overviewed and compared with conventional synthetic routes.
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Single-phase product obtained via crude glycerine depolymerisation of polyurethane elastomer: structure characterisation and rheological behaviour
PublicationPolyurethane recycling is a topic of growing interest due to the increasing amount of polyurethanewaste. The main purpose of polyurethane feedstock recycling is to recover the starting polyol, a valuable material. In thiswork, amethod of polyurethane thermo-chemical recycling, glycerolysisbymeansof crude glycerine, is proposed. Themaineffort is focusedonthe employment of crude glycerine without purification from biodiesel production...
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Magnetic and capacitive couplings influence on power losses in double circuit high voltage overhead transmission line
PublicationPurpose – The paper aims to discuss problems of power and energy losses in a double-circuit overhead transmission line. It was observed from energymeters’ readings, that in such a line, active power losses can be measured as “negative”. The “negative” active power losses appear when the active power injected to the circuit is lower than the active power received at the circuit end. The purpose of this paper is to explain this phenomenon. Theoretical...
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Understanding the early-stage release of volatile organic compounds from rapeseed oil during deep-frying of tubers by targeted and omics-inspired approaches using PTR-MS and gas chromatography
PublicationDuring deep-frying, a plethora of volatile products is emitted with the fumes. These compounds could act as oil quality indicators and change the indoor air composition leading to health risks for occupants. The presented experiments focus on deep-frying of different tubers in rapeseed oil at different frying temperatures. Here, two scenarios for real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using proton transfer reaction...
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Exploring Mechanism of Corrosion Inhibition of WE43 and AZ31 Alloys by Aqueous Molybdate in Hank’s Solution by Multisine Impedimetric Monitoring
PublicationThe concept of utilizing multisine dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to monitor effectiveness of a model molybdate inhibitor for AZ31 and WE43 Mg alloys is proposed. The corrosion kinetics and instantaneous values of inhibition efficiency (IE) of molybdate at concentrations up to 150 mM were examined. The inhibitor provides inhibition in Hank’s solution at concentrations starting from ca. 25 mM, with the IE of about...
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THE APPLICATION OF KALMAN FILTERING TO PREDICT VERTICAL RAIL AXIS DISPLACEMENTS OF THE OVERHEAD CRANE BEING A COMPONENT OF SEAPORT TRANSPORT STRUCTURE
PublicationAs the devices designed to transport materials, the overhead cranes should meet certain geometric requirements for their operation to be safe. The presently available geodetic equipment, in particular total stations, provides opportunities for precise 3D measurements of coordinates of the controlled points. These coordinates make a basis for correcting the height of crane runway axes. The paper presents a method to calculate position...
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Modification of gradient HPLC method for determination of small molecules' affinity to human serum albumin under column safety conditions: Robustness and chemometrics study
PublicationIn the early stages of drug discovery, beyond the biological activity screening, determining the physicochemical properties that affect the distribution of molecules in the human body is an essential step. Plasma protein binding (PPB) is one of the most important investigated endpoints. Nevertheless, the methodology for measuring %PPB is significantly less popular and standardized than other physicochemical properties, like lipophilicity....
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Stability and limit load analysis of a cold-formed channel section column
PublicationThe paper presents stability and limit load analysis of a steel column 1440 mm high of a cold-formed channel section, subjected to a combination of compression and bending. Experimental results were compared to the resistance of a code procedure and to the outcome of numerical non-linear analysis. Comparison was made of numerical solutions by means of static (Riks) and dynamic (Explicit and Implicit) methods. Perfectly elastic...
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Production of tropane alkaloids in Hyoscyamus niger (black henbane) hairy roots grown in bubble-column and spray bioreactors
PublicationHairy root cultures of Hyoscyamus niger were cultivated in shake-flasks, a bubble-column bioreactor and a hybrid bubble-column/spray bioreactor and evaluated for alkaloid production.
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Influence of pitting corrosion on fatigue and corrosion fatigue of ship and offshore structures. Part II: Load - pit crack interaction
PublicationIn the paper has been discussed influence of stresses on general corrosion rate and corrosion pit nucleation and growth rate, whose presence has been questioned by some authors but accepted by most of them. Influence of pit walls roughness on fatigue life of a plate suffering pit corrosion and presence of so called "non damaging" pits which never lead to initiation of fatigue crack, has been presented. Possibility of prediction...
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Removal of ketoprofen from surface water in a submerged photocatalytic membrane reactor utilizing membrane distillation: effect of process parameters and evaluation of long‐term performance
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Normal stress distribution in built‑up cold‑formed column in relation to interconnecting bolt spacing
PublicationIn order to increase a stiffness of cold-formed steel (CFS) elements it is practised to built-up the cross-section. In the analysed case, a main element is strengthened by adding extra chord in contact partially along the column. This additional chord acts as a longitudinal stiffener connected with the main section by series of bolts. Authors check whether rules applied over the years, for hot-rolled elements, can be indiscriminately...
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Modeling organic nitrogen conversions in activated sludge bioreactors
PublicationFor biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems designed to maximize nitrogen removal, the effluent total nitrogen (TN) concentration may range from 2.0 to 4.0 g N/m3 with about 25-50% in the form of organic nitrogen (ON). In this study, current approaches to modeling organic N conversions (separate processes vs. constant contents of organic fractions) were compared. A new conceptual model of ON conversions was developed and combined...
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Decolorization of organic dyes solution by atmospheric pressure glow discharge system working in a liquid flow-through mode
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Oil refinery dusts: morphological and size analysis by TEM
PublicationThe objectives of this work were to develop a means of sampling atmospheric dusts on the premises of an oil refinery for electron microscopic study to carry out preliminary morphological analyses and to compare these dusts with those collected at sites beyond the refinery limits. Carbon and collodion membranes were used as asupport for collection of dust particles straight on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids. Micrographs...
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Corrosion Monitoring in Petroleum Installations—Practical Analysis of the Methods
PublicationThis paper presents the most typical corrosion mechanisms occurring in the petroleum industry. The methods of corrosion monitoring are described for particular corrosion mechanisms. The field and scope of the application of given corrosion-monitoring methods are provided in detail. The main advantages and disadvantages of particular methods are highlighted. Measurement difficulties and obstacles are identified and widely discussed...
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Atmospheric degradation mechanism of anthracene initiated by OH•: A DFT prediction
PublicationDensity functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06-2X/def2-TZVP level have been employed to investigate the atmospheric oxidation mechanism of anthracene (ANT) initiated by HO•. Direct hydrogen atom abstraction from the ANT using HO• takes place hardly at ambient conditions while the addition of HO• to the C1, C2, and C4 sites are thermodynamically and kinetically more advantageous. The addition reactions are controlled by...
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Conditions controlling atmospheric pollutant deposition via snowpack
PublicationSolid precipitation represents a potentially important addition to other measures of deposition. However, an accurate estimate of snowfall amount and pollutant loading is not a trivial matter. There are obvious distinctions between regular precipitation collection and snowpack sampling that represent the cumulative chemistry of bulk deposition. The main goal is to show the most important processes and factors that may influence...
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Column base fixity in steel moment frames: Observations from instrumented buildings
PublicationThe rotational fixity of column base connections in Steel Moment Resisting Frames (SMRFs) strongly influences their seismic response. However, approaches for estimating base fixity have been validated only against laboratory test data. These approaches are examined based on strong motion recordings from four instrumented SMRF buildings in California to informbest practices for seismic response simulation. These buildings represent...
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Performance of organic coatings upon cyclic mechanical load
PublicationA number of engineering structures fail due to the fatigue damage resulting from cyclic mechanical stress. However, as far as organic coatings are concerned this degradation factor remains underestimated. In the paper the authors propose a methodology combining global electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and local atomic force microscopy measurements for evaluation of coating resistance to an impact of repetitive mechanical stress. Typical...
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Impulse Measurements of Tower Earthings of Overhead Transmission Lines
PublicationPrzepisy wymagają okresowego badania uziemień słupów elektroenergetycznych linii przesyłowych. pomiary takie metodami klasycznymi niskiej częstotliwości wymagają odłączania uziomów od konstrukcji słupa, co wiąże się z wyłączaniem linii. wykorzstanie metody udarowej do oceny uziemień nie wymaga odłączania uziomów i może byc przeprowadzane podczas pracy linii.
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Ion Chromatography in Environmental Analysis of Selected Organic Acids
PublicationLow molecular mass carboxylic acids (LCAs) occur in many environmental compartments dueto natural processes and human activity. When volatile and nonvolatile acids are to be monitored then liquidchromatography, including ion chromatography seems a method of choice. At high pH the acids are inionized form and can be separated as carboxylats by means of anion exchange chromatography. LCAs canalso be separated at low pH by ion exclusion...
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Nano-structured Pt embedded in the acidic salts of heteropolymolybdate matrices: MS XAFS study
PublicationMultiple-scattering extended X-ray absorption fine structure (MS EXAFS) study combined with TEM and XRD analysis of a novel Pt-based catalyst operating at low temperature fuel cells (FCs) is presented. Innovation in the case of the considered catalyst resides in the use of a porous inorganic matrix of acidic heteropolymolybdate salts as a catalyst support. Obtained results show the relation between the matrix composition and the...
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Corrosion behavior of hydrogen charged super duplex stainless steel welded joints
PublicationThe electrochemical behavior of the weld metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base material of super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) welded joints, made with the application of flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) and submerged arc welding (SAW), were investigated with the use of metallographic examinations (optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy), potentiodynamic polarization measurements and total hydrogen content determination...
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Sampling of atmospheric precipitation and deposits for analysis of atmospheric pollution
PublicationPrzedstawiono przegląd technik i przyrządów pomiarowych stosowanych w celu pobierania próbek mokrej i mgielnej depozycji (mgła, woda z chmur, szron, szadź, rosa). Przedstawiono również informacje literaturowe na temat oznaczania związków nieorganicznych i organicznych w próbkach opadów i osadów atmosferycznych z zastosowaniem odpowiednich technik pomiarowych.
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Elctrochemical oxidation and corrosion resistance of the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy
PublicationThis paper presents the results of oxidation and corrosion tests carried out on titanium alloy Ti13Nb13Zr. The oxide film was prepared by electrochemical environment 2M H3PO4 for 30 min and 1 h, at a constant voltage 40V. The tests of corrosion resistance were performed by potentiostatic method in Ringer's solution at different pH values: 7, 5 and 3. The change in an appearance of surface and the increase in corrosion resistance...
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Advanced super-hydrophobic polymer-based porous absorbents for the treatment of oil-polluted water
PublicationThe threat of environmental pollution caused by spilled oil is rapidly increasing along with the expansion of oil exploration, the development of maritime activities and industrial growth. Oil spill incidents usually affect seriously the ecosystem and human life. Therefore, the treatment and recovery of the oil spill have been considered as an ultra-important issue to protect the environment and to minimize its negative impacts...
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublicationThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-off adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by...
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublicationThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four Different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-of adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by cyclic...
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The optimisation of analytical parameters for routine profiling of antioxidants in complex mixture by HPLC coupled post-column derivatisation
PublicationIntroduction: The wide application of natural and artificial antioxidants in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry as well as the recognition of the importance of food antioxidants for supporting human health created demand for reliable and industrially applicable methods of determining antioxidative activity. This requirement can be fullfilled with the recently proposed HPLC-post-column derivatisation approach enabling the...
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Corrosion of AISI1018 and AISI304 steel exposed to sulfates
PublicationThis research analyses the behavior of corrosion, durability, and quality of reinforced concrete samples coated with two different materials when exposed to contaminated soil with sulfates. The initial assessment involved evaluating the water absorption rate of the coating materials before and after exposure to a solution containing 3%푁푎2푆푂4+3%푀푔푆푂4+3%퐾2푆푂4+3%퐶푎푆푂4to determine their durability. the corrosion...
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Mapping the spatial distribution of global anthropogenic mercury atmospheric emission inventories
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono procedury zastosowane do przygotowania map emisji rtęci ze źrodeł antropogennych na skale globalna i przedyskutowano wyniki obliczeń przedstawione na tych mapach. Dane o emisji użyte do przygotowania map zostały obliczone i opublikowane przez Pacyna et al. (2006). W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono mapy emsji dla roku 2000 oraz zmodyfikowane mapy emisji dla roku 1995.Mapy z rozkladem emisji w układzie gridów:...
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Effective yttrium based coating for steel interconnects of solid oxide cells: Corrosion evaluation in steam-hydrogen atmosphere
PublicationThis work describes manufacture, analysis and test of a new well conducting corrosion-protection coating that can be applied on steel types with high chromium content. Electrolytic deposition of yttrium salts is used to form thin (<100 nm) coatings on both flat steel sheets (material: Crofer 22 APU) and its properties are proven on woven wire-meshes (materials from two different sources: SUS316 and SUS316L). The oxide scale on...
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Protection of bridges against stray current corrosion
PublicationA case study of Siennicki Bridge stray current corrosion hazard is presented. A corrosion risk was caused by incorrectly designed tram line traction which goes over the bridge. No dielectric insulation between running rails and bridge steel construction was used. A variety of protection methods against stray currents are described. Characteristics of the endangered bridge were described. Impressed current cathodic protection system...
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Investigation of corrosion behavior of 6060 and 6082 aluminum alloys under simulated acid rain conditions
PublicationInstantaneous impedance changes of 6060 and 6082 type aluminum alloys in pure water, and simulated acid rain poured into the pure water was investigated by dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). In this way, the influence of aluminum content on the corrosion behavior of 6060 and 6082 type aluminum alloys immersed in simulated acid rain was determined. The corrosion rate of the alloy decreased with increasing Al...
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Determination of pesticides in water using new solid phase extraction technique - speedisk and speedisk column.
PublicationW publikacji opisano zastosowanie nowych narzędzi do ekstrakcji do fazy stałej: szybkie dyski i szybkie kolumienki (speedisk i speedisk column). Zaprezentowano ich zastosowanie do ekstrakcji pestycydów z próbek wody, przy zastosowaniu różnych rozpuszczalników.
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Corrosion degradation impact on mechanical properties of structural steel
PublicationRecently, extensive research was conducted regarding the impact of corrosion degradation on the mechanical properties of structural steel. Studies show that at the material level, the microstructure is somewhat unchanged due to corrosion degradation. However, the corrosion causes pits and structural surface irregularities that consequently impact the mean stress-strain response of typical coupon specimens subjected to tensile loading....
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Research on causes of corrosion in the municipal water supply system
PublicationThis paper presents results of failure analysis study to characterize the corrosion damage that occurred in the water supply system in Krakow. This analysis includes: electrochemical noise, linear polarization and resistometric measurements. Water aggressiveness of four water intakes was defined using Langelier and Ryznar indices. Results from this indices did not reveal the causes of considerable corrosion losses in water systems....