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Search results for: DIELECTRIC MEASUREMENT, PLANAR MICROWAVE SENSOR, NEAR FIELD COUPLING, WIRELESS SENSOR
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STUDY OF ARRAY OF MEMS INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNITS UNDER QUASI-STATIONARY AND DYNAMIC CONDITIONS
PublicationA measurement system includes all components in a chain of hardware and software that leads from a measured variable to processed data. In that context, the type and quality of the sensors or measuring devices are critical to any measurement system. MEMS/IMU sensors lag behind leading technologies in this respect, but the MEMS/IMU performance rapidly changes while is relatively inexpensive. For this reason, the paper proposes...
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Soft Sensor Application in Identification of the Activated Sludge Bulking Considering the Technological and Economical Aspects of Smart Systems Functioning
PublicationThe paper presented the methodology for the construction of a soft sensor used for activated sludge bulking identification. Devising such solutions fits within the current trends and development of a smart system and infrastructure within smart cities. In order to optimize the selection of the data-mining method depending on the data collected within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a number of methods were considered, including:...
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Influence of ESPAR antenna radiation patterns shape on PPCC-based DoA estimation accuracy
PublicationIn the article, we show the influence of three different electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna radiation patterns on the overall direction of arrival (DoA) estimation accuracy when power-pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) algorithm, relying on received signal strength (RSS) values, is used for the estimation. The ESPAR antenna designs were obtained for three optimization goals, which resulted in different...
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RSS-Based DoA Estimation for ESPAR Antennas Using Support Vector Machine
PublicationIn this letter, it is shown how direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation for electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas, which are designed to be integrated within wireless sensor network nodes, can be improved by applying support vector classification approach to received signal strength (RSS) values recorded at an antenna's output port. The proposed method relies on ESPAR antenna's radiation patterns measured...
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Determination of Odor Air Quality Index (OAQII) Using Gas Sensor Matrix
PublicationThis article presents a new way to determine odor nuisance based on the proposed odor air quality index (OAQII), using an instrumental method. This indicator relates the most important odor features, such as intensity, hedonic tone and odor concentration. The research was conducted at the compost screening yard of the municipal treatment plant in Central Poland, on which a self-constructed gas sensor array was placed. It consisted...
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Low-strain sensor based on the flexible boron-doped diamond-polymer structures
PublicationA free-standing high boron-doped diamond nanosheet (BDDNS) has been fabricated for the development of a flexible BDDNS strain senor. High boron-doped diamond was initially grown on a tantalum substrate in a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition method, and was then transferred to a Kapton polymer substrate to fabricate the flexible BDDNS/Kapton device. Before performing the transfer process, the thin BDDNS’s morphology...
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Privacy-Preserving, Scalable Blockchain-Based Solution for Monitoring Industrial Infrastructure in the Near Real-Time
PublicationThis paper proposes an improved monitoring and measuring system dedicated to industrial infrastructure. Our model achieves security of data by incorporating cryptographical methods and near real-time access by the use of virtual tree structure over records. The currently available blockchain networks are not very well adapted to tasks related to the continuous monitoring of the parameters of industrial installations. In the database...
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Superconductivity in a new intermetallic structure type based on endohedral Ta@Ir7Ge4 clusters
PublicationWe report the observation of superconductivity at a temperature near 3.5 K for the previously unreported compound TaIr2Ge2. In addition to being a superconductor, this material displays a new crystal structure type that contains endohedral clusters, as determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction structure refinement; the structure is more complex than those of the commonly observed tetragonal 122 intermetallic phases. Despite...
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Magnetic field microsensor based on GaAs MESFET
PublicationA novel concept of the drain separation design in a horizontally-split-drain GaAs MAGFET sensor, based on epitaxial layer growth, was developed. Proper choice of GaAs/AlAs/GaAs epitaxial layer sequence provided good electrical isolation between the drain regions. The measured leakage current between the drain regions was in the range of nA for up to 2V drain voltage bias difference. Performed analytical and numerical calculations...
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Sound Field Intensity Measurements and Visualization around the Human Head Model . Rozkłąd natężenia pola akustycznego w komorze bezechowej obecności sztucznej głowy i w przypadku braku jej obecności
PublicationThe main goal of this research study was to measure and visualize sound field intensity distribution in and without presence of the human head model. Measurements were performed in the anechoic chamber with the 5 cm grid. Experimental setup consisted of a multitone generator, two loudspeakers, human head model, intensimetric probe, the Cartesian robot applied for precise positioning of the acoustic sensor, and an analyzer. Based...
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Using differential pressure sensor to measure nitrous oxide level in a tank
PublicationA method for measuring the level of liquid nitrous oxide oxidizer in a hybrid rocket motor oxidizer tank is proposed. Presented approach is more accurate than the most commonly used method of this measurement, which employs weighting of the whole sounding rocket or an oxidizer tank. In our solution we use a differential pressure sensor to measure the change of pressure at the bottom of an oxidizer tank in comparison to the pressure...
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Inverse Modeling and Optimization of CSRR-based Microwave Sensors for Industrial Applications
PublicationDesign optimization of multivariable resonators is a challenging topic in the area of microwave sensors for industrial applications. This paper proposes a novel methodology for rapid re-design and parameter tuning of complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). Our approach involves inverse surrogate models established using pre-optimized resonator data as well as analytical correction techniques to enable rapid adjustment of geometry...
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Comparative study on the effectiveness of various types of road traffic intensity detectors
PublicationVehicle detection and speed measurements are crucial tasks in traffic monitoring systems. In this work, we focus on several types of electronic sensors, operating on different physical principles in order to compare their effectiveness in real traffic conditions. Commercial solutions are based on road tubes, microwave sensors, LiDARs, and video cameras. Distributed traffic monitoring systems require a high number of monitoring...
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Multifunctional Bandpass Filter/Displacement Sensor Component
PublicationThis paper presents the design and realization of a multifunctional bandpassfilter/displacement-sensor using an edge-coupled microstrip bandpass filter loaded by a pair of split ring resonators (SRRs). It is shown that while the structure acts as a bandpass filter at its operating frequency, the phase of the reflection coefficient from a movable loading resonator at the resonance frequency of the resonator can be used for displacement...
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Low-coherence sensors with nanolayers for biomedical sensing
PublicationIn this paper, we describe the fiber optic low-coherence sensors using thin film. We investigated their metrological parameters. Presented sensors were made with the use of standard telecommunication single mode optical fiber (SMF28). Different materials were applied to obtain thick layers, such as boron doped diamond, silver and gold. The thickness of layers used in the experiments ranged from 100 nm to 300 nm. Measurements were...
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Diagnostics of high-voltage varistor quality using resonant ultrasound spectroscopy
PublicationResonant spectroscopy is an effective nondestructive testing method focused on defects detection in tested objects. Resonance spectrum contains an information about the mechanical properties and particularly about the structural homogeneity of the whole object. A swept frequency method has been used to measure the selected resonant frequencies range. The system for measurement of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy of high-voltage...
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Asynchronous Networked Estimation System for Continuous Time Stochastic Processes
PublicationIn this paper we examine an asynchronous networked estimation system for state estimation of continuous time stochastic processes. Such a system is comprised of several estimation nodes connected using a possibly incomplete communication graph. Each of the nodes uses a Kalman filter algorithm and data from a local sensor to compute local state estimates of the process under observation. It also performs data fusion of local estimates...
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Highly sensitive microwave sensors based on open complementary square split-ring resonator for sensing liquid materials
PublicationThis paper presents high-sensitivity sensors based on open complementary square split-ring resonator and modified open complementary split-ring resonator operating at 4.5 GHz and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The sensors are designed for the detection of multiple liquid materials, including distilled water, methanol, and ethanol. The liquid under test is filled in a glass container loaded using a pipette. Compared to the conventional...
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Accurate PPCC-Based DoA Estimation Using Multiple Calibration Planes for WSN Nodes Equipped with ESPAR Antennas
PublicationIn this paper, we have introduced a new direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation method, which relies on received signal strength (RSS) values measured at the output port of electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna and uses the power pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) estimator. In the method, we have successfully incorporated measurements of ESPAR antenna's radiation patterns performed at multiple calibration...
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Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Dual-Rotor Generator for a Counter-Rotating Wind Turbine
PublicationCoaxial counter-rotating propellers have been widely applied in ships and helicopters for improving the propulsion efficiency and offsetting system reactive torques. Lately, the counter-rotating concept has been introduced into the wind turbine design. Distributed wind power generation systems often require a novel approach in generator design. In this paper, prototype development of axial-flux generator with a counter-rotating...
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Frequency-Reconfigurable Hybrid SIW-Based Self-Diplexing Antenna Using Solid and Liquid Dielectric Loading
PublicationThis paper presents a novel frequencyreconfigurable self-diplexing antenna (SDA) utilizing a hybrid substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). The antenna comprises a radiating slot, a feeding network, and a hybrid SIW cavity featuring half-mode circular and half-mode rectangular SIW structures. The unique feature of this antenna lies in its fine-tuning capability of each resonant frequency by inserting or injecting solid and liquid...
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Label‐free optical detection of cyclosporine in biological fluids
PublicationIn this paper, a spectroscopic method for determination of cyclosporine concentrations in biological fluids is presented. Blood plasma and hemoglobin solutions are chosen for the experiment. For various cyclosporine concentrations in blood plasma and hemoglobin, absorbance measurements in spectra range from 600 to 1100 nm are performed. The measurement results are analyzed by the use of a dedicated algorithm. The obtained data...
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Methodology for the Correction of the Spatial Orientation Angles of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Real Time GNSS, a Shoreline Image and an Electronic Navigational Chart
PublicationUndoubtedly, Low-Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more common in marine applications. Equipped with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver for highly accurate positioning, they perform camera and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) measurements. Unfortunately, these measurements may still be subject to large errors-mainly due to the inaccuracy of measurement of the optical...
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Propagation Characteristics of Partial Discharges in an Oil-Filled Power Transformer
PublicationPower transformers are among the most important assets in the power transmission and distribution grid. However, they suffer from degradation and possible faults causing major electrical and financial losses. Partial discharges (PDs) are used to identify the insulation health status and their degradation level. PDs are incipient, low-magnitude faults caused by localized dielectric breakdown. Those activities emit signals in many...
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ESPAR Antenna-Based WSN Node With DoA Estimation Capability
PublicationIn this paper, we present a low-cost energy-efficient electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna-based wireless sensor network (WSN) node designed for IEEE 802.15.4 standard that is capable of performing direction of arrival (DoA) estimation in real-life outdoor environments. To this end, we propose the WSN node architecture, design and realization that utilizes NXP JN5168 radio frequency (RF) wireless transceiver...
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RSS-Based DoA Estimation Using ESPAR Antenna Radiation Patterns Spline Interpolation
PublicationIn this paper, it is shown how power pattern crosscorrelation (PPCC) algorithm, which relies on received signal strength (RSS) values recorded at electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna output port, used for direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation, can easily be improved by applying spline interpolation to radiation patterns recorded in the calibration phase of the DoA estimation process. The proposed method...
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RSS-based DoA Estimation Using ESPAR Antennas and Interpolated Radiation Patterns
PublicationIn this letter, it is shown how an algorithm, which employs received signal strength (RSS) values in order to estimate direction-of-arrival (DoA) of impinging signals in wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes equipped with electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas, can easily be improved by applying an interpolation algorithm to radiation patterns recorded in the calibration phase of the DoA estimation process....
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Optimization of a Fabry-Perot Sensing Interferometer design for an optical fiber sensor of hematocrit level
PublicationContinuous measurement of the hemato crit level in blo o d can p otentially b e p erformed using optical bre sensors. The FabryPerot interferometric sensors are a promising candidate in this application. The most imp ortant step in the design of the sensor is design of the sensing interferometer. Adequate cavity length and high interference contrast are two most imp ortant requirements in this application. The design metho d of...
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Influence of sensor design and optical properties of tissue on the photoplethysmographic signal
PublicationPhotopletysmography and an associated technique called pulse oximetry are still explored due to the expectations that they give a lot of information about the state of the patient and, also, due to the fact that they are non invasive. Knowledge about the impact of various parameters on the measured signal leads to a faster and a more reliable way of analyzing measurement results and finding the dependencies between the involved...
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Corrosion monitoring by harmonic analysis in aqueous environments
PublicationThis paper presents tests concerning the rate of corrosion in non-alloy steel (type S235JR) in an aqueous environment, with an additive of sodium chloride by means of polarization resistance measurements and harmonic analysis. The tests have been carried out for steel samples exposed to the testing environment for six weeks, in order to obtain a constant rate of corrosion in the function of time. The measurements have aimed at...
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Optimal ECG lead for deriving respiratory signal
PublicationEDR is an interesting measuring technique that allows an indirect assessment of respiratory activity. This is an alternative solution to direct methods that are based on the measurement of air flow, which require a specialized sensor or even a system. However, due to inter-personal anatomical differences, the optimal ECG lead (placement of the electrodes) ensuring the best EDR signal quality is not fixed. An influence of ECG lead...
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A method to monitor urinary carbon dioxide in patients with septic shock
PublicationSevere sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions with mortality rates exceeding 31% (Levy et al., 2012) [1]. Septicemia was the most expensive US hospital condition in 2011 (Torio and Andrews, 2006)[2]. Urinary carbon dioxide may provide rapid, clinically useful information about a patient’s status, empowering physicians to intervene earlier and improve septic shock mortality. The objective of this paper is to validate...
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Post processing and selecting data obtain with parametric sub-bottom profiler SES-2000 Standard during sounding the Gulf of Gdansk
PublicationThe main goal of the paper is to describe the results of sounding the Gulf of Gdansk seabed using a parametric sub-bottom profiler SES-2000 Standard. Quality of obtained during trials data depends inter alia on proper location of antenna to reduce influence of pitch, roll, heave and ship noise (bubbles from propeller and a hull flow, vibration from main engine and peripheral devices). Furthermore calibration of complementary units...
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A device for measuring heat flux on a rocket skin surface
PublicationA novel method for measuring heat flux on a surface is presented. It is an extensive upgrade of currently known heat flux sensors used mostly in civil engineering. As the thermal environment of launchers, especially sounding rocket can have an enormous negative effect on payload, careful considerations have to be taken in the process of preparing insulation. Usually, thermal data provided by the launch vehicle manufacturer is limited...
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Collision‐Aware Routing Using Multi‐Objective Seagull Optimization Algorithm for WSN‐Based IoT
PublicationIn recent trends, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become popular because of their cost, simple structure, reliability, and developments in the communication field. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the interconnection of everyday objects and sharing of information through the Internet. Congestion in networks leads to transmission delays and packet loss and causes wastage of time and energy on recovery. The routing protocols...
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Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using an ESPAR Antenna with Simplified Beam Steering
PublicationIn this paper, it has been shown, how electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna, in which beam steering is done in a simple way, can be used for directionof- arrival (DoA) estimation of an unknown signal impinging the antenna. The concept is based on an ESPAR antenna having twelve parasitic elements, in which beam switching is realized by RF switches providing required loads to its parasitic elements. Numerical...
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A Novel IoT-Perceptive Human Activity Recognition (HAR) Approach Using Multi-Head Convolutional Attention
PublicationTogether with fast advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart healthcare applications and systems are equipped with increasingly more wearable sensors and mobile devices. These sensors are used not only to collect data, but also, and more importantly, to assist in daily activity tracking and analyzing of their users. Various human activity recognition (HAR) approaches are used to enhance such tracking. Most of the existing...
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Portable raman spectrometer for maritime security applications
PublicationThe fast identification of explosives, narcotics and other chemicals carried on board of ships or transported in containers to the harbors is an important problem of maritime security. Raman spectroscopy is widely used for fast identification of various chemicals. Continuous progress in the field of photonics has resulted in commercial availability of low-power compact Raman spectrometers which can be integrated into portable systems....
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Open smart glasses development platform for AAL applications
PublicationThis paper describes an open platform for multi sensory electronic glasses that supports new and enhanced methods for intelligent interaction with patients, with smart objects, or to be used as new data input modalities like proximity sensor or smart textile interfaces. All the activities have been developed, investigated and evaluated within EU CHIST-ERA eGlasses project...
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HCI-Based Wireless System for Measuring the Concentration of Mining Machinery and Equipment Operators
PublicationMaintaining stable and reliable working conditions is a matter of vital importance for various companies, especially those involving heavy machinery. Due to human exhaustion, as well as unpredicted hazards and dangerous situations, the personnel has to take actions and wisely plan each move. This paper presents a human–computer interaction (HCI)-based system that uses a concentration level measurement function to increase the safety...
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Upper Limb Bionic Orthoses: General Overview and Forecasting Changes
PublicationUsing robotics in modern medicine is slowly becoming a common practice. However, there are still important life science fields which are currently devoid of such advanced technology. A noteworthy example of a life sciences field which would benefit from process automation and advanced robotic technology is rehabilitation of the upper limb with the use of an orthosis. Here, we present the state-of-the-art and prospects for development...
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Superconductivity in the Cu(Ir1-xPtx)2Se4 spinel
PublicationWe report the observation of superconductivity in the CuIr2Se4 spinel induced by partial substitution of Pt for Ir. The optimal doping level for superconductivity in Cu(Ir1-xPtx )2Se4 is x = 0.2, where Tc is 1.76 K. A superconducting Tc vs composition dome is established between the metallic, normal conductor CuIr2Se4 and semiconducting CuIrPtSe4. Electronic structure calculations show that the optimal Tc occurs near the electron count...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublicationIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Evaluating the position of a mobile robot using accelerometer data
PublicationThis paper analyses the problem of determining the position of a robot using an accelerometer, which is an essential part of inertial measurement units (IMU). The information gained from such a gauge, however, requires double integration of sensor data. To assure an expected effect, a mathematical model of a low-cost accelerometer of the MEMS type is derived. Moreover, in order to improve the performance of positioning based on...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublicationIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Evaluating the mobile robot positions using accelerometer data
PublicationThis paper analyzes the problem of determining the position of a robot using an accelerometer, which is an essential part of inertial measurement units (IMU). The information gained from such a gauge, however, requires double integration of sensor data. To assure an expected effect, a mathematical model of a low-cost accelerometer of the MEMS type is derived. Moreover, in order to improve the performance of positioning based on...
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Stochastic resonance in measurements
PublicationNoise is usually associated with the negative phenomenon, hampering the measurements data and their analysis. This view has been broken in the '80s when the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (Stochastic Resonance - SR) was discovered. It is a phenomenon that occurs in nonlinear dynamic measurement systems when the selected input noise can optimize system performance. SR became a way to improve efficiency of weak signals detection....
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Road surface roughness estimation employing integrated position and acceleration sensor
PublicationAssessment of a surface quality being an essential task for the authorities supervising the roads provides the subject of the paper. Information about riding quality of a pavement, important for drivers, both in terms of their comfort and safety is collected during experiments employing mobile sensors. The paper describes the use of a miniature position and acceleration sensor for evaluation of the roughness of the road surface....
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Methods of data extraction from sub-bottom profiler's signal
PublicationData obtain during sounding Gdansk Bay with SES-2000 Standard parametric sub-bottom profiler has two types of information: envelope and pure signal. First is used to plot echograms in real time and contain envelope of echo. The second one is stored during sounding and can be processed after recording data. Comparison of results will be shown and discussed. First step in investigation was proper configuration of small measurement...
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Trust-Based Model for the Assessment of the Uncertainty of Measurements in Hybrid IoT Networks
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to introduce a NUT model (NUT: network-uncertainty-trust) that aids the decrease of the uncertainty of measurements in autonomous hybrid Internet of Things sensor networks. The problem of uncertainty in such networks is a consequence of various operating conditions and varied quality of measurement nodes, making statistical approach less successful. This paper presents a model for decreasing the uncertainty...