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Search results for: HYBRID BEAMS, AIR CONCRETE, PRESTRESSED CONCRETE, PREFABRICATED LINTEL
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Assessment of Failure Occurrence Rate for Concrete Machine Foundations Used in Gas and Oil Industry by Machine Learning
PublicationConcrete machine foundations are structures that transfer loads from machines in operation to the ground. The design of such foundations requires a careful analysis of the static and dynamic effects caused by machine exploitation. There are also other substantial differences between ordinary concrete foundations and machine foundations, of which the main one is that machine foundations are separated from the building structure....
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Influence of effective width of flange on calculation and reinforcement dimensioning of beam of reinforced concrete frame
PublicationThe paper analyses the influence of modelling the cross-section of a beam in two-storey reinforced concrete frame of industrial warehouse with dimensions: 18.0 m × 32.0 m using bar elements on the results of bending moments, the value of elastic deflection and the dimensioning of reinforcement due to bending. Six options were considered: a beam as a rectangular section and five T-beam variants with different definitions of effective...
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Load effect impact on the exploitation of concrete machine foundations used in the gas and oil industry
PublicationMachine foundations is a critical topic in the gas and oil industry, which design and exploitation require extensive technical knowledge. Machine foundations are the constructions which are intended for mounting on it a specific type of machine. The foundation has to transfer dynamic and static load from machine to the ground. The primary difference between machine foundations and building foundations is that the machine foundations...
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Electrochemical investigations on the corrosion behaviour of reinforcing steel in diatomite- and zeolite-containing concrete exposed to sulphuric acid
PublicationCorrosion is a major concern for most structural applications. Its detrimental effect significantly reduces the life of metallic components. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of corrosion in the steel reinforcement of concrete samples having three different substituents: 20% diatomite, 20% zeolite, and a reference without zeolite or diatomite. All concrete specimens were subjected to a solution of...
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Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concrete: A Critical Review of the Short-Term Properties
PublicationThe huge demand for concrete is predicted to upsurge due to rapid construction developments. Environmental worries regarding the large amounts of carbon dioxide emanations from cement production have resulted in new ideas to develop supplemental cementing materials, aiming to decrease the cement volume required for making concrete. Palm-oil-fuel-ash (POFA) is an industrial byproduct derived from palm oil waste’s incineration in...
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublicationThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-off adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by...
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublicationThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four Different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-of adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by cyclic...
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The use of GFRP tubes as load-bearing jackets in concrete-composite columns
PublicationThe paper presents the fields of applications of polymer composites in building structures. The use of composite glass fibre tubes is discussed in more detail. The laboratory methods used to test the mechanical properties of these pipes are presented. An original research program is presented, including six concrete-filled glass fibre tubes. The cylinders and columns made in this way were tested for their axial load capacity. Conclusions...
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Computational simulations of concrete behaviour under dynamic conditions using elasto-visco-plastic model with non-local softening
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Computational simulations of concrete behaviour under dynamic conditions using elasto-visco-plastic model with non-local softening.
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki obliczeniowych symulacji zachowania betonu w warunkach dynamicznych stosując sprężysto-lepko-plastyczny model z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Wykonano obliczenia dla ściskania jednoosiowego, rozciągania jednoosiowego i zginania. Dla dużych prędkości obciążenia uwzględniono fragmentację materiału. Wyniki porównano z doswiadczeniami.
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Mechanical and radiation shielding properties of concrete reinforced with boron--basalt fibers using Digital Image Correlation and X--ray micro--computed tomography
PublicationThe paper presents experimental investigations of the radiation shielding, mechanical and fracture properties of concrete reinforced with 5 kg/m3 of novel basalt fibers infused with boron oxide (BBF). However, further studies concerning other dosages i.e. 1 kg/m3, 10 kg/m3, 15 kg/m3 and 20 kg/m3 are currently carried out. Experiments with neutron source revealed that addition of BBF as a dispersed concrete reinforcement could improve...
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A constitutive law for concrete with smooth transition from continuous into discontinuous cracks’ description
PublicationPaper presents a constitutive model for concrete that combines a continuous and discontinuous crack’s description to simulate the concrete under tensile dominated loads. In a continuum regime, two different constitutive laws were used. First, a plasticity model with the Rankine failure criterion and an associated flow rule was used. Second, a constitutive law based on isotropic damage mechanics was formulated. Both model alternatives...
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Modeling, simulation, and validation of a TB41 crash test of the H2/W5/B concrete vehicle restraint system
PublicationThe paper addresses numerical simulations of a concrete vehicle restraint system. The model is described in detail. The advanced material law of the continuous surface cap model was used to analyze the damage locations in concrete barrier segments. The results were validated against the TB41 full-scale crash test. The test was conducted in compliance with European standard EN 1317, and the validation was performed in accordance...
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Flexural behaviour of concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars in experiments and according to aci ACI 440.1R guide
PublicationThe paper presents research conducted on two concrete slabs reinforced with the carbon composite bars and two other concrete slabs reinforced with basalt composite bars. The carbon bars were plain, while the basalt ones were ribbed. The slabs were experimentally investigated in the flexural state of effort with the concentrated forces applied. The results are compared with the analytical solution proposed in the guide ACI 440.1R-06...
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Effect of free water on the quasi‑static compression behavior of partially‑saturated concrete with a fully coupled DEM/CFD approach.
PublicationThe work aims to numerically investigate the quasi-static response of partially fluid-saturated concrete under two-dimensional uniaxial compression at the mesoscale. We investigated how the impact of free pore fluid content (water and gas) affected the quasi-static strength of concrete. The totally and partially fluid-saturated concrete behavior was simulated using an improved pore-scale hydro-mechanical model based on DEM/CFD....
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Load-carrying capacity of axially loaded concrete-filled steel tubular columns made of thin tubes
PublicationAn experimental investigation was conducted on 30 CFST columns. An influence of the following factors on load-carrying capacity of the investigated columns was analyzed: the column slenderness (l1 = 42, l2 = 27 and l3 = 15), the tube thickness (the reinforcement ratio was equal to 4% or 6%), the way of applying the load to CFST columns (through the concrete core or through the entire cross-section), the bond strength between a...
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Seismic probabilistic assessment of steel and reinforced concrete structures including earthquake-induced pounding
PublicationRecent earthquakes demonstrate that prioritizing the retrofitting of buildings should be of the utmost importance for enhancing the seismic resilience and structural integrity of urban structures. To have a realistic results of the pounding effects in modeling process of retrofitting buildings, the present research provides seismic Probability Factors (PFs), which can be used for estimating collision effects without engaging in...
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CONCRETE MIX DESIGN USING SIMPLE EQUATIONS
PublicationThe behaviour of concrete, whether fresh or har dened, depends basically on the beha viour of its components and the r elationship between them, ther efore, obtaining a concr ete with cer tain pr operties depends fundamentally on the concr ete mix design. Concr ete mix design gener ally includes two main steps: 1-Selection of the main components suitable for the concr...
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Concrete beams under bending - calculations of size effects within stochastic elasto-plasticity with non-local softening
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki numerycznej analizy efektów skali (efektu deterministycznego i stochastycznego) w belkach betonowych nacięciem poddanych zginaniu z uwzględnieniem lokalizacji odkształceń. Obliczenia wykonano przy zastosowaniu metody elementów skończonych i sprężysto-plastycznego modelu z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Pokazano wpływ wielkości belek betonowych na nośność.
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Discrete element method simulations of fracture in concrete under uniaxial compression based on its real internal structure
PublicationThe paper describes experimental and numerical results of concrete fracture under quasi-static uniaxial compression. Experimental uniaxial compression tests were performed on concrete cubic specimens. Fracture in concrete was detected at the aggregate level by means of three non-destructive methods: three-dimensional X-ray microcomputed tomography, two-dimensional scanning electron microscope and manual two-dimensional digital...
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Influence of low-temperature physical hardening on stiffness and tensile strength of asphalt concrete and stone mastic asphalt
PublicationThis paper presents laboratory testing of stiffness modulus and indirect tensile strength of three asphalt concrete (AC) and three stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixes after isothermal storage at temperature of -20oC, at different time intervals up to 16 days. The tests under repeated dynamic loading showed physical hardening of all tested mixes which was manifested by an evident increase of their stiffness moduli after isothermal...
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Data-Driven Modeling of Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete: A Critical Review
PublicationFiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is extensively used in diverse structural engineering applications, and its mechanical properties are crucial for designing and evaluating its performance. The compressive, flexural, splitting tensile, and shear strengths of FRCs are among the most important attributes, which have been discussed more extensively than other properties. The accurate prediction of these properties, which are required...
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Mechanical and fracture properties of concrete reinforced with recycled and industrial steel fibers using Digital Image Correlation technique and X-ray micro computed tomography
PublicationPaper presents investigation of fracture phenomenon in plain concrete and in concrete reinforced with both recycled steel fibers (RSF) and industrial steel fibers (ISF). The wedge splitting test (WST), which enables stable crack propagation for quasi-brittle materials, was carried out on 75 75 75 mm cube samples. Initially, fracture process zone development was investigated only on the surface of samples using Digital Image Correlation...
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An experimental study of self-sensing concrete enhanced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes in wedge splitting test and DIC
PublicationConcrete is the worldwide most utilized construction material because of its very good performance, forming ability, long-term durability, and low costs. Concrete is a brittle material prone to cracking. Extensive cracking may impact durability and performance over time considerably. The addition of a small amount of carbon nanotubes (CNT) increases the concrete’s overall electrical conductivity, enabling internal structure...
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Damage of a post-tensioned concrete bridge – Unwanted cracks of the girders
PublicationThe cracking of a post-tensioned T-beam superstructure, which was built using the incremental launching method, is analyzed in the paper. The problem is studied in detail, as specific damage was observed in the form of longitudinal cracks, especially in the mid-height zone of the girder at the interface of two assembly sections. The paper is a case study. A detailed inspection is done and non-destructive testing results of the...
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DETECTION OF DEBONDING IN STEEL BARS EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE USING GUIDED WAVE PROPAGATION
PublicationThe paper presents a non-destructive diagnostic technique based on guided wave propagation phenomenon used to assess the adhesive bonding between a steel bar and a concrete cover. Double-layered cylindrical specimens with different levels of debonding and its location were investigated. The influence of bonding length on the excitation of multiple modes of longitudinal guided waves was analysed. Numerical simulations of guided...
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A three-dimensional meso-scale approach to concrete fracture based on combined DEM with x-ray micro-CT images
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki numeryczne uzyskane stosując 3-wymiarowy mezoskopowy model do opisu pękania w betonie na poziomie kruszywa w belce z nacięciem podczas zginania. Do obliczeń użyto metodę elementów dyskretnych. Beton został opisany jako materiał 4-fazowy złożony z kruszywa, zaprawy, makro-porów i stref przejściowych miedzy kruszywem a zaprawą. Kształt i położenia kruszywa przyjęto na podstawie skanów z mikro-tomografu. Uzyskano...
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Notched concrete beams under bending - calculations of size effects within stochastic elasto-plasticity with non-local softening
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki numerycznej analizy efektów skali (efektu deterministycznego i stochastycznego) w belkach betonowych nacięciem poddanych zginaniu z uwzględnieniem lokalizacji odkształceń. Obliczenia wykonano przy zastosowaniu metody elementów skończonych i sprężysto-plastycznego modelu z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Pokazano wpływ wielkości belek na nośność z uwzględnieniem stochastycznego rozkładu wytrzymałości na...
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Appraisal of a hybrid air cleaning process
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Concrete versus green corridors in road planning. Gdansk case
PublicationThe aim of an article is to present the threats which may be caused by the construction of the transit road inside the city structure, and some mitigation measures aiming to eliminate or minimize environmental and landscape damages and social problems. Theoretical guidelines and conclusions will be followed by the example illustrating the problem. As an answer, some guidelines enabling sustainable road planning will be presented....
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Machine-learning methods for estimating compressive strength of high-performance alkali-activated concrete
PublicationHigh-performance alkali-activated concrete (HP-AAC) is acknowledged as a cementless and environmentally friendly material. It has recently received a substantial amount of interest not only due to the potential it has for being used instead of ordinary concrete but also owing to the concerns associated with climate change, sustainability, reduction of CO2 emissions, and energy consumption. The characteristics and amounts of the...
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Efektywność skrępowania betonu w grubościennych słupach typu Concrete-Filled Steel Tube o przekroju kołowym
PublicationW słupach typu CFST w stanie granicznym dochodzi do zwiększenia wytrzymałości betonu rdzenia na skutek jego skrępowania. Zaistnienie tego zjawiska zależy od wielu czynników. Jednym z najważniejszych z nich jest sztywność obwodowa płaszcza stalowego. Jej wpływ na efektywność wzrostu wytrzymałości betonu rdzenia przebadano eksperymentalnie na grupie 48 grubościennych słupów CFST. Wykazano, że nadmierne zwiększanie grubości płaszcza...
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OPTICAL STRAIN MEASUREMENT OF CONCRETE VERSUS MANUAL EXTENSOMETER MEASUREMENT BASED ON THE TEST RC DEEP BEAM IN A COMPLEX STATE OF STRESS
PublicationThe purpose of this study is to compare the strain measurement techniques of concrete in R-C element subjected to the monotonic load up to the failure. In the analysis manual extensometer methods of measurements and the optical system ARAMIS for non-contact three-dimensional measurements of deformation was used. The test sample was a cantilever deep beam loaded throughout the depth which was a part of the reinforced concrete deep...
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Investigation of low-temperature cracking in newly constructed high-modulus asphalt concrete base course of a motorway pavement
PublicationThe paper presents the issue of low-temperature transverse cracks which have developed in newly constructed base courses made of high-modulus asphalt concrete mix (HMAC). Numerous transverse cracks developed in the analysed HMAC base during the winter season before the pavement was actually completed, both at the transverse joint locations and in the areas between them. This had not happened so far on such a scale during road construction...
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The Impact of Homogeneity of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Layer on Low-Temperature Cracking
PublicationDuring winter season of 2012 numerous transverse cracks developed in high-modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) base of newly constructed motorway. Pavement cracked both in transverse joint locations and in the area between them. Research which was conducted during investigation of the causes and mechanisms of cracking consisted of: field examination, laboratory testing of specimens cored out of the existing pavement, computational analyses...
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Predicting Performance of Lightweight Concrete with Granulated Expanded Glass and Ash Aggregate by Means of Using Artificial Neural Networks
PublicationLightweight concrete (LWC) is a group of cement composites of the defined physical, mechanical, and chemical performance. The methods of designing the composition of LWC with the assumed density and compressive strength are used most commonly. The purpose of using LWC is the reduction of the structure’s weight, as well as the reduction of thermal conductivity index. The highest possible strength, durability and low thermal conductivity...
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Concrete elements cast in febric forms
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań wytrzymałościowych elementów betonowych wylewanych w wiotkich formach wykonanych z materiałów syntetycznych. Badania przeprowadzono dla modelu ściany/słupa. Zbadano mechaniczne i chemiczne własności 10 różnych materiałów syntetycznych. Wybrano materiał o przepuszczalności umożliwiającej wykonanie monolitycznej konstrukcji. Z 12 zbadanych mieszanek betonowych do dalszej analizy wyselekcjonowano trzy. Badania...
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Simulation of fracture process in fibrous concrete
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki modelowania procesu zarysowania w elementach betonowych zawierające stalowe włókna przy zastosowaniu dyskretnego modelu kratownicowego. Beton był modelowany na poziomie mezoskali z uwzględnieniem 5 faz: kruszywa, zaczynu cementowego, włókien i obu stref kontaktu. Obliczenia wykonano dla jednoosiowego ściskania oraz jednoosiowego rozciągania.
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Mesoscopic modelling of strain localization in concrete
PublicationArtykuł omawia obliczenie lokalizacji odkształceń w elementach betonowych poddanych zginaniu. Obliczenia wykonano dla betonu na poziomie mezo przy zastosowaniu modelu zniszczeniowego z degradacją sztywności rozszerzonego o nielokalność. Zbadano wpływ zagęszczenia kruszywa, wielkość kruszywa, kształtu kruszywa oraz długości charakterystycznej na szerokość lokalizacji.
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FE analysis of size effects in reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement based on stochastic elasto-plasticity with non-local softening.
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy MES dotyczącej deterministycznego i statystycznego efektu skali w żelbetowych belkach bez zbrojenia na ścinanie. W analizie zastosowano prawo sprężysto-plastyczne z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Wyniki analizy porównano z doświadczeniami i modelem skali Bazanta.
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Experimental investigation of Steel–Concrete–Polymer composite barrier for the ship internal tank construction
PublicationTransportation of dangerous cargo by ships demands ensuring an appropriate protection level in case of an accident. Two of the most dangerous accident types resulting in an oil spill are grounding and ship to ship collision. The article presents results of research on a new composite construction for a ship hull that increases structural safety during collision. The concept of semi-elastic Steel–Concrete–Polymer structure is presented....
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Some Aspects of Shear Behavior of Soft Soil–Concrete Interfaces and Its Consequences in Pile Shaft Friction Modeling
PublicationThis paper examines the stiffness degradation and interface failure load on soft soil–concrete interface. The friction behavior and its variability is investigated. The direct shear tests under constant normal load were used to establish parameters to hyperbolic interface model which provided a good approximation of the data from instrumented piles. Four instrumented piles were used to obtain reference soil–concrete interface behavior....
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Analytical approach for membrane action in laterally-restrained reinforced concrete square slabs under uniformly distributed loads
PublicationLaterally-restrained reinforced concrete slabs can mobilise compressive membrane action and subsequent tensile membrane action under extreme loading conditions, thereby enhancing the load resistance under uniformly distributed loads. Previous analytical study focuses primarily on tensile membrane action in simply-supported slabs. This paper describes an analytical approach for membrane action in laterally-restrained square slabs....
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Evaluation of the potential of Microwave Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectrometry for trace elements leaching assessment from the concrete matrix with sewage sludge ash additives
PublicationThe management of ash generated during the thermal utilization of sewage sludge is a significant environmental problem requiring an effective technological solution. One alternative way to dispose of sewage sludge is to bind it in concrete as a substitute for part of the aggregate. The properties of the C-S-H phase enable effective immobilization of harmful substances that sewage sludge contains. The amount of individual compounds...
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A pin-on-disc study of airborne wear particle emissions from studded tyre on concrete road contacts
PublicationStudded tyres wear surfaces of winter roads, generating inhalable airborne particles. In this study, four concrete road materials and two stud geometries were investigated in terms of wear, road material hardness and airborne particle concentration. The sliding contact between studded tyres and road materials was studied using a pin-on-disc machine in a clean chamber. The results show that the normal load and the stud size have...
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Thermal performance of building envelopes with structural layers of the same density: Lightweight aggregate concrete versus foamed concrete
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Field investigation of low-temperature cracking and stiffness moduli on selected roads with conventional and high modulus asphalt concrete
PublicationHigh Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) was introduced in Poland as a one of the solutions to the problem of rutting, type of deterioration common in the 1990s. After first encouraging trials in 2002 HMAC was widely used for heavily loaded national roads and motorways. However some concerns were raised about low-temperature cracking of HMAC. This was the main reason of the studies presented in this article were started. The article...
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3-D finite-difference time-domain modelling of ground penetrating radar for identification of rebars in complex reinforced concrete structures
PublicationThis paper presents numerical and experimental investigations to identify reinforcing bars using the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method. A novel element of the paper is the inspection of different arrangements of reinforcement bars. Two particular problems, i.e. detection of few adjacent transverse bars and detection of a longitudinal bar located over or under transverse reinforcement, have been raised. An attention was also...
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Machine learning-based seismic response and performance assessment of reinforced concrete buildings
PublicationComplexity and unpredictability nature of earthquakes makes them unique external loads that there is no unique formula used for the prediction of seismic responses. Hence, this research aims to implement the most well-known Machine Learning (ML) methods in Python software to propose a prediction model for seismic response and performance assessment of Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frames (RC MRFs). To prepare 92,400 data...
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Experimental and analytical analysis of punching shear in flat slabs supported on column topped with concrete head
PublicationAn experimental laboraatory test of the two series of slab-column elements topped with drop panels of varying sizes is described in this paper. The scope of the paper is to investigate the influence of the drop panel size and stiffness on the behaviour of the connection between the flat slab and the column topped by the concrete head. The impact of the head size and stiffness is analysed analytically and experimentally. The experimental...