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On instabilities and post-buckling of piezomagnetic and flexomagnetic nanostructures
PublicationWe focus on the mechanical strength of piezomagnetic beam-like nanosize sensors during post-buckling. An effective flexomagnetic property is also taken into account. The modelled sensor is selected to be a Euler-Bernoulli type beam. Long-range interactions between atoms result in a mathematical model based on the nonlocal strain gradient elasticity approach (NSGT). Due to possible large deformations within a post-buckling phenomenon,...
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Selectivity of amperometric gas sensors in multicomponent gas mixtures
PublicationIn recent years smog and poor air quality became a growing environmental problem. There is a need to continuously monitor the quality of air. The lack of selectivity is one of the most important problems limiting the use of gas sensors for this purpose. In this study, a selectivity of the six amperometric gas sensors is being investigated. Calibration of sensors has been performed in order to find a correlation between concentration...
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A measurement method for lossy capacitive relative humidity sensors based on a direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit
PublicationA new time-domain measurement method for determining the capacitance and resistance values of lossy relative humidity capacitive sensors is presented. The method is based on a direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface for microcontrollers with internal analog comparators and timers. The interface circuit consists only of four reference resistors (two reference resistors if a microcontroller includes a voltage reference source),...
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A METHOD OF TRUST MANAGEMENT IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
PublicationThe research problem considered in this paper is how to protect wireless sensor networks (WSN) against cyber-threats by applying trust management and how to strengthen network resilience to attacks targeting the trust management mechanism itself. A new method, called WSN Cooperative Trust Management Method (WCT2M), of distributed trust management in multi-layer wireless sensor networks is proposed and its performance is evaluated....
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Gdansk Bay sea bed sounding and classification of its results
PublicationThe main goal of this paper is to describe the results of sounding the Gdansk Bay sea bed by using a SES-2000 Standard parametric sub-bottom profiler. Quality of data obtained during trials depends inter alia on a proper location of transducer array to reduce influence of pitch, roll and heave motions as well as ship self noise (resulting from bubbles due to propeller and flow around hull, vibration generated by main engine and...
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Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at Boron-doped Diamond (BDD) Sensor by Means of Amperometric Technique
PublicationA boron-doped diamond (BDD) sensor was proposed for effective detection of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by means of amperometric technique. Thin boron doped diamond active sensor layer was deposited on Si wafer and glassy carbon substrate by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW PE CVD). The structure of BDD was confirmed by Raman spectra analysis. Broad Raman bands centered at 482 cm-1 and 1219 cm-1 are typical...
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Elektrochemiczny czujnik na bazie cieczy jonowej do oznaczania par benzaldehydu
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono prototypowy, laboratoryjny, elektrochemiczny czujnik do oznaczania par benzaldehydu w argonie. Cieczą jonową testowaną jako elektrolit i środowisko reakcji redox była: bis(trifluorometylosulfonylo)imidek 1-butylo,3-metyloimidazolinowy ([BMIM][Tf2N]). W pomiarach użyto komercyjnych elektrod firm: DropSens Co. i BVT Technologies. Walidacji poddano dwa parametry metrologiczne czujnika: granicę wykrywalności i...
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Efficiency of gas mixtures detection by resistive gas sensors
PublicationResistive gas sensors are very popular and are commonly used to detect various gases and their mixtures. Theeir main disadvantage is very limited selectivity. Practical use of gas sensors in environenmental applications requires determination of concentration of a few mixed gases at the same time. We would like to present recent results of gas detection improvement by utilizing a single gas sensor and additional measurements to...
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Guaranteeing Threshold Attendance of W/WSAN nodes in a reverted security paradigm
PublicationWe consider a Wireline/Wireless Sensor and Actor Network composed of sensor/actor nodes and a data sink/command center (DSCC). Each node controls a generic device that can be in- or out-of-service, corresponding to the ENABLED or DISABLED node state. The node senses the device's intention to change state, and notifies and/or requests the DSCC for authorization to act upon the device. Motivated by requirements for critical infrastructures...
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Fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot sensors – modeling versus measurements results
PublicationThis paper describes how parameters of investigated substances and the fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot sensing interferometer affect the spectrum of the optical radiation at the output of the sensor. First, the modeling of the operation of the sensing interferometer was conducted. Most important parameters and effects that were taken into account are: dependences of the refractive indices of the core and the cladding, as well the mode...
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Features extraction from the electrocatalytic gas sensor responses
PublicationOne of the types of gas sensors used for detection and identification of toxic-air pollutant is an electrocatalytic gas sensor. The electrocatalytic sensors are working in cyclic voltammetry mode, enable detection of various gases. Their response are in the form of I-V curves which contain information about the type and the concentration of measured volatile compound. However,...
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Measurements and Visualization of Sound Intensity Around the Human Head in Free Field Using Acoustic Vector Sensor
PublicationThis paper presents measurements and visualization of sound intensity around the human head simulator in a free field. A Cartesian robot, applied for precise positioning of the acoustic vector sensor, was used to measure sound intensity. Measurements were performed in a free field using a head and torso simulator and the setup consisting of four different loudspeaker configurations. The acoustic vector sensor was positioned around...
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Determination of chemical oxygen demand (cod) at boron-doped diamond (bdd) sensor by means of amperometric technique
PublicationA boron-doped diamond (BDD) sensor was proposed for effective detection of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by means of amperometric technique. Thin boron doped diamond active sensor layer was deposited on Si wafer and glassy carbon substrate by Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW PE CVD). The structure of BDD was confirmed by Raman spectra analysis. Broad Raman bands centered at 482 cm-1 and 1219 cm-1 are typical...
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Eventual Convergence of the Reputation-Based Algorithm in IoT Sensor Networks
PublicationUncertainty in dense heterogeneous IoT sensor networks can be decreased by applying reputation-inspired algorithms, such as the EWMA (Exponentially Weighted Moving Average) algorithm, which is widely used in social networks. Despite its popularity, the eventual convergence of this algorithm for the purpose of IoT networks has not been widely studied, and results of simulations are often taken in lieu of the more rigorous proof....
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Selective monitoring of noise emitted by vehicles involved in road traffic
PublicationAn acoustic intensity probe was developed measures the sound intensity in three orthogonal directions, making possible to calculate the azimuth and elevation angles, describing the sound source position. The acoustic sensor is made in the form of a cube with a side of 10 mm, on the inner surfaces of which the digital MEMS microphones are mounted. The algorithm works in two stages. The first stage is based on the analysis of sound...
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Investigation of Weigh-in-Motion Measurement Accuracy on the Basis of Steering Axle Load Spectra
PublicationWeigh-in-motion systems are installed in pavements or on bridges to identify and reduce the number of overloaded vehicles and minimise their adverse eect on road infrastructure. Moreover, the collected trac data are used to obtain axle load characteristics, which are very useful in road infrastructure design. Practical application of data from weigh-in-motion has become more common recently, which calls for adequate attention to...
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Application of Potentiometric Taste Sensor with All Solid State Electrodes for Distinguishing of Red Dry Wines from Polish and French Vineyards
PublicationOpracowano nowy potencjometryczny czujnik smaku z sześcioma różnymi elektrodami typu All Solid State Electrode (ASSE). Każda z elektrod zawiera dwie warstwy: polimer przewodzący i membranę lipidowo-polimerową, w której rozpuszczone są poszczególne związki lipidowe. Potencjometryczny sensor smaku charakteryzuje się globalną selektywnością. Zastosowano go w celu odróżnienia próbek wytrawnych czerwonych win pochodzących z różnych...
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Time window based features extraction from temperature modulated gas sensors for prediction of ammonia concentration
PublicationElectronic gas recognition systems, in literature commonly referred as electronic noses, enable the recognition of a type and a concentration of various volatile compounds. Typical electronic gas-analyzing device consists of four main elements, namely, gas delivery subsystem, an array of gas sensors, data acquisition and power supply circuits and data analysis software. The commercially available metal-oxide TGS sensors are widely...
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Determination of Odor Air Quality Index (OAQII) Using Gas Sensor Matrix
PublicationThis article presents a new way to determine odor nuisance based on the proposed odor air quality index (OAQII), using an instrumental method. This indicator relates the most important odor features, such as intensity, hedonic tone and odor concentration. The research was conducted at the compost screening yard of the municipal treatment plant in Central Poland, on which a self-constructed gas sensor array was placed. It consisted...
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Localization in wireless sensor networks using switched parasitic antennas
PublicationA switched parasitic monopole antenna for 2.4 GHz ISM applications is design and investigated in this paper. One of the most promising applications for such switched-beam antennas is localization in wireless sensor networks (WSN). It is demonstrated that the use of this antenna improves accuracy of localization algorithms and allows for reduction of the number of reference nodes in localization system.
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Microscale diamond protection for a ZnO coated fiber optic sensor
PublicationFiber optic sensors are widely used in environmental, biological and chemical sensing. Due to the demanding environmental conditions in which they can be used, there is a risk of damaging the sensor measurement head placed in the measuring field. Sensors using nanolayers deposited upon the fiber structure are particularly vulnerable to damage. A thin film placed on the surface of the fiber end-face can be prone to mechanical damage...
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Multiple sound sources localization in free field using acoustic vector sensor
PublicationMethod and preliminary results of multiple sound sources localization in free field using the acoustic vector sensor were presented in this study. Direction of arrival (DOA) for considered source was determined based on sound intensity method supported by Fourier analysis. Obtained spectrum components for considered signal allowed to determine the DOA value for the particular frequency independently. The accuracy of the developed...
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Sandwich Biobattery with Enzymatic Cathode and Zinc Anode Integrated with Sensor
PublicationCarbon paper covered with side-naphthylated multi walled carbon nanotubes was used as the conducting support for the construction of a biocathode in a hybrid biofuel cell. Laccase Carrena unicolor enzyme was employed as the catalyst for the 4e reduction of oxygen and a zinc disc covered with hopeite was used as the anode. Derivatized carbon nanotubes increase the working surface of the electrode and provide direct contact with...
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EFFICIENCY OF GAS MIXTURES DETECTION BY RESISTIVE GAS SENSORS
PublicationResistive gas sensors are very popular and are commonly used to detect various gases and their mixtures. Their main disadvantage is very limited selectivity. Practical use of gas sensors in environmental applications (e.g., in sewage systems to protect workers, in air conditioning systems to monitor atmosphere quality) requires determination of concentration of a few mixed gases at the same time. We would like to present recent...
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An electronic nose for quantitative determination of gas concentrations
PublicationThe practical application of human nose for fragrance recognition is severely limited by the fact that our sense of smell is subjective and gets tired easily. Consequen tly, there is considerable need for an instrument that can be a substitution of the human sense of smell. Electronic nose devices from the mid 1980s are used in growing number of applications. They comprise an array of several electrochemical gas sensors...
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Acoustic imaging of selected areas of Gdansk Bay with the aid of parametric echosounder and side-scan sonar
PublicationThe article presents and analyses the data recorded during sounding of the Gdansk Bay seabed with the aid of a parametric echosounder and a side-scan sonar. The accuracy of seabed structure examination, as a condition for obtaining valuable results, requires correct configuration of echolocation devices and proper calibration of peripheral devices, such as the survey unit geographical position sensor – GPS, the navigation unit,...
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Multiple sound sources localization in real time using acoustic vector sensor
PublicationMethod and preliminary results of multiple sound sources localization in real time using the acoustic vector sensor were presented in this study. Direction of arrival (DOA) for considered source was determined based on sound intensity method supported by Fourier analysis. Obtained spectrum components for considered signal allowed to determine the DOA value for the particular frequency independently. The accuracy of the developed...
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Design of a Cellular Dual-Band Sticker Antenna for Thickness-Independent 3D-Printed Substrates
PublicationAdditive manufacturing technology provides high flexibility in designing custom enclosures for prototype devices such as nodes of distributed sensor networks. Although integration of components is desired from the perspective of sensor mobility, it might negatively affect the performance of radio-connectivity due to couplings between the antenna and system peripherals, as well as other unaccounted effects of the 3D printed enclosure....
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Impedance-based sensing of the interlayer adhesion loss in organic coating systems.
PublicationZmienne parametry środowiska takie jak: temperatura,wilgotność i promieniowanie UV powodują degradację własności ochronnych powłok organicznych. Stosując sensor w postaci elektrod wykonanych z prądoprzewodzącego tuszu umieszczonych pomiędzy warstwami zestawu oraz technikę spektroskopii impedancyjnej stwierdzono możliwość monitorowania utraty adhezji międzywarstwowej.
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Optoelektroniczne sensory fluorescencyjne dla monitoringu zanieczyszczeń środowiska
Publicationw pracy zaproponowano i opisano optoelektroniczny fluorescencyjny sensor do pomiaru stężenia kobaltu w wodzie. opisano zasadę działania tego typu sensorów. zaproponowano konfigurację laboratoryjnego stanowiska pomiarowego i przeprowadzono dobór niektórych jego komponentów. przedstawiono także etapy dalszych prac badawczych nad konstrukcją sensora.
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Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), electronic noses (e-noses) and electronic tongues (e-tongues) for in vivo food flavour measurement
PublicationThe capter revies two types of artificial olfaction instrumentation, i.e. gas-chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) and chemical sensor technologies (electronic nose and tongue), combined with multivariate data processing methods as promising approaches for rapid analysis of food. The chapter also includes examples of specific applications for the detection of food flavour and volatile components.
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The Transmission Protocol of Sensor Ad Hoc Networks
PublicationThis paper presents a secure protocol for a radio Ad Hoc sensor network. This network uses the TDMA multiple access method. The transmission rate on the radio channel is 57.6 kbps. The paper presents the construction of frames, types of packets and procedures for the authentication, assignment of time slots available to the node, releasing assigned slots and slots assignment conflict detection.
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All solid state electrodes taste sensor with modified polymer membranes for discrimination of mineral water with different CO2 content
PublicationA potentiometric taste sensor with All Solid State Electrodes containing five all solid state electrodes with appropriate lipophilic compounds (benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride, dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and phytol) embedded in a polymer membrane was applied for discrimination of mineral water samples differed in CO2 content. Samples of still, slightly sparkling, and sparkling Naleczowianka...
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Efficiency of linear and non-linear classifiers for gas identification from electrocatalytic gas sensor
PublicationElectrocatalytic gas sensors belong to the family of electrochemical solid state sensors. Their responses are acquired in the form of I-V plots as a result of application of cyclic voltammetry technique. In order to obtain information about the type of measured gas the multivariate data analysis and pattern classification techniques can be employed. However, there is a lack of information in literature about application of such...
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Simple Measurement Method for Resistive Sensors Based on ADCs of Microcontrollers
PublicationA new, complete measurement method for resistance measurement of resistive sensors for systems based on microcontrollers equipped with analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is proposed. The interface circuit consists of only four resistors, including a resistive sensor and a reference resistor, connected directly to the microcontroller pins. It is activated only during measurements, which significantly reduces power consumption....
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A Simple Neural Network for Collision Detection of Collaborative Robots
PublicationDue to the epidemic threat, more and more companies decide to automate their production lines. Given the lack of adequate security or space, in most cases, such companies cannot use classic production robots. The solution to this problem is the use of collaborative robots (cobots). However, the required equipment (force sensors) or alternative methods of detecting a threat to humans are usually quite expensive. The article presents...
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On Memory-Based Precise Calibration of Cost-Efficient NO2 Sensor Using Artificial Intelligence and Global Response Correction
PublicationNitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a prevalent air pollutant, particularly abundant in densely populated urban regions. Given its harmful impact on health and the environment, precise real-time monitoring of NO2 concentration is crucial, particularly for devising and executing risk mitigation strategies. However, achieving precise measurements of NO2 is challenging due to the need for expensive and cumbersome equipment. This has spurred...
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Functional fluorine-doped tin oxide coating for opto-electrochemical label-free biosensors
PublicationSensors operating in multiple domains, such as optical and electrochemical, offer properties making biosensing more effective than those working in a single domain. To combine such domains in one sensing device, materials offering a certain set of properties are required. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) thin film is discussed in this work as functional optically for guiding lossy modes and simultaneously electrochemically, i.e....
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Calix[4]arenes appended with thioamide moieties as powerful tool for heavy metals recognition
PublicationSelectivity of new thioamide derivatives was assessed using those ligands as sensor materials in ion-selective membrane electrodes and tested towards Pb2+ - selectivity. The influence of the nature of the thioamide function (linear, branched or cyclic substituents) on their ionophoric properties was investigated. Electrodes based on cyclic thioamide moieties are promising analytical tools for monitoring Pb2+ concentration in natural...
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The secure transmission protocol of sensor Ad Hoc network
PublicationThe paper presents a secure protocol of radio Ad Hoc sensor network. This network operates based on TDMA multiple access method. Transmission rate on the radio channel is 57.6 kbps. The paper presents the construction of frames, types of packets and procedures for the authentication, assignment of time slots available to the node, releasing assigned slots and slots assignment conflict detection.
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Low-power device simulator for micro-energy measurement methods testing
PublicationThe paper presents low-power device simulator designed for testing of micro-energy measurement methods. Such kind methods can be used for evaluation of power systems based on Energy Harvesting. The device allows to set the current consumption characteristic over the time, thus making possible playing the role of different types of low-power devices e.g. simulating sensor network node.
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Compensation of magnetic disturbances caused by sensors in a differential magnetometric system
PublicationStudy of low magnetic fields necessitates the use of precision magnetometers working in a differential system. Minimization of this error is a substantial issue in the case of magnetometers working in a differential system on a mobile platform. The compensation method of heading error consists in taking measurements of changes in magnetic induction with the use of the tested magnetometer for various locations of the sensor in relation...
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RECENT ADVANCES IN GRAPHENE APPLICATION FOR ELECTRONIC SENSING
PublicationThe great interest in graphene is caused by its potential for constructing various sensors exhibiting excellent parameters. The high carrier mobility and the unique band structure of graphene makes it promising especially in the field-effect transistors (GFET) applications. In this article, recent advances of the selected graphene-based sensor applications were presented and the possible directions for further investigations were...
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Planar Microwave Bragg Reflector Resonant Dielectric Sensor
PublicationIn this paper, a periodic structure is used to design a microwave Bragg reflector with the help of hexagonal lattice, which provides a 5 GHz wide stopband between the low-pass band with cut-off frequency 2.6 GHz and the bandpass response with start and stop frequency 7.8 GHz and 10.5 GHz, respectively. A defect in lattice allows passing a narrowband signal at 6 GHz which is found, from the dispersion relation, to be in the region...
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Soft Sensor Application in Identification of the Activated Sludge Bulking Considering the Technological and Economical Aspects of Smart Systems Functioning
PublicationThe paper presented the methodology for the construction of a soft sensor used for activated sludge bulking identification. Devising such solutions fits within the current trends and development of a smart system and infrastructure within smart cities. In order to optimize the selection of the data-mining method depending on the data collected within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a number of methods were considered, including:...
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Nanocrystalline diamond sheets as protective coatings for fiber-optic measurement head
PublicationFiber-optic sensors find numerous applications in science and industry, but their full potential is limited because of the risk of damaging the measurement head, in particular, due to the vulnerability of unprotected tips of the fiber to mechanical damage and aggressive chemical agents. In this paper, we report the first use of a new nanocrystalline diamond structure in a fiber-optic measurement head as a protective coating of...
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Non-Gaussian Resistance Fluctuations in Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Gas Sensors: An Appraisal of Different Evaluation Techniques
PublicationVolatile organic compounds, such as formaldehyde, can be used as biomarkers in human exhaled breath in order to non-invasively detect various diseases, and the same compounds are of much interest also in the context of environmental monitoring and protection. Here, we report on a recently-developed gas sensor, based on surface-functionalized gold nanoparticles, which is able to generate voltage noise with a distinctly non-Gaussian...
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An NO2 sensor based on WO3 thin films for automotive applications in the microwave frequency range
PublicationA microwave system dedicated to the detection of nitrogen dioxide in the harsh environment of the Norway highways is proposed. An optimized transmission line type of sensor coated with a tungsten trioxide thin film that changes its electrical properties under NO2 gas exposure is developed. The sensors' response (S) is given in °/GHz and it is calculated based on wideband measurements. The advantage of wideband measurements in comparison...
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Predictions of cervical cancer identification by photonic method combined with machine learning
PublicationCervical cancer is one of the most commonly appearing cancers, which early diagnosis is of greatest importance. Unfortunately, many diagnoses are based on subjective opinions of doctors—to date, there is no general measurement method with a calibrated standard. The problem can be solved with the measurement system being a fusion of an optoelectronic sensor and machine learning algorithm to provide reliable assistance for doctors...
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Interlayer defect evolution in an coating system on steel under hydromechanical loading
PublicationZaprezentowano wyniki pomiarów impedancyjnych obszaru międzywarstwowego w systemie powłokowym poddanym naprężeniom. Przedstawiono nowy sensor który jest zdolny do detekcji defektów w obszarze międzywarstwowym. Dwuwarstwowy system powłokowy przeznacziony do zastosowań morskich zbadano w celu określenia jego odporności na oddziaływanie cyklicznych naprężeń i zanurzeń w 3% roztworze NaCl.