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Liquid residence time in vortex separators
PublicationCentrifugal force enhances gravitational separation of suspension (vortex separators), as well as allows regulation of liquid discharge (vortex flow controls). Furthermore, it elongates the effective residence time of liquid inside the chamber in comparison to non-circulative flow. Laboratorz measurements, described in the paper, indicate that average liquid residence time for circulative flow exceeds 50% of plug-flow time,...
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Research and Analysis of Accuracy of Location Estimation in Inertial Navigation System
PublicationIn the article the research and analysis of digital signal processing and its influence on accuracy of location estimation in developed inertial navigation system was presented. The purpose of the system is to localize moving people in indoor environment. During research a measuring unit for recording selected movement parameters was made. In the article were also described author’s inertial navigation algorithms.
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On the lower smoothing bound in identification of time-varying systems
PublicationIn certain applications of nonstationary system identification the model-based decisions can be postponed, i.e. executed with a delay. This allows one to incorporate in the identification process not only the currently available information, but also a number of ''future'' data points. The resulting estimation schemes, which involve smoothing, are not causal. Assuming that the infinite observation history is available, the paper...
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On ''cheap smoothing'' opportunities in identification of time-varying systems
PublicationIn certain applications of nonstationary system identification the model-based decisions can be postponed, i.e. executed with a delay. This allows one to incorporate into the identification process not only the currently available information, but also a number of ''future'' data points. The resulting estimation schemes, which involve smoothing, are not causal. Despite the possible performance improvements, the existing smoothing...
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Influence of ESPAR antenna radiation patterns shape on PPCC-based DoA estimation accuracy
PublicationIn the article, we show the influence of three different electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna radiation patterns on the overall direction of arrival (DoA) estimation accuracy when power-pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) algorithm, relying on received signal strength (RSS) values, is used for the estimation. The ESPAR antenna designs were obtained for three optimization goals, which resulted in different...
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Jaw biomechanics: Estimation of activity of muscles acting at the temporomandibular joint
PublicationThe aim of this study was to elaborate a method of estimation of activity of surface muscles acting at the temporomandibular joint of the healthy subjects by using a surface electromyography (EMG). The scope of this study involved testing chosen jaw motions (open, close, lateral deviation) and process of mastication occurring during eating food with different toughness (chewing gum, cereal and carrot) by using mixed sides, right...
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Improving the accuracy of bearing in active sonar with cylindrical array using spectrum estimation.
PublicationThe articles presents a method for improving the accuracy of bearing in multibeam sonar with a cylindrical array. Based on a known spatial spectrum estimation technique, the method has been successfully used in linear array systems. Its accuracy of bearing is satisfactory and ensures a relatively low computational effort. The article discusses certain simplifications and assumptions to adapt the spatial spectrum estimation technique...
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Capacity Estimation of the OFDMA and SC-FDMA Radio Interface for UMTS-LTE
PublicationIn the paper a method of capacity estimation for the UMTS-LTE interface is presented. Both the OFDMA and SC-FDMA technology has been considered. A method of physical resource allocation for users is mentioned and analytical results of theoretical throuhput calculation are described.
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Problems in estimation of hand grip force based on EMG signal
PublicationThere has recently been a significant increase in the number of publications on and applications of bioelectric signals for diagnostic purposes. While the use of ECG (electrocardiography) is not surprising, the use of signals from registration of brain activity (EEG) and muscles activity (EMG) still finds new applications in various fields. The authors focus on the use of EMG signals for estimating hand grip force. Currently,...
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A Novel Approach of Using Selected Unconventional Geodesic Methods of Estimation on VTS Areas
PublicationThe Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) systems belong to the fundamental tools used in ensuring a high level of safety across sea basins with heavy traffic, where the presence of navigational hazards poses a great risk of collision or a ship running aground. In order to determine the mutual location of ships, VTS systems obtain information from different facilities, such as coastal radar stations, AIS, and vision systems. Fixing a ship’s...
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Respiratory Rate Estimation Based on Detected Mask Area in Thermal Images
PublicationThe popularity of non-contact methods of measuring vital signs, particularly respiratory rate, has increased during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Breathing parameters can be estimated by analysis of temperature changes observed in thermal images of nostrils or mouth regions. However, wearing virus-protection face masks prevents direct detection of such face regions. In this work, we propose to use an automatic mask detection approach...
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Robust Parameter Estimation and Output Prediction for Reactive Carrier-Load Nonlinear Dynamic Networks
PublicationIn this paper an extension of on-line model simplification technique for a class of networked systems, namely reactive carrier-load nonlinear dynamic networked system (RCLNDNS), kept within point-parametric model (PPM) framework is addressed. The PPM is utilised to acquire a piece wise constant time-varying parameter linear structure for the RCLNDNS suitable for the on-line one step ahead prediction that may be applied to monitoring...
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Soft-decision schemes for radar estimation of elevation at low grazing angles
PublicationIn modern radars, the problem of estimating elevation angle at low grazing angles is typically solved using superresolution techniques. These techniques often require one to provide an estimate of the number of waveforms impinging the array, which one can accomplish using model selection techniques. In this paper, we investigate the performance of an alternative approach, based on the Bayesian-like model averaging. The Bayesian...
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Estimation of a single balun parameters on the base of back-to-back measurements
PublicationA method of estimation of a single balun S parameters based on the measured parameters of back-to-back configuration is presented in the paper. Proposed approach is to measure two back-to-back circuits: i) direct connection of baluns and ii) connection with additional transmission line segment between the baluns. Coupling effects in both circuits are calculated from full-wave simulations. Next they are applied to estimate the parameters...
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Calibration of acoustic vector sensor based on MEMS microphones for DOA estimation
PublicationA procedure of calibration of a custom 3D acoustic vector sensor (AVS) for the purpose of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation, is presented and validated in the paper. AVS devices working on a p-p principle may be constructed from standard pressure sensors and a signal processing system. However, in order to ensure accurate DoA estimation, each sensor needs to be calibrated. The proposed algorithm divides the calibration process...
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Asphalt concrete subjected to long-time loading at low temperatures – Deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle
PublicationThe article presents the observed deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle of asphalt concretes, tested in the bending beam creep test at low temperatures for a long time of loading. In almost all tested asphalt concretes, deviations appeared after 500 s of loading at the temperature of -10 C. Some types of bitumen presented deviations at other temperatures – usually the harder the grade of the bitumen, the...
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Study of probe signal bandwidth influence on estimation of coherence bandwidth for underwater acoustic communication channel
PublicationA signal transmitted in a shallow Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) channel suffers from time dispersion due to the multipath propagation and the refraction phenomena. This causes intersymbol interference of the received signal and frequency-selective fading observed in its spectrum. Coherence bandwidth is one of the key transmission parameters used for designing the physical layer of a data transmission system to minimise...
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Simple 2-D Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using an ESPAR Antenna
PublicationIn this letter, it has been shown how an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna can be used for 2-D direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation employing received signal strength (RSS) values only. The proposed approach relies on changes in RSS values recorded at the antenna output port observed for different vertical and horizontal directions, while antenna’s main beam sweeps 360° area around the ESPAR antenna. Based...
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Estimation of the smoothness of density
PublicationZdefiniowano parametr gładkości w klasach Biesowa. Skonstruowano estymator gładkości.
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Shape-Based Pose Estimation of Robotic Surgical Instruments
PublicationWe describe a detector of robotic instrument parts in image-guided surgery. The detector consists of a huge ensemble of scale-variant and pose-dedicated, rigid appearance templates. The templates, which are equipped with pose-related keypoints and segmentation masks, allow for explicit pose estimation and segmentation of multiple end-effectors as well as fine-grained non-maximum suppression. We train the templates by grouping examples...
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Energy consumption estimation of low-power devices using an integrating coulombmeter
PublicationThe main problem in designing devices powered with Energy Harvesting is an estimation of energy demand of low-power devices as well as quantity of energy provided by the selected energy transducer in the assumed work conditions. Due to the work characteristic of each block of the device and properties of the measured signal, measurement is not trivial. The paper presents the proposal of the micro-charge measurement device based...
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Asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA) method
PublicationA new method for a location service in the asynchronous wireless sensor networks is outlined. This method, which is called asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA), enables calculation of the position of a mobile node without knowledge of relative time differences (RTDs) between measuring sensors. The ATDOA method is based on the measurement of time difference of arrival between the node and the same sensor at the discrete...
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Evaluating Accuracy of Respiratory Rate Estimation from Super Resolved Thermal Imagery
PublicationNon-contact estimation of Respiratory Rate (RR) has revolutionized the process of establishing the measurement by surpassing some issues related to attaching sensors to a body, e.g. epidermal stripping, skin disruption and pain. In this study, we perform further experiments with image processing-based RR estimation by using various image enhancement algorithms. Specifically, we employ Super Resolution (SR) Deep Learning (DL) network...
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Analysis of the Accuracy of Pulse Estimation Using Smart Watches
PublicationThe purpose of this paper is to perform an analysis of the accuracy of the pulse estimation by comparing readings from a smartwatch with readings from medical devices. The study required writing applications that allow continuous pulse measurement. As a result, two applications were created for the smartwatch. The first one is dedicated to Android Wear devices, while the other one is compatible with Tizen watches. The next step...
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TASTE QUALITIES ESTIMATION BY TASTE SENSE AND ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS
PublicationThe principles of taste sense and kinds of tastes (sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami and fat) have been described. Food quality estimation by taste sense: organoleptic testing and sensory analysis has been presented. The principle of operation of potentiom etric sensor composed of several Ion Selective Electrodes or All Solid State Electrodes with polymeric membranes and macromolecular chemical compounds sensitive to substances...
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Residence time distribution in rapid multiphase reactors
PublicationResidence time distribution (RTD) provides information about average hydraulic residence time and the distribution of material in the reactor. A method for determining RTD for reactors with very short hydraulic residence times is deconvolution based on extraction of real RTD by the analysis of a non-ideal input signal. The mean residence time and dispersion were determined for the spinning fluids reactor (SFR). For the first time...
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New Method for Increasing Precision of Position Estimation of a Moving Person in Hybrid Inertial Navigation System
PublicationIn this article a new method for increasing precision of position estimation of inertial navigation in hybrid localization system with reduced number of reference nodes for radio distance measurements is presented. Measuring tests were carried out to verify precision of position estimation of moving person in indoor environment.
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Improving Accuracy of Respiratory Rate Estimation by Restoring High Resolution Features With Transformers and Recursive Convolutional Models
PublicationNon-contact evaluation of vital signs has been becoming increasingly important, especially in light of the COVID- 19 pandemic, which is causing the whole world to examine people’s interactions in public places at a scale never seen before. However, evaluating one’s vital signs can be a relatively complex procedure, which requires both time and physical contact between examiner and examinee. These re- quirements limit the number...
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Real-time speech-rate modification experiments
PublicationAn algorithm designed for real-time speech time scale modification (stretching) is proposed, providing a combination of typical synchronous overlap and add based time scale modification algorithm and signal redundancy detection algorithms that allow to remove parts of the speech signal and replace them with the stretched speech signal fragments. Effectiveness of signal processing algorithms are examined experimentally together...
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Equations with Separated Variables on Time Scales
PublicationWe show that the well-known theory for classical ordinary differential equations with separated variables is not valid in case of equations on time scales. Namely, the uniqueness of solutions does not depend on the convergence of appropriate integrals.
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RSS-Based DoA Estimation Using ESPAR Antenna for V2X Applications in 802.11p Frequency Band
PublicationIn this paper, we have proposed direction-of arrival (DoA) estimation of incoming signals for V2X applications in 802. 11p frequency band, based on recording of received signal strength (RSS) at electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna's output port. The motivation of the work was to prove that ESPAR antenna used to increase connectivity and security in V2X communication can be also used for DoA estimation....
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ANN for human pose estimation in low resolution depth images
PublicationThe paper presents an approach to localize human body joints in 3D coordinates based on a single low resolution depth image. First a framework to generate a database of 80k realistic depth images from a 3D body model is described. Then data preprocessing and normalization procedure, and DNN and MLP artificial neural networks architectures and training are presented. The robustness against camera distance and image noise is analysed....
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Estimation of blood pressure parameters using ex-Gaussian model
PublicationThe paper presents an example of model-based estimation of blood pressure parameters (onset, systolic and diastolic pressure) from continuous measurements. First, the signal was low pass filtered and its quality was estimated. Good quality periods were divided into beats using an electrocardiogram. Next, the beginning of each beat of the blood pressure signal was approximated basing on the function created from the sum of two independent...
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Influence of ESPAR Antenna Radiation Patterns Shape on PPCC-Based DoA Estimation Accuracy
PublicationIn the article, we show the influence of three different electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna radiation patterns on the overall direction of arrival (DoA) estimation accuracy when power-pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) algorithm, relying on received signal strength (RSS) values, is used for the estimation. The ESPAR antenna designs were obtained for three optimization...
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Investigating the Impact of Weather Conditions and Time of Day on Traffic Flow Characteristics
PublicationAdverse weather such as rain, snow, and fog may significantly reduce visibility or change adhesion properties and, as a consequence, affect drivers’ sense of safety, driving comfort, and their reaction to a changing driving environment (i.e., lower speed and increased headways). The changed behavior of individual drivers affects both traffic flow characteristics, that is, average speed and headways, and parameters related to highway...
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Closer Look at the Uncertainty Estimation in Semantic Segmentation under Distributional Shift
PublicationWhile recent computer vision algorithms achieve impressive performance on many benchmarks, they lack robustness - presented with an image from a different distribution, (e.g. weather or lighting conditions not considered during training), they may produce an erroneous prediction. Therefore, it is desired that such a model will be able to reliably predict its confidence measure. In this work, uncertainty estimation for the task...
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Time-frequency analysis in optical coherence tomography for technical objects examination
PublicationOptical coherence tomography (OCT) is one of the most advanced optical measurement techniques for complex structure visualization. The advantages of OCT have been used for surface and subsurface defect detection in composite materials, polymers, ceramics, non-metallic protective coatings, and many more. Our research activity has been focused on timefrequency spectroscopic analysis in OCT. It is based on time resolved spectral analysis...
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Multiresolution analysis and adaptive estimation on a sphere using stereographic wavelets
PublicationWe construct an adaptive estimator of a density function on d dimensional unit sphere Sd (d ≥ 2), using a new type of spherical frames. The frames, or as we call them, stereografic wavelets are obtained by transforming a wavelet system, namely Daubechies, using some stereographic operators. We prove that our estimator achieves an optimal rate of convergence on some Besov type class of functions by adapting to unknown smoothness....
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Preliminary estimation of groundwater recharge on Brda river outwash plain
PublicationEstimation of groundwater recharge is one of the most challenging subjects in hydrogeology. It is a critical factor influencing the pollution migration, assessment of aquifer vulnerability to contamination, small-scale groundwater budget calculation, modeling of nutrient cycling and detailed flow path calculations. In Poland an infiltration rate method is widely used, which depends on a system of rate coefficients referring to...
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Nonreciprocal cavities and the time-bandwidth limit: comment
PublicationIn their paper in Optica 6, 104 (2019), Mann et al. claim that linear, time-invariant nonreciprocal structures cannot overcome the time-bandwidth limit and do not exhibit an advantage over their reciprocal counterparts, specifically with regard to their time-bandwidth performance. In this Comment, we argue that these conclusions are unfounded. On the basis of both rigorous full-wave simulations and insightful physical justifications,...
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On Radar DoA Estimation and Tilted Rotating Electronically Scanned Arrays
PublicationWe consider DoA estimation in a monopulse radar system employing a tilted rotating array. We investigate the case of nonzero steering angles, in which case the mapping between the target’s azimuth and elevation in the global coordinate system and their counterparts in the array local coordinate system becomes increasingly nonlinear and coupled. Since estimating the azimuth using coherently integrated signals might be difficult because...
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Detection and Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of Weak Spread Spectrum Signals Received with Antenna Array
PublicationThis paper presents a method for the joint detection and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of low probability of detection (LPD) signals. The proposed approach is based on using the antenna array to receive spread-spectrum signals hidden below the noise floor. Array processing exploits the spatial correlation between phase-delayed copies of the signal and allows us to evaluate the parameter used to make the decision about the...
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Calibration of precipitation estimation algorithm with particular emphasis on the Pomeranian region using high performance computing
PublicationFast and accurate precipitation estimation is an important element of remote atmosphere monitoring, as it allows, for example, to correct short-term weather forecasts and the prediction of several types of meteorological threats. The paper presents methodology for calibrating precipitation estimation algorithm based on MSG SEVIRI sensor data, and Optimal Cloud Analysis product available via EumetCast transmission. Calibration is...
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RSS-Based DoA Estimation in 802.11p Frequency Band Using ESPAR Antenna and PPCC-MCP Method
PublicationIn this paper, the concept of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation using electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna designed to operate in IEEE 802.11p vehicular communication standard has been investigated with respect to different possible elevation angles of a radio frequency (RF) signal impinging the antenna. To this end, two different possible sets of the 3D antenna radiation patterns have been used...
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Interspecific and intraspecific variation in organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls using non-destructive samples from Pygoscelis penguins
PublicationAs humans are present in Antarctica only for scientific and tourism-related purposes, it is often described as a pristine region. However, studies have identified measurable levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in the Antarctic region. These are highly toxic anthropogenic compounds with tendency to travel long distances and reach remote environments, where...
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RSS-based DoA Estimation Using ESPAR Antennas and Interpolated Radiation Patterns
PublicationIn this letter, it is shown how an algorithm, which employs received signal strength (RSS) values in order to estimate direction-of-arrival (DoA) of impinging signals in wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes equipped with electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas, can easily be improved by applying an interpolation algorithm to radiation patterns recorded in the calibration phase of the DoA estimation process....
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Cosmic-Time Quantum Mechanics and the Passage-of-Time Problem
PublicationA new dynamical paradigm merging quantum dynamics with cosmology is discussed.
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Pitch estimation of narrowband-filtered speech signal using instantaneous complex frequency
PublicationIn this paper we propose a novel method of pitch estimation, based on instantaneous complex frequency (ICF). New iterative algorithm for analysis of ICF of speech signal in presented. Obtained results are compared with commonly used methods to prove its accuracy and connection between ICF and pitch, particularly for narrowband-filtered speech signal.
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Pitch estimation of narrowband-filtered speech signal using instantaneous complex frequency
PublicationIn this paper we propose a novel method of pitch estimation, based on instantaneous complex frequency (ICF). New iterative algorithm for analysis of ICF of speech signal in presented. Obtained results are compared with commonly used methods to prove its accuracy and connection between ICF and pitch, particularly for narrowband-filtered speech signal.
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Non-Adaptive Speed and Position Estimation of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator in Grid-Connected Operations
PublicationThe nonadaptive speed and position estimation scheme for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented in this article. The observer structure is based on the extension of the mathematical model of DFIG to the introduced H vector. Based on the defined H vector, the nonadaptive position and speed estimation is proposed. The Lyapunov method is extended to the practical stability theorem to stabilize the structure. The classic...