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Search results for: DIGITAL PIXEL SENSOR (DPS)
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Hybrid‐mode single‐slope ADC with improved linearity and reduced conversion time for CMOS image sensors
PublicationIn the paper, a single‐slope analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) for integrated CMOS image sensor applications with an improved technique of conversion has been proposed. The proposed hybrid‐mode ADC automatically uses one of the following conversion techniques: time based (i.e. PWM) or voltage based (i.e. single‐slope). During the ADC operation, the clock frequency and reference voltage are modified in order to reduce the conversion...
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Single-Slope ADC With Embedded Convolution Filter for Global-Shutter CMOS Image Sensors
PublicationThis brief presents an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) suitable for acquisition and processing of images in the global-shutter mode at the pixel level. The ADC consists of an analog comparator, a multi-directional shift register for the comparator states, and a 16-bit reversible binary counter with programmable step size. It works in the traditional single-slope mode. The novelty is that during each step of the reference ramp,...
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On analog comparators for CMOS digital pixel applications. A comparative study
PublicationVoltage comparator is the only – apart from the light-to-voltage converter – analog component in the digital CMOS pixel. In this work, the influence of the analog comparator nonidealities on the performance of the digital pixel has been investigated. In particular, two versions of the digital pixel have been designed in 0.35 μm CMOS technology, each using a different type of analog comparator. The properties of both versions have...
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A CMOS Pixel With Embedded ADC, Digital CDS and Gain Correction Capability for Massively Parallel Imaging Array
PublicationIn the paper, a CMOS pixel has been proposed for imaging arrays with massively parallel image acquisition and simultaneous compensation of dark signal nonuniformity (DSNU) as well as photoresponse nonuniformity (PRNU). In our solution the pixel contains all necessary functional blocks: a photosensor and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with built-in correlated double sampling (CDS) integrated together. It is implemented in...
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In-ADC, Rank-Order Filter for Digital Pixel Sensors
PublicationThis paper presents a new implementation of the rank-order filter, which is established on a parallel-operated array of single-slope (SS) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The SS ADCs use an “on-the-ramp processing” technique, i.e., filtration is performed along with analog-to-digital conversion, so the final states of the converters represent a filtered image. A proof-of-concept 64 × 64 array of SS ADCs, integrated with MOS...
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An Analog Sub-Miliwatt CMOS Image Sensor With Pixel-Level Convolution Processing
PublicationA new approach to an analog ultra-low power medium-resolution vision chip design is presented. The prototype chip performs low-level image processing algorithms in real time. Only a photo-diode, MOS switches and two capacitors are used to create an analog processing element (APE) that is able to realize any convolution algorithm based on a full 3x3 kernel. The proof-of-concept circuit is implemented in 0.35 µm CMOS technology,...
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Development of beltless respiration and heartbeat sensor based on flexible piezoelectric film
PublicationThe main goal of this work is to report initial development on a respiration and heartbeat measurement sensor that can be used in continuous monitoring conditions at a minimal impact on the patient. General description of the sensor, consisting of a PVDF film and the bonding layer, is given. Open-circuit voltage generated by the sensor is estimated by analytical and numerical calculations. Analog and digital interface used to extract...
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Improvement of Fingerprinting Method based on Hill Cipher by using Frequency Domain
PublicationThe main goal of this paper is to present the advantages of a digital fingerprinting in a frequency domain over a pixel domain, in case of VoD services (Video on Demand). The paper presents basic issues of a multimedia data protection by digital fingerprinting. It also describes threats to embedded fingerprints from both collusion attacks and from a transmission itself. Possible solution was presented on the example of the DCT...
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Fixed Pattern Noise Reduction and Linearity Improvement in Time-Mode CMOS Image Sensors
PublicationIn the paper, a digital clock stopping technique for gain and offset correction in time-mode analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) has been proposed. The technique is dedicated to imagers with massively parallel image acquisition working in the time mode where compensation of dark signal non-uniformity (DSNU) as well as photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU) is critical. Fixed pattern noise (FPN) reduction has been experimentally validated...
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A Power-Efficient Digital Technique for Gain and Offset Correction in Slope ADCs
PublicationIn this brief, a power-efficient digital technique for gain and offset correction in slope analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) has been proposed. The technique is especially useful for imaging arrays with massively parallel image acquisition where simultaneous compensation of dark signal non-uniformity (DSNU) as well as photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU) is critical. The presented approach is based on stopping the ADC clock by...
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Time-domain measurement methods for R, L and C sensors based on aversatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit
PublicationtIn the paper new time-domain measurement methods for determining values of resistive (R), inductive(L) and capacitive (C) sensors based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface for microcon-trollers with internal analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and analog comparators (ACs) are presented.The interface circuit consists of a reference resistor Rrworking as a voltage divider, a given R, L or C sensorand a microcontroller...
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Detection of the Incoming Sound Direction Employing MEMS Microphones and the DSP
PublicationA 3D acoustic vector sensor based on MEMS microphones and its application to road traffic monitoring is presented in the paper. The sensor is constructed from three pairs of digital MEMS microphones, mounted on the orthogonal axes. Signals obtained from the microphones are used to compute sound intensity vectors in each direction. With this data, it is possible to compute the horizontal and vertical angle of an incoming sound....
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Review and comparison of smoothing algorithms for one-dimensional data noise reduction
PublicationThe paper considers the choice of parameters of smoothing algorithms for data denoising. The impact of the window size on smoothing accuracy was analyzed. The parameters of denoising filters were selected with respect to the meansquare error between the computed linear regression and the noisy signal. Finally, we have compared mean, median, SavitzkyGolay, Kalman and Gaussian filter algorithms for the data from the digital sensor....
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A measurement method for capacitive sensors based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit
PublicationIn the paper, there is presented a new time-domain measurement method for determining the capacitance values of capacitive sensors, dedicated, among others, to capacitive relative humidity sensors. The method is based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface for microcontrollers with internal analog comparators (ACs) and with precision voltage reference sources, e.g. digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The reference...
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Mechanical and radiation shielding properties of concrete reinforced with boron--basalt fibers using Digital Image Correlation and X--ray micro--computed tomography
PublicationThe paper presents experimental investigations of the radiation shielding, mechanical and fracture properties of concrete reinforced with 5 kg/m3 of novel basalt fibers infused with boron oxide (BBF). However, further studies concerning other dosages i.e. 1 kg/m3, 10 kg/m3, 15 kg/m3 and 20 kg/m3 are currently carried out. Experiments with neutron source revealed that addition of BBF as a dispersed concrete reinforcement could improve...
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Selective monitoring of noise emitted by vehicles involved in road traffic
PublicationAn acoustic intensity probe was developed measures the sound intensity in three orthogonal directions, making possible to calculate the azimuth and elevation angles, describing the sound source position. The acoustic sensor is made in the form of a cube with a side of 10 mm, on the inner surfaces of which the digital MEMS microphones are mounted. The algorithm works in two stages. The first stage is based on the analysis of sound...
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Simple Measurement Method for Resistive Sensors Based on ADCs of Microcontrollers
PublicationA new, complete measurement method for resistance measurement of resistive sensors for systems based on microcontrollers equipped with analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is proposed. The interface circuit consists of only four resistors, including a resistive sensor and a reference resistor, connected directly to the microcontroller pins. It is activated only during measurements, which significantly reduces power consumption....
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Akcelerator predykcji wewnątrzramkowej H.264 do kompresji obrazu w sensorach wizyjnych
PublicationW komunikacie przedstawiono konfigurowalny cyfrowy akcelerator predykcji wewnątrzramkowej przeznaczony dla enkodera wideo standardu H.264. Akcelerator realizuje predykcję typu „intra” dla makrobloków luminancji o wymiarach 4x4 i 16x16. Akcelerator wstępnie zaimplementowano w układzie FPGA, gdzie został on pomyślnie zweryfikowany, a następnie zaimplementowano go w układzie ASIC w technologii UMC 90 nm. Szczegółowe wyniki testów...
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Akcelerator predykcji wewnątrzramkowej H.264 do kompresji obrazu w sensorach wizyjnych
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono konfigurowalny cyfrowy akcelerator predykcji wewnątrzramkowej przeznaczony dla enkodera wideo standardu H.264. Akcelerator realizuje predykcję typu „intra” dla makrobloków luminancji o wymiarach 4x4 i 16x16. Akcelerator wstępnie zaimplementowano w układzie FPGA, gdzie został on pomyślnie zweryfikowany, a następnie zaimplementowano go w układzie ASIC w technologii UMC 90 nm. Szczegółowe wyniki testów akceleratora...
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Software-Defined NB-IoT Uplink Framework - The Design, Implementation and Use Cases
PublicationIn the radiocommunication area, we may observe a rapid growth of new technology, such as 5G. Moreover, all the newly introduced radio interfaces, e.g., narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), are strongly dependent on the software. Hence, the radiocommunication software development and optimization, as well as the 3GPP technical specification, should be introduced at the academic level of education. In this paper, a software-defined...
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Akcelerator transformacji DCT do kompresji obrazu w sensorach wizyjnych
PublicationW komunikacie przedstawiono konfigurowalny cyfrowy akcelerator transformacji DCT przeznaczony dla enkodera wideo standardu H.264. Akcelerator realizuje także odwrotnątransformacjęDCT oraz kwantyzacjęi dekwantyzację. Akcelerator początkowo zaimplementowano w układzie FPGA. Zostałon pomyślnie zweryfikowany, a następnie zaimplementowany w układzie ASIC w technologii UMC 90 nm. Szczegółowe wyniki testów akceleratora ASIC zostały...
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Quality Evaluation of Agricultural Distillates Using an Electronic Nose
PublicationThe paper presents the application of an electronic nose instrument to fast evaluation of agricultural distillates differing in quality. The investigations were carried out using a prototype of electronic nose equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co., an electronic circuit converting signal into digital form and a set of thermostats able to provide gradient temperature characteristics to a gas mixture. A volatile fraction...
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Pyrrole bearing diazocrowns: Selective chromoionophores for lead(II) optical sensing
PublicationDiazocrowns of 18-, 21- and 23-membered rings with pyrrole residue as a part of macrocycle were for the first time used as chromoionophores in lead(II) selective optodes. Sensing properties of optodes depend on the type of macrocycle, namely its size and the type of linker: oligoether or hydrocarbon chain. The best results were obtained for optode bearing 18-membered crown with oligoether linker showing linear response range of...
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Macrocyclic derivatives of imidazole as chromoionophores for bismuth(III)/lead(II) pair
Publication18-membered diazomacrocycles with imidazole or 4-methylimidazole residue as a part of macrocycle were used as chromoionophores in bismuth(III) and lead(II) dual selective optodes for the first time. Cellulose triacetate membranes doped with macrocyclic chromoionophores are bismuth(III) and lead(II) selective with color change from orange/red to different shades of blue and violet, respectively. Results obtained for model and real...
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COMPARISON OF SYSTEM ON CHIP TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS
PublicationThe paper presents a review of technologies available for the implementation of digital and mixed signal systems, particularly the system on a chip (SoC) for space applications. The phenomena encountered in the space environment are briefly presented, together with the known solutions, regarding the design of complex electronic systems. The most important norms regarding single die integrated circuits designed for space are also...