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Search results for: phase change materials
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A review of phase change materials and heat enhancement methodologies
PublicationPhase change materials (PCMs) are an efficient alternative to store and release heat at a specific range of temperature. Here PCMs and heat enhancement methodologies for PCM storage are reviewed. A short overview of PCMs and their applications is presented in addition to the progress during the last 10 years. Heat enhancement techniques, that is, extended surfaces, multiple and composite PCMs, and encapsulation techniques, are...
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Photovoltaic module temperature stabilization with the use of phase change materials
PublicationThe worldwide growth of photovoltaics (PVs) has formed an exponential curve for more than four decades. During this period of time, PVs have evolved from a pure niche market of small-scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. The influence of temperature on the electrical parameters of crystalline silicon solar cells and solar modules is well described in the literature. In order to diminish these effects,...
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Post-Pyrolytic Carbon as a Phase Change Materials (PCMs) Carrier for Application in Building Materials
PublicationThis article covers new application for char as a carrier of phase-change materials (PCM) that could be used as an additive to building materials. Being composed of bio-char and PCM, the granulate successfully competes with more expensive commercial materials of this type, such as Micronal® PCM. As a PCM carrier, char that was obtained from the pyrolysis of chestnut fruit (Aesculus hippocastanum) with different absorbances of the...
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Possibilities and benefits of a new method of modifying conventional building materials with phase-change materials (PCMs)
PublicationThe paper presents a current study devoted to the optimization of the amount of PCM present within traditional building materials, utilized in this case in hollow-brick walls. Authors focus on proposing an alternative to typical direct addition of PCM to existing building materials: introducing two- and three-component mixtures, based on a porous PCM carrier, which in this case was construction aggregate. Preliminary studies of...
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The Possibility of Phase Change Materials (PCM) Usage to Increase Efficiency of the Photovoltaic Modules
PublicationSolar energy is widely available, free and inexhaustible. Furthermore this source of energy is the most friendly to the environment. For direct conversion of solar energy into useful forms like of electricity and thermal energy, respectively photovoltaic cells and solar collectors are being used. Forecast indicate that the first one solution will soon have a significant part in meeting the global energy demand. Therefore it is...
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Probability estimation of the city’s energy efficiency improvement as a result of using the phase change materials in heating networks
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Phase change thermal energy storage – the experience of the materials preparation for the specific applications.
PublicationThermal energy storage and temperature stabilization is very important in many engineering applications. There are three kinds of thermal energy storage: sensible heat, latent heat and reversible chemical reaction heat. Phase change materials (PCM) absorb, store and release large amounts of energy in the form of latent heat, at constant temperature, called the transition temperature. Many innovative applications could be found...
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Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage – The Experience of the Materials Preparation for the Specific Applications.
PublicationThermal energy storage and temperature stabilization is very important in many engineering applications. There are three kinds of thermal energy storage: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage and reversible chemical reaction heat storage. Phase change materials (PCM) absorb, store and release large amounts of energy in the form of latent heat, at constant temperature, called the transition temperature. The amount of heat...
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Thermal properties of a cement composite containing phase change materials (PCMs) with post-pyrolytic char obtained from spent tyres as a carrier
PublicationThis work examines the possible use of post-pyrolysis char made from spent vehicle tyres as a carrier for phase change materials (PCM), which could be used as an additive to cement mortar. Because of the ability of PCM to accumulate heat, the cement composite obtained from it, apart from its structural and strength properties, will acquire an additional energy storage function, which can be very important for energy-saving construction. In...
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New Polymeric Materials for Solid Phase Extraction
PublicationSolid phase extraction (SPE) is a popular sample preparation technique, which can be applied directly in gas–solid phase and liquid–solid phase, or indirectly to solid samples by using, e.g., thermodesorption with subsequent chromatographic analysis. Although SPE can be described as a physical extraction process involving a liquid phase and a solid phase, the increased use of packed sorbent formats seems to have led to a bias toward...
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Solid Phase Microextraction: Apparatus, Sorbent Materials, and Application.
Publicationhe primary objective of this review article is to strategically screen and highlight the advancements in the area of solid phase microextraction (SPME). The plenty of review articles have been written on different aspects of SPME, this review is dedicated to provide the brief but clear overview of the research footprints so produced from SPME. Some of the key advancements in types and designs, coating materials, coating strategies,...
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Enantioselective Gel Phase Synthesis of Metal–Organic Materials
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Change of the Phase Composition and Strength of Al2O3–ZrO2-Ceramic After Hydrothermal Aging
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Thermophysical Properties of the Phase Change Material Mixtures – Preliminary Studies on Macromolecular Hydrocarbons Example.
PublicationThe aim of this work is a theoretical and experimental analysis of the macromolecular hydrocarbons mixtures composition and the impact on thermophysical parameters of the phase change materials (PCM) made from these mixtures. The analysis of the current state of knowledge extended by the author's own studies have been presented. Thermophysical characteristics of the hydrocarbons and their mixtures have been specified, in such a...
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Thermophysical properties of the phase change material mixtures – preliminary studies on macromolecular hydrocarbons example.
PublicationThe aim of this work is a theoretical and experimental analysis of the macromolecular hydrocarbon mixtures composition and the impact on thermophysical parameters of the phase change materials (PCM) made from these mixtures. The analysis of the current state of knowledge extended by the author’s own studies have been presented. Thermophysical characteristics of the hydrocarbons and their mixtures have been specified, in such a...
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Thermal analysis of macro-encapsulated phase change material coupled with domestic gas heater for building heating
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Experimental investigation of thermal energy storage in shell-and-multi-tube unit with nano-enhanced phase change material
PublicationThis paper deals with thermal energy storage with use of nanoparticle enhanced phase change material in shell-and-multitube unit. The experiments are conducted under atmospheric pressure. Paraffin wax and two different fatty acids are used as base phase change material. Graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotubes serve as nanoparticles. Graphite nanoparticles are tested at the concentrations of 0.1%, 1% and 5% by weight, while multi-walled...
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Tattooed man: Could menstrual cycle phase and contraceptive use change female preferences towards bad boys?
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Phase separation in poly(butylene terephthalate)-based materials prepared by solid-state modification
PublicationThe morphology of a series of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/fatty acid dimer diol (FADD)-based copolyesters prepared by solid-state modi fi cation (SSM) was studied. It was shown that in copolyesters containing less than 10 wt% FADD two different phases, i.e. a PBT crystalline phase and a PBT-rich amorphous phase, are present. The FADD residues were more or less homogeneously distributed throughout the interlamellar regions....
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Iron and other metal species as phase-composition controllers influencing the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 materials
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Recent advances of selected passive heat transfer intensification methods for phase change material-based latent heat energy storage units: A review
PublicationThe following article overviews recent studies regarding heat transfer enhancement methods, explicitly focusing on fins and coils utilization, in phase change material-based latent heat thermal energy storage systems. It discusses the influence of various geometrical and material parameters on the melting and solidification processes, as well as the orientation of the heat transfer surface within the storage tank. Additionally,...
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Analytical investigation of phase assemblages of alkali-activated materials in CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 systems: The management of reaction products and designing of precursors
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Influence of the Grain Size Distribution of the Limestone Additives on the Color Properties and Phase Composition of Sintered Ceramic Materials Based on Cream-Firing Clays
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Zastosowanie chromatografii cieczowej w odwróconym układzie faz (RP-LC) w rozdzielanie i oznaczaniu polifenoli i naftochinonów w materiałach roslinnychreversed = Phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) for separation and quantitative determination of polyphenols and naphtoquinones in plant materials
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono przegląd metod rozdzielania i oznaczania naftochinonów i polifenoli pochodzących z materiału roślinnego, z wykorzystaniem technik chromatograficznych w układzie faz odwróconych - RP-TLC (Reversed-Phase Thin Layer Chromatography) oraz RP-HPLC (Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography). Przeanalizowano procedury przygotowania próbki, etap rozdzielania, a także kontroli czystości zbieranych frakcji....
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Structural and electrical properties of Cr-doped SrTiO 3 porous materials
PublicationSeries of single-phase materials with assumed formula SrTi1−xCrxO3 (where x = 0, 1, 4, 6 mol.%) were obtained by sol-gel method. The structure and microstructure of materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods. Moreover, the study of electrical properties and evaluation of chemical stability in CO2/H2O atmosphere was performed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and thermogravimery...
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Smart Materials in Architecture: Useful Tools with Practical Applications or Fascinating Inventions for Experimental Design?
PublicationFor at least several decades smart or so-called intelligent materials, being the result of great advancements in material engineering, appear in architecture in different applications. Most of them are called "smart" because of their inherent properties: a real-time response to environmental stimuli. There are also those considered to be "smart" due to smart design: their original structure or the composition of their materials...
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A negative effect of carbon phase on specific capacity of electrode material consisted of nanosized bismuth vanadate embedded in carbonaceous matrix
PublicationLithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used all over the world. The LIBs belong to a renewable energy source and energy storage devices. The increase in energy demand causes that new materials of higher energy and higher power densities are still under investigation. Herein, we compare electrochemical properties of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) embedded and not embedded into carbonaceous matrix as an anode material along with structural...
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Experimental investigation of free convection of glycol-Al2O3 nanofluid from horizontal tube
PublicationNanofluids came to be seen as a new generation of coolants, both in single- and two phase systems. Furthermore, nanofluids or nanocomposites may be used as a media in a thermal energy storage (TES) in such systems as sensible heat storage (SHS) and phase change materials (PCM). In the SHS systems the dominating mechanism of the heat transfer is natural convection. However, in the literature only a few investigations of free convection...
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF FREE CONVECTION OF GLYCOL-Al2O3 NANOFLUID FROM HORIZONTAL TUBE
PublicationNanofluids came to be seen as a new generation of coolants, both in single- and two phase systems. Furthermore, nanofluids or nanocomposites may be used as a media in a thermal energy storage (TES) in such systems as sensible heat storage (SHS) and phase change materials (PCM). In the SHS systems the dominating mechanism of the heat transfer is natural convection. However, in the literature only a few investigations of free convection...
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The external walls of a passive building: A classification anddescription of their thermal and optical properties
PublicationThis paper attempts a new classification of insulating materials from the perspective of their utility in thepro-ecological passive construction industry. The main criterion is the conductivity of thermal and solarenergy. Based on their ability to conduct or block fluxes of thermal and solar energy, six types of insulatingwalls are proposed. On the basis of this criterion there are traditional dividing walls (typical walls, wallinsulating...
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Nowoczesne rozwiązania stosowane w kontekście ograniczenia strat energetycznych w budynkach oraz poprawy komfortu cieplnego
PublicationW artykule zaprezentowano nowoczesne rozwiązania pozwalające na zmniejszenie energochłonności budynków oraz ograniczenie wpływu warunków atmosferycznych na komfort cieplny. Omówiono metodologię optymalizacji kształtu oraz rodzaju materiałów wykorzystywanych w procesie powstawania budynków użytkowych. Zaprezentowano tu metody oparte o najnowsze zdobycze techniki takie jak materiały budowlane z domieszką PCM (ang. Phase change materials)
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Fatigue life improvement using low transformation temperature weld material with measurement of residual stress
PublicationWelding processes often produce high levels of tensile residual stress. Low transformation temperature (LTT) welding wires utilise phase transformation strains to overcome the thermal contraction of a cooling weld. In this paper, the residual stress within each weld was quantified using the milling/strain gauge method, being the strain change measured as the weldment was milled away. The fatigue tests were conducted under uniaxial...
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The Influence of Binding Agents on Stiffness of Mineral-cement-emulsion Mixtures
PublicationThis paper attempts to determine the behavior of mineral-cement-emulsion mixture (MCE) under load, whether is it similar to asphalt mixtures (viscoelastic behavior) or to cement treated materials (elastic behavior). To answer this question nine mineral- cement-emulsion mixtures with different combinations of cement and emulsion content were tested in laboratory using Simple Performance Test (SPT). For each mixture stiffness moduli...
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Synthesis, microstructure and electrical properties of nanocrystalline calcium doped lanthanum orthoniobate
PublicationThe single phase lanthanum orthoniobate with tetragonal structure has been synthesized by the means of mechanosynthesis method. The studies have shown the crystal structure of La0.98Ca0.02NbO4 depends on the synthesis stage. The samples were predominantly in the tetragonal phase with a trace amount of the monoclinic phase. The SEM studies of morphology and microstructure have shown nanocrystallinity of the materials. The Raman...
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Synthesis and properties of porous Sr 0.96 Y 0.04 Ti 1−x Nb x O 3
PublicationA series of porous, single phase Sr0.96Y0.04Ti1-xNbxO3 samples was obtained using a wet synthesis method (modified citrate sol-gel) method. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) measurements have shown high stability of the obtained material in variable (oxidizing/reducing) atmospheres. All samples exhibit high conductivity in hydrogen atmosphere with the highest value (around 1S/cm)...
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pH-dependent composite coatings for controlled drug delivery system - Review
PublicationNowadays in case of long-term implants, the most common postoperative complications are bacterial infections, which in consequence may provoke loos- ening of the implants in the primary phase of stabilization. Bacterial infections are currently the most frequent cause of revision surgery of the implants such as hip joint endoprosthesis, knee joint endoprosthesis and dental implants. In order to provide the local and long-term antibacterial...
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The use of lightweight aggregate saturated with PCM as a temperature stabilizing material for road surfaces.
PublicationThis paper presents the possibility of adding lightweight building aggregates to increase the stability – mechanical as well as thermal - of constructions and road objects. This stability can be achieved through saturating the porous granules of aggregate with a phase-change material (PCM) that allows the accumulation of solar heat. Intense solar radiation, especially during the summer, can cause the asphalt on road surfaces, bridges...
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Development of a vortex-assisted switchable-hydrophilicity solvent-based liquid phase microextraction for fast and reliable extraction of Zn (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) from various baby food products
PublicationThis manuscript describes the development of a novel liquid phase microextraction (LPME) method for the extraction and determination of Zn (II), Fe (II), Pb (II), and Cd (II) in various infant/baby food and supplements products. The method is based on vortex-assisted extraction combined with a switchable-hydrophilicity solvent (SHS) sample preparation. The SHS, which undergoes reversible phase changes triggered by pH change, enables...
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Beeswax And Palmitic Acid Utilization With Heat Pipes For Electronics Cooling
PublicationThis paper presents an experimental study of heat pipes supported by phase change materials (PCMs) coated at their adiabatic sections in application for electronics cooling. The PCMs investigated in this research were palmitic acid and beeswax, the latter being considered as a more cost-effective alternative. The study focused on three powers: 20W, 25W, and 30W. The experimental results revealed that the incorporation of palmitic...
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Wykorzystanie magazynu chłodu w kompaktowej komorze przechowalniczej
PublicationNiniejszy artykuł został poświęcony możliwości wykorzystania pasywnych systemów chłodzenia w mobilnych komorach przechowalniczych. Dokonano przeglądu rozwiązań dostępnych na rynku komór termicznych wraz z wykorzystywanymi w nich technologiami chłodzenia. Przeprowadzono analizę możliwych do zastosowania nośników chłodu w systemach pasywnego chłodzenia. Wykazano, iż oprócz popularnych na rynku materiałów zmiennofazowych (PCM – ang....
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Thickness and structure change of titanium (IV) oxide thin films synthesized by the sol–gel spin coating method
PublicationTitanium dioxide is a well-known material in nanotechnology, while it provides new opportunities due to its interesting properties, for example, as a semiconductor with a quite significant forbidden band gap energy of 3.2 eV. In this study, thin films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) were synthesized in amorphous and crystallographic systems using the sol–gel process. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction...
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Experimental investigation on heat pipes supported by soy wax and lauric acid for electronics cooling
PublicationThis paper presents an experimental study of heat pipes for electronics cooling that were supported by energy storage materials (i.e. phase change materials - PCMs) coated at the adiabatic section. The PCMs utilized included two materials, namely lauric acid and soy wax, the latter being considered as a more cost-effective alternative. The study focused on three different powers: 20 W, 25 W, and 30 W. Both heating, cooling, and...
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Low-coherence sensors with nanolayers for biomedical sensing
PublicationIn this paper, we describe the fiber optic low-coherence sensors using thin film. We investigated their metrological parameters. Presented sensors were made with the use of standard telecommunication single mode optical fiber (SMF28). Different materials were applied to obtain thick layers, such as boron doped diamond, silver and gold. The thickness of layers used in the experiments ranged from 100 nm to 300 nm. Measurements were...
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Enhanced acceptor concentration, proton conductivity, and hydration in multicomponent rare‐earth ortho‐niobates
PublicationThe structural properties of (La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Eu0.2)1−xCaxNbO4−δ (x = 0–0.05) series have been studied by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature. The thermal properties were investigated using thermogravimetry, from which the concentration of proton defects was determined. Additionally, dilatometry studies were carried out, from which the thermal expansion coefficients and the phase transition temperature between low-...
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The In-House Method of Manufacturing a Low-Cost Heat Pipe with Specified Thermophysical Properties and Geometry
PublicationVarious types of heat pipes are available to purchase off the shelf, from various manufacturers, but most of them have strictly defined geometry and technical parameters. However, when there is a need to use a heat pipe (HP) with an unusual size and shape or working conditions other than the standard ones, it becomes very costly to order them from manufacturers, especially in small quantities, and only a few producers are willing...
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A Highly Selective Biosensor Based on Peptide Directly Derived from the HarmOBP7 Aldehyde Binding Site
PublicationThis paper presents the results of research on determining the optimal length of a peptide chain to eectively bind octanal molecules. Peptides that map the aldehyde binding site in HarmOBP7 were immobilized on piezoelectric transducers. Based on computational studies, four Odorant Binding Protein-derived Peptides (OBPPs) with dierent sequences were selected. Molecular modelling results of ligand docking with selected peptides were...
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Możliwości zastosowania materiałów zmiennofazowych do akumulowania ciepła oraz ich modyfikacje
PublicationW pracy dokonano analizy obecnego stanu wiedzy na temat materiałów zmiennofazowych (ang. Phase Change Materials, PCM), ich właściwości oraz możliwości zastosowania. Ponadto przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych. Zmodyfikowano wybrane organiczne materiały zmiennofazowe przez dodatek do nich uniepalniaczy oraz depresatorów. Sprawdzono również wpływ mieszanek różnych węglowodorów na zmianę ich właściwości termofizycznych. Dokonano oceny...
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Formation of intermetallic compounds in the solid-liquid composites of the Ga-Ni system
PublicationThe processes of formation of intermetallic compounds in the composite system of liquid gallium-nickel powder by the methods of x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis have been studied. A change in the phase composition was discovered and the influence of thermal treatment of the composites under investigation on the phase formation processes was analyzed. The mechanism of gallium enriched...
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Właściwości elektryczne szkło-ceramiki zawierającej ferroelektryczną fazę BiV
PublicationKompozyty szklano - ceramiczne zawierające nanokryształy posiadają właściwości fizyczne, które nie są możliwe do uzyskania w innych materiałach. Dzięki możliwości wytworzenia szkło - ceramik posiadających kryształy o różnej wielkości (nano, mikro...) i różnorodnego typu, można w istotny sposób kontrolować właściwości elektryczne takich materiałów. Stała dielektryczna faz ferroelektrycznych jest bardzo wrażliwa na zmiany rozmiarów...
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Ce site dilution effects in the antiferromagnetic heavy fermion CeIn3
PublicationLa-doped intermetallic single crystals of Ce1−xLaxIn3 were synthesized via an In self-flux method throughout the entire range (x = 0–1). The prototypical heavy-fermion compound CeIn3 shows an antiferromagnetic phase transition at 10.1 K and becomes superconducting near a critical pressure where TN is completely suppressed. As the La concentration increases, Ce moments are diluted, and the lattice constant increases linearly, satisfying Vegard’s...