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Search results for: POLITYKA SPÓJNOŚCI EU

Search results for: POLITYKA SPÓJNOŚCI EU

  • RESIDUE ANALYSIS OF ETU AND PTU BY LC/MS

    Publication

    - Year 2013

    Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) are important organosulfur compounds, which act as inhibitors of metal dependant and sulphydryl enzymes and have a serious consequence on biological systems. They possess variety of applications in agriculture as fungicides, as well as, in the rubber industry as vulcanization accelerators and antioxidants. In this way, DTCs are the main group of fungicides used to control approximately 400 pathogens of more...

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  • Integrated spatial and energy planning – importance of a problem for contemporary architects and urban planners with focus on environmental factors

    Along with respecting basic sustainable development goals, planners will also be obliged to meet more stringent provisions related to energy efficiency in the coming years. In Poland, a crucial year will be 2021, when the EU directive on the energy efficiency of buildings comes into force. In this matter, not only the characteristics of individual objects are of great importance, but their whole complexes and the overall approach...

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  • The Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost in public works contracts

    Publication

    An important goal, implemented by EU countries under the Europe 2020 strategy, is sustainable development, which includes supporting economy that effectively uses natural and environmentally friendly resources. Solutions in this area are also promoted in tender proceedings in the area of public procurement. The LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and LCC (Life Cycle Cost) analysis are indicated as the basis for decision-making by awarding...

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  • A Method Supporting Monitoring And Repair Processes of Information Systems

    Publication

    - Year 2012

    W pracy zaproponowano nową metodę (ARM) zarządzania monitorowaniem i naprawą systemów IT, bez przerywania ciągłości ich funkcjonowania. Metoda ta integruje procesy monitorowania (uwzględniając już istniejące i stosowane rozwiązania) z procesami naprawy. Stworzono formalny model koncepcyjny opisujący dziedzinę monitorowania i naprawy oraz formalne specyfikacje mechanizmu napraw oraz wybranych procedur naprawczych. Do specyfikacji...

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  • Przedsiębiorcy 55+, czy wiek ma znaczenie?

    Publication

    Znaczenie przedsiębiorczości 55+ w ostatnim okresie rośnie, między innymi w związku ze zmianami demograficznymi i starzeniem się społeczeństwa w większości krajów europejskich. Nie bez znaczenia jest także fakt, że starsi ludzie zaczynają wierzyć, że mogą uczestniczyć w rynku pracy, zarówno po stronie zatrudnianych jak i zatrudniających. Stąd też liczba nowych firm, tworzonych przez osoby starsze wzrasta, a starsi właściciele firm...

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  • Rola inwestycji w strategii rozwoju przedsiębiorczości

    Publication
    • M. O. Bielenia

    - Year 2010

    Artykuł analizuje rolę inwestycji w pryzmacie strategii rozwoju przedsiębiorstwa. Na wstępie zostały wyjaśnione znaczenia terminów kluczowych dla problematyki niniejszego artykułu. Na uwagę zasługuje sposób, w jaki przedsiębiorcy postrzegają przedsiębiorczość oraz ukazanie różnicy pomiędzy pojęciami - rozwój przedsiębiorstwa a strategia przedsiębiorstwa. Połączenie wymienionych terminów funkcjonuje pod nazwą zarządzania strategicznego....

  • Przegląd programów wsparcia dla klastrów w ramach cluster-based policy ue

    Publication

    - Year 2010

    Problematyka współpracy w strukturach klastrowych znajduje coraz większe rzesze zwolenników - z jednej strony klastry są przedmiotem rozważań teoretycznych, podejmowanych przez naukowców reprezentujących różne podejścia i nurty badawcze, z drugiej strony fenomen klastrów został doceniony przez decydentów politycznych, którzy coraz częściej decydują się na wspieranie rozwoju klastrów w ramach inicjatyw klastrowych. Polityka wspierania...

  • Chromium FTW dataset

    Open Research Data

    This dataset contains the results of chromium and nutrients (N and PO4-P) removal in floating treatment wetland microcosm experiment with two cosmopolitan species of parennials: Phragmites australis and Iris pseudacorus.

  • The hydrodynamic pressure field of the ship Zodiak, measurements and calculations

    Publication

    The article presents the results of measurements of the slowly changing hydrodynamic pressure field HPF generated by the movement of the ship, Zodiak, in the Bay of Gdansk. The measurement results have been obtained in the framework of the program of the work in Siramis, under the auspices of the European Defence Administration of the EU, by the research team of the Naval Academy in Gdynia. The measurement results were compared with...

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  • Landscape perception and the teaching of it in Poland

    A preliminary assessment of the state of knowledge of landscape perception is contained in this article. A survey was carried out of students of architecture and urban planning during the rural design course in the academic year 2017/2018. The pilot project involved the initial establishment of categories of the countryside image. It was assumed that the results represented students’ knowledge of the landscape characteristics and...

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  • Public Finance in Poland in a COVID Fog: A Look Through the Lens of Fiscal Transparency and Accountability

    Abstract. Goal– The aim of the article is to identify dysfunctional phenomena (implementation of specific mechanisms/solutions and actions taken), generating increased opacity and limit the responsibility/accountability of public f inance in Poland, exacerbated by the COVID-19 crisis. Methods– descriptive analysis, comparative analysis and financial analysis methods were used. Results– fiscal transparency and accountability in...

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  • HEALTH SAFETY OF BREAD IN SMALL BAKERIES

    The aim of the article is to present the safety and health risks in the production process of bread, supported by research in small bakeries located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Health safety of bread is one of the features that decide its quality. This article additionally presents other determinants influencing the quality of bread. It also demonstrates opinions showing food safety as a separate attribute of quality. The paper...

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  • Smart and resilient cities- new challanges for Polish cities in terms of 2020 energy efficiency and climate action

    Publication

    - Year 2018

    Global climate change action along with energy efficiency optimizations are becoming increasingly pressing principles in terms of moving towards sustainable development. As a member of EU and UN Poland is also obliged to follow restricted rules concerning energy efficiency of buildings which come to force in 2020. To meet new goals, innovative approaches - like moving towards smart and resilient cities -may be required. Through...

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  • Supporting the development of clusters in Poland - dillemas faced by public policy

    Clusters have proved to be an important source of competitiveness for the economic development of regions within the European Union. In recent years many countries in the EU and throughout the world have launched policies aimed at supporting the development of clusters. There are many examples of good practices in the field of cluster policy, but there is no single model that can be applied in all countries and regions. This paper...

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  • The applicability of low-cost PM10 sensors for atmospheric air quality monitoring

    Publication

    Described in this work are the results of field tests carried out in the Tricity Agglomeration between 01 April 2018 and 30 June 2018 in order to evaluate the usefulness of low-cost PM10 sensors in atmospheric air quality monitoring. The results were juxtaposed with the results obtained using reference methods. The results were validated based on the measurement uncertainty as described in...

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  • Development of tools for road infrastructure safety management for the provinces (voivodeships) in Poland

    Publication

    The development of modern tools for road infrastructure safety management will help to reduce the number of fatalities and serious injuries as one of the main objectives adopted in 2013 in the National Road Safety Programme 2014-2020 and the new Road Safety Programme 2011-2020 in the EU. Risk Management in Highway Engineering can be applied in developing tools essential in the process of safety management. Risk Management in Highway...

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  • The potential of Web-GIS and geovisual analytics in the context of marine cadastre

    Publication

    - SURVEY REVIEW - Year 2017

    The importance of the marine environment to human existence makes it imperative that information models represent the multidimensional nature of reality as closely as possible in order to facilitate good governance. Information regarding jurisdiction, as well as the effects of formal law and community interests on the marine environment (e.g. nature and spatial extents as well as rights, responsibilities, restrictions etc.) would...

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  • Automatic Detection and Monitoring of Cyanobacterial Blooms in the Context of the Marine Cadastre

    Publication

    - Year 2018

    In the wake of the European and global spatial data infrastructures (SDI) it is important to build information systems which use and serve thematic data in compliance with the INSPIRE Directive. In the context of hydrographic data, the Directive requires EU member states to collect and share information on maritime areas divided into regions and sub-regions, as well as coastal zone management areas. These data are part of recently...

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  • Deregulation of the labour markets in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe — selected issues

    Publication

    The countries of Central and Eastern Europe in the 1990s pursued the transformation processes which were to result in introducing systemic changes and building market economies. It was a process requiring adjustment of the regulatory and system framework to the requirements of the EU. One of the areas covered by the changes was the labour market. The reforms related to the functioning of national labour markets necessitated taking...

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  • Otoczenie instytucjonalne a innowacyjność przedsiębiorstw

    Publication

    Problematyka innowacyjności w Polsce zajmuje wiele miejsca, zarówno w badaniach, raportach oraz w konstruowanych narzędziach wsparcia. Badania literaturowe wskazują na wagę instytucji w procesie przedsiębiorczym. Wykorzystując badania prowadzone wśród mikroprzedsiębiorstw w Polsce, przeanalizowano czynniki instytucjonalne, które mogą, według badań literaturowych, wpływać na innowacyjność tych podmiotów. Z badań wynika, że przedsiębiorcy...

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  • Janusz Nieznański prof. dr hab. inż.

    Janusz Nieznański born in 1957 in Gdańsk. He received the M.Sc. degree in 1981, the Ph.D. degree in 1990, and the D.Sc. (‘habilitation’) degree in 1999, all from the Gdańsk University of Technology. Since 1981 he has been with the above university, where he is currently Professor of Electrical Engineering. His research and teaching interests include control, diagnostics, modeling and simulation of power electronic converters and...

  • Wielorodzinna architektura mieszkaniowa w Polsce okresu transformacji na przykładzie Trójmiasta.

    Publication

    - Year 2004

    Transformacje społeczno - gospodarcze, zapoczątkowane w Polsce w latach dziewięćdziesiatych, a trwajace po dzeń dzisiejszy, dokonały ogromnych zmian we wszystkich dziedzinach działalności ludzkiej, w tym również w architekturze i budownictwie. Szczególnie wyraziście transformacje te uwidoczniły się w wielorodzinnej architekturze mieszkaniowej, która uwolniona od reglamentacji i państwowego rozdzielnictwa wkroczyła w erę gospodarki...

  • STARZEJĄCE SIĘ SPOŁECZEŃSTWO JAKO WYZWANIE DLA POLITYKI SPOŁECZNEJ I RODZINNEJ

    W ostatnich latach zauważalne jest niepokojące zjawisko, jakim jest starzejące się społeczeń-stwo. Tendencje demograficzne i ich konsekwencje można zaobserwować w ludności Polski. Zmiany, jakie mają miejsce w kraju dotyczą zmniejszania się liczby młodych ludzi, przy jedno-czesnym gwałtownym wzroście ludzi starych w populacji. Zjawisko starzenia się społeczności jest efektem dwóch dominujących trendów, a mianowicie wydłużenia przeciętnego...

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  • XPS analysis of TBBO glass

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Glasses and glass-ceramics with nominal composition 73 TeO2– 4BaO– 3Bi2O3–18SrF2-2RE2O3 (where RE = Eu, Dy) have been synthesized by conventional melt-quenching technique and subsequent heat treatment at 370 °C for 24 h in air atmosphere. Various Eu3+ to Dy3+ molar ratio have been applied to investigate luminescence properties in both glass and glass-ceramic...

  • Gender, equality, science and information systems

    Publication

    - Year 2008

    In the entire Europe more women than men graduate from tertiary education institutes1. However, they are underrepresented in scientific and engineering disciplines. Women researchers still constitute a minority in the Government and Higher Education Sectors that both are related to power. A number of industry reports highlight a low number of women in IT occupations2. The EU Member States have, on political levels, committed themselves...

  • Zarządzanie wiedzą ontologiczną w środowisku semantycznego internetu

    W rozdziale zaprezentowano wyniki grupy badawczej Knowledge Management Group at Gdańsk University of Technology (KMG@GUT) w zakresie nowych metod reprezentacji i przetwarzania wiedzy sformułowanej w formie ontologii. Metody te wpisują się w aktualne kierunki rozwojowe inicjatywy Semantic Web: wykorzystują do zapisu ontologii logikę opisową (a więc są zgodne ze standardem OWL-DL), biorą pod uwagę rozproszenie wiedzy pomiędzy różne...

  • New lanthanide–CB[6] coordination compounds: relationships between the crystal structure and luminescent properties

    Publication
    • F. F. da Silva
    • C. A. F. de Oliveira
    • E. H. L. Falcão
    • J. Chojnacki
    • J. L. Neves
    • S. Alves Junior

    - DALTON TRANSACTIONS - Year 2014

    The reaction between cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) and lanthanide chlorides (Eu, Sm, Tb and Tm) in acidic aqueous media led to four new structures. The compounds obtained are isostructural with general formula [Ln2(H2O)12(H2O@CB[6])]Cl6(H2O)4 (Ln = Eu3+ (1), Sm3+ (2), Tb3+ (3) and Tm3+ (4)) and crystallize in the P21/c space group. For the complexes with Eu3+, Sm3+ and Tb3+, the luminescent properties in the solid state and aqueous media...

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  • A study about daylighting knowledge and education in Europe. Results from the first phase of the DAYKE project

    Publication
    • F. Giuliani
    • N. Sokół
    • V. R. Lo Verso
    • R. Viula
    • F. Caffaro
    • B. Paule
    • A. Diakite
    • Y. Sutter

    - Architectural Science Review - Year 2021

    This paper presents selected results from the first stage of DAYKE (Daylight Knowledge in Europe), a 3- phase project that investigates the knowledge on daylighting in buildings among architecture students and practitioners across Europe. Subjective judgements from 561 students from 8 architecture universities in the EU, collected through two surveys in 2018. The key findings are: (i) the spatial distribution of comfort and mood...

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  • Projekt UPGRID

    Publication

    - Year 2017

    Międzynarodowy projekt UPGRID realizowany jest w ramach programu Horyzont 2020 (H2020). Program ten to największy jak dotąd program Unii Europejskiej (UE) w zakresie badań naukowych i innowacji. W projekcie UPGRID uczestniczy 17 partnerów z 9 krajów EU. Głównym celem projektu UPGRID jest rozwój funkcjonalności, które służą integracji sieci nn oraz SN ze stroną konsumencką. W ramach projektu wybrane technologie Inteligentnych Sieci...

  • Impact assessment culture in the European Union. Time for something new?

    Publication

    - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & POLICY - Year 2023

    Current approaches and cultures for the economic evaluations of environmental and health policies may suffer from excessive reliance on a standard neoclassic economic toolbox that neglects alternative perspectives. This may prematurely limit the spectrum of available policy options. Here we show how the inclusion of neglected currents of thought such as non-Ricardian economics, bioeconomics and a set of qualitative-quantitative...

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  • Influence of controlled crystallization and SrF2 content on the structure and properties of Eu3+ doped phosphate glasses

    New phosphate glasses and glass-ceramics P2O5–Bi2O3–K2O–Nb2O5-SrF2 doped with Eu were synthesized and studied in this work. The influence of the SrF2 content (0–15 mol%) and the parameters of the heat treatment on their structural and optical properties were investigated. For the above purpose, the structural characterization by FTIR spectroscopy and XRD measurements was carried out, which showed a significant effect of SrF2 on...

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  • Wpływ modernizacji ujścia Wisły na ochronę przeciwpowodziową i warunki żeglugowe

    Publication

    - Year 2012

    Zatory lodowe w ujściu Wisły tworzą zagrożenie powodziowe o zasięgu obejmującym Żuławski odcinek Wisły. Wykonanie sztucznego ujścia Wisły do Morza Bałtyckiego, a następnie zamknięcie Wisły Gdańskiej, Szkarpawy i Nogatu znormalizowało stosunki wodne w delcie Wisły. Regulację ujścia Wisły rozpoczęto już w dwa lata po wykonaniu Przekopu i kontynuuje się do chwili obecnej.Określenie tempa wzrostu objętości stożka jak i pochodzenie...

  • Karolina Zielińska-Dąbkowska dr inż. arch.

    Karolina M. Zielinska-Dabkowska, Ph.D., Eng. Arch., M. Arch., is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Architecture of Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT). In 2002, she completed her studies of Architecture and Urban Planning at Gdańsk University of Technology (Gdańsk Tech) and in 2004, Architectural Engineering at the University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HAWK) in Hildesheim, Germany. After graduation, she worked for several...

  • Rain Gardens SW quality dataset

    Open Research Data
    open access

    This dataset contains the results of parameters of storm water runoff and storm water quality in rain garden units. Samples were collected from 4 different rain gardens in Gdansk, Poland.

  • The added value of using the HEPA PAT for physical activity policy monitoring: a four-country comparison

    Publication
    • P. Gelius
    • S. Messing
    • S. Forberger
    • J. Lakerveld
    • F. Mansergh
    • W. Wendel-Vos
    • J. Żukowska
    • C. Woods

    - Health Research Policy and Systems - Year 2021

    Background Public policy is increasingly recognized as an important component of physical activity promotion. This paper reports on the current status of physical activity policy development and implementation in four European countries based on the Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool (HEPA PAT) developed by WHO. It compares the findings to previous studies and discusses the general utility of this tool and its...

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  • Sources of macroeconomic competitiveness in Central and East European Countries

    Publication

    - Year 2007

    The aim of the paper is to assess empirially economic growth and productivity patterns in Central and East European Countries (CEECs), and to provide a thorough insight into the factors influencing macroeconomic competitiveness in the CEE region. The study goes back to early 1990s and describes macroeconomic developments in eight countries which joined the EU in 2004 (namely: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania,...

  • The impact of gender wage gap on sectoral economic growth – cross-country approach

    We propose an empirical analysis of testing the relationship between gender wage gap and economic growth. The study takes into account 12 manufacturing sectors in 18 OECD countries for the period between 1970 and 2005.We use industrial statistics (EU KLEMS, 2008) on female and male wages that distinguish between wages paid to different groups of workers classified according to skill level: high, medium and low. We estimate augmented...

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  • Assessment of under power ed propulsion machinery in electrically driven small inland waterway passenger ships from classification society point of view

    Publication

    - Year 2014

    Paper presents short operat ional a nd engineering analysis of underpowered propulsion in small electrically propelled small inland passenger ships. There is evidence that in certain weather conditions the phenomena of added aerodynamic resistance of small water crafts may have seriou s influence on their speed and manoeuvrability. Existing regulations like class societies rules for ship classification and construction or EU Directive 2006/87/EC do...

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  • ASSESSMENT OF UNDERPOWER ED PROPULSION MACHINERY IN ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN SMALL INLAND WATERWAY PASSENGER SHIPS FROM CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY POINT OF View

    Publication

    - Journal of Polish CIMEEAC - Year 2014

    Paper presents short operat ional a nd engineering analysis of underpowered propulsion in small electrically propelled small inland passenger ships. There is evidence that in certain weather conditions the phenomena of added aerodynamic resistance of small water crafts may have serious influence on their speed and manoeuvrability. Existing regulations like class societies rules for ship classification and construction or EU Directive 2006/87/EC do...

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  • Alternatywne do R134a czynniki proponowane jako płyny robocze w klimatyzacji samochodowej i innych instalacjach chłodniczych o małej wydajności. Część 2

    Kolejny etap ''ekologicznej polityki UE'' znalazł swój wyraz w dyrektywie2006/40/EU, na mocy której we wszystkich nowo produkowanych urządzeniach chłodniczych i klimatyzacyjnych zastosowanie mogą mieć tylko czynniki o GWP nie wyższym niż 150. Oznacza to, że również stosowany powszechnie w przemyśle motoryzacyjnym oraz niewielkich urządzeniach chłodniczych czynnik R134a odejdzie do historii. Proces ten trwa, bowiem wspomniana dyrektywa...

  • A concept for reducing PM 10 emissions for car brakes by 50%

    Publication
    • G. Perricone
    • V. Matějka
    • M. Alemani
    • G. Valota
    • A. Bonfanti
    • A. Ciotti
    • U. Olofsson
    • A. Söderberg
    • J. Wahlström
    • O. Nosko... and 3 others

    - WEAR - Year 2018

    With regard to airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), in countries in the European Union, the mass of brake emissions equals approximately 8–27% of the total traffic-related emissions. Using a research methodology combining tests at different scale levels with contact mechanics simulations and PM10 chemical characterization, the REBRAKE EU-financed project had the following aims: i) to demonstrate...

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  • Possible directions for development of C-ITS services in cities on the example of the TRISTAR System

    During the previous EU financial perspective (2007 - 2013), we observed an intensification of the evelopment of transport management systems using ITS services in Polish cities. One of the biggest territorially and functionally system is Tri-city TRISTAR system, the implementation of which was completed in 2015. The concept of the TRISTAR system and its architecture was developed in the years 2002-2007. Currently, we can observe...

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  • Convergence or divergence in the European Union

    Publication

    - Year 2007

    The disparities in economic prosperity revealed both from inter-country and inter-region perspective are one of the main problem in the modern economy. They consist of the dispersion in the real values such as incomes, GDP or productivity, but also nominal values such as prices and costs. The European Union is aware of this problem hence the role of the regional and structural policy aiming enhancing the cohesion between member...

  • Towards truly sustainable IoT systems: the SUPERIOT project

    Publication
    • M. Katz
    • T. Paso
    • K. Mikhaylov
    • L. Pessoa
    • H. Fontes
    • L. Hakola
    • J. Leppäniemi
    • E. Carlos
    • G. Dolmans
    • J. Rufo... and 5 others

    - Journal of Physics-Photonics - Year 2024

    This paper provides an overview of the SUPERIOT project, an EU SNS JU (Smart Networks and Services Joint Undertaking) initiative focused on developing truly sustainable IoT systems. The SUPERIOT concept is based on a unique holistic approach to sustainability, proactively developing sustainable solutions considering the design, implementation, usage and disposal/reuse stages. The concept exploits radio and optical technologies...

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  • Gdańsk 2020

    Publication

    - Year 2020

    Na wystawie Gdańsk 2020 prezentujemy prace, które były odpowiedzią na sytuację, w jakiej znaleźli się artyści w obliczu zamrożenia działań kulturalnych, które są oddaniem emocji pierwszych tygodni izolacji. To komentarz do konkretnego czasu, ale też do sytuacji artystów i kryzysu, który przed nami, a także do sytuacji twórców w Polsce w ogóle – mówi Aleksandra Szymańska, dyrektorka Instytutu Kultury Miejskiej. Otwarcie wystawy...

  • The application of the Superpave method of climatic zones analysis in Poland with regard to bitumen performance grading

    Publication

    Currently in Poland, similarly as in the other EU countries, road bitumens are tested and classified with regard to mainly the penetration value determined at the tempera-ture of 25C. It should be noted that this classification is not correlated with the cli-matic conditions in which the bitumens are to serve in the road pavement. Towards the end of the last century a new system of bitumen grading was developed and im-plemented...

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  • Open smart glasses development platform for AAL applications

    Publication

    - Year 2017

    This paper describes an open platform for multi sensory electronic glasses that supports new and enhanced methods for intelligent interaction with patients, with smart objects, or to be used as new data input modalities like proximity sensor or smart textile interfaces. All the activities have been developed, investigated and evaluated within EU CHIST-ERA eGlasses project...

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  • Disaster-resilient communication networks: Principles and best practices

    Publication
    • A. Mauthe
    • D. Hutchison
    • E. Cetinkaya
    • I. Ganchev
    • J. Rak
    • J. P. Sterbenz
    • M. Gunkelk
    • P. Smith
    • T. Gomes

    - Year 2016

    Communication network failures that are caused by disasters, such as hurricanes, arthquakes and cyber-attacks, can have significant economic and societal impact. To address this problem, the research community has been investigating approaches to network resilience for several years. However, aside from well-established techniques, many of these solutions have not found their way into operational...

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  • Development of trolleybus public transport in Gdynia as part of sustainable mobility strategy

    In many EU cities trolleybuses are experiencing a period of revitalization. New lines, new and modern trolley-buses, the use of auxiliary propulsion battery, eco-logical values and others, create great opportunities for that kind of public transport as an effective tool to shape transport policy in accordance with the principles of sustainable mobility. Gdynia is one of three cities in Poland with trolleybuses public transport...

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  • Kredyt kupiecki a zatory płatnicze

    Udzielanie kredytu kupieckiego jest wpisane w działalność każdego przedsiębiorstwa. Odroczone płatności sprzyjają wzrostowi sprzedaży, ale również mogą powodować perturbacje w ich funkcjonowaniu. Sprzyjają one funkcjonowanie przedsiębiorstwa w warunkach ryzyka kredytowego, które przekształca się często w ryzyko płynności. W efekcie tworzą się zatorów płatnicze. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zatorów płatniczych jako skutków...

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