Search results for: SOCIAL NETWORK. - Bridge of Knowledge

Search

Search results for: SOCIAL NETWORK.

Search results for: SOCIAL NETWORK.

  • Role of Sports Facilities in the Process of Revitalization of Brownfields

    Publication

    The paper gives an evidence that building a large sports facility can generate beneficial urban space transformation and a significant improvement in the dilapidated urban areas. On the basis of theoretical investigations and case studies it can be proved that sports facilities introduced to urban brownfields could be considered one of the best known large scale revitalization methods. Large urban spaces surrounding sport facilities...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Pealizacija inicjatiw wostocznogo partnerstwa w Azerbajdżane

    Azerbaijan established political relations with the EU during the implementation of TACIS Programme projects and signed the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the EU in 1996. It joined the European Neighbourhood Policy in 2004 and the Eastern Partnership programme in 2009. Despite the sceptical attitude taken by Azerbaijan's government towards the Eastern Partnership initiative, the EU earmarked further funds for Azerbaijan for 2011 – 2014 as part of the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument. During the third Eastern Partnership summit in Vilnius in November 2013, Azerbaijan signed only an agreement concerning visa facilitations and readmission. However, it also undertook certain measures as part of the five Eastern Partnership initiatives. In the framework of the Integrated Border Management Programme, Azerbaijan implemented projects connected with improving the access of resettled people to the judicial system, creation of electronic border control systems, social protection, increasing public awareness to eliminate domestic violence, improving assimilation of asylum - seekers and immigrants, and supporting occupational health organisations. Activities aimed at supporting SMEs included training for entrepreneurs, promotional conferences and loans to the SME sector. Recommendations of the initiative promoting the creation of regional electrical and renewable energy markets were implemented by Azerbaijan in the form of 33 projects as part of the INOGATE Programme. With respect to environmental management, Azerbaijan developed a digital regional atlas of natural disasters, and with respect to natural disaster mitigation it planned population protection measures. Azerbaijan was ranked last but one in the evaluation presented in the annual report prepared by the EU. The transformation process in this country has been slow and illusory in certain aspects. Nevertheless, the EU has continued its Eastern Partnership initiative activities, allocating between EUR 252,000 and 308,000 for transformations in Azerbaijan

    Full text available to download

  • Verification of agent system for it project management support

    Publication

    This article is a continuation of article series telling about research about possibility of using agent system to information technology evaluation. Following article presents full conception of exploiting agent system and shows how it can support some managers works, especially in taking correct management method and information tool for project management. In this article the agent system that based on knowledge and can process...

  • Automatic recognition of males and females among web browser users based on behavioural patterns of peripherals usage

    Publication

    - Internet Research - Year 2016

    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the question whether it is possible to recognise the gender of a web browser user on the basis of keystroke dynamics and mouse movements. Design/methodology/approach An experiment was organised in order to track mouse and keyboard usage using a special web browser plug-in. After collecting the data, a number of parameters describing the users’ keystrokes, mouse movements and clicks...

    Full text to download in external service

  • IMPROVING STUDENT SKILLS WITH ENGAGING IN HERITAGE PROTECTION PROJECTS. CASE STUDY OF ARCHITECTURAL INVENTORY WORKS AT WISŁOUJŚCIE FORTRESS, POLAND (2017)

    Publication

    - Year 2019

    Today's educational offer at universities contains a lot of theoretical and general knowledge, which becomes less understandable and less suitable for students of the new generation. Student's educational needs aimed at increasing the practical experience necessary for future professional life. Heritage conservation projects are a good opportunity to implement project-based learning methods. Such projects can be scientific and...

  • Spatial differentiation of road safety in Europe based on NUTS-2 regions

    Publication

    - ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION - Year 2021

    Road safety varies significantly across the regions in Europe. To understand the factors behind this differentiation and the effects they have, data covering 263 NUTS-2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) regions across Europe (European Union and Norway) have been analysed. The assessment was made using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). As a dependent variable the Road Fatality Rate (RFR – number of fatalities...

    Full text available to download

  • Comparison of Renewable Energy Sources in ‘New’ EU Member States in the Context of National Energy Transformations

    Publication

    - ENERGIES - Year 2021

    The European Union strives to create sustainable, low-carbon economies; therefore, energy policies of all member states should move towards renewable energy sources (RES). That concerns also the so-called new EU member states. These countries, on the one hand, are characterized by significant historical similarities in terms of post-communist legacy and adopted development strategies linked with the EU membership, and on the other...

    Full text available to download

  • SDGs implementation, their synergies, and trade-offs in EU countries – Sensitivity analysis-based approach

    Publication

    - ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS - Year 2023

    Sustainable development is one of the most urgent challenges facing humanity. Its basic principle is to improve people’s well-being and maintain it over time. In 2015, the United Nations approved 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to ensure a better and sustainable future for all, balancing economic, social and environmental development. SDGs create an ‘indivisible whole’; thus, examining their interactions is crucial. Our...

    Full text available to download

  • Designing digital displays and interactive media in today’s cities by night. Do we know enough about attracting attention to do so?

    With the huge transformation in the development of digital screen technology and its consistently decreasing cost, digital billboards are progressively replacing traditional static, two-dimensional poster advertisements in our cities1. Previously, due to the substantial expenditure involved, they were only available to major international brands with vast promotional resources to build their brand fame. Today, however, they are...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Urban lighting masterplan – origins, definitions, methodologies and collaborations

    Publication

    Awareness of the significance and benefits of properly designed urban lighting masterplans has been growing since the early 21 st century. There are many factors driving this notable change, such as developments in lighting technology, energy conservation, city branding design and economics, environmental impacts, human health and wellbeing, and people-oriented sociological aspects. As the profession of ‘independent urban lighting...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Employee Commitment Matters for CSR Practice, Reputation and Corporate Brand Performance—European Model

    Publication

    So far, there have been no studies that explore how employee brand commitment moderates CSR practice outcomes. Employee brand commitment is often claimed as a focal input and output of the CSR. So, it means that it shapes CSR conditions. Then, it is a moderator. This study aims to verify it. Besides, commitment exists in many forms and can be achieved in many ways. Hence the question, if employees are committed to the brand, then...

    Full text available to download

  • Economic vitality of Polish suburbs

    Publication

    - GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology - Year 2016

    Since 1989, Poland has been undergoing major political, social and economic transformations. The effects of these changes are visible on several levels, including the field of urban planning, where they manifested themselves as the birth of the suburbanization process. In the field of economics, it could be noticed that since 1989, the SME sector has been awakening very dynamically. Correlation of the parallel development of these...

    Full text to download in external service

  • I love to write and create. Can I earn money doing it? Entrepreneurial process of bloggers

    Publication

    - Year 2023

    New technologies and a new way of looking at the life of future generations, open up new perspectives of entrepreneurial activities. One of them is to run a blog. Although the first blogs appeared many years ago and earning money from running them is also known to bloggers, little research is devoted to this form of entrepreneurship. The analysis of this phenomenon was carried out using the netnography method, which is not common...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Why do Open Government Data initiatives fail in developing countries? A root cause analysis of the most prevalent barriers and problems

    Publication
    • C. H. Alexopoulos
    • S. Saxena
    • M. Janssen
    • N. Rizun
    • M. Lnenicka
    • R. Matheus

    - Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries - Year 2024

    Open government data (OGD) include the provision of government data, which have so far been reserved for the provision of public utilities and services, wherein different stakeholders may create value out of the same source. Recently, OGD initiatives around the world have dampened or were found to be inadequate for one or other reasons. The present study seeks to underline the root causes behind these inadequate or stalled initiatives...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Diversification of investment efficiency in selected economies

    Publication

    - Year 2010

    An assessment of the effectiveness of investments is a key element of investment processes. In order to be comprehensive and exhaustive, it should go beyond the scope of the microeconomic assessment and take into account the macroeconomic calculation of effectiveness. The prerequisite for the effectiveness of investment decisions implemented by private companies is the maximization of the return on the investments. When attempting...

  • ARCHITECTURE IN BRANDING AND OVERBRANDING PROCESS. HOW GLOBALIZATION INFLUENCED ARCHITECTURE QUALITY.

    Publication

    - Year 2014

    Globalization is unification. In the field of architecture and in the social structure alike, the globalization leads to a blending of economies and cultures that produces uniformly branded public space as a response to universal assumptions of integration and correlation. While branding consists in creating a recognizable and outstanding image a strong contradiction exists between both of these approaches. As a result, regional...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Shaping the new planning curricula in the post-socialistic context lessons from Poland and Russia

    Publication

    Planning education is the issue widely discussed during various conferences and seminars, especially ones grouping the representatives of universities offering professional education in this field. But to large extend this discourse is dominated by the realities and specifics of the highly- developed countries, which is also reflected in the structure of the organizations of universities offering these. At the same time planning...

    Full text to download in external service

  • CROWDFUNDING OF RESEARCH PROJECTS IN POLAND

    Publication

    Crowdfunding recently became a very popular way of funding, which allows funding almost everything, from minor personal projects to expensive commercial ones, as long as we can find investors. It may also be a new opportunity for entrepreneurial researchers, who may attract capital investment in companies that are promised to own developed technologies. Social financing of science is well suited to reduce some of the biggest problems...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Architects and urban planners in the face of energy transition - smart cities energy aspects in shaping building structures and cities

    Publication

    Contemporary architects and urban planners are facing steadily increasing challenges. The growing problems around environmental issues, shrinking natural resources and climate action are just some of them. Currently, planning should also include balancing with all the aspects of sustainable development such as not only the environmental issues, but also social and economic ones. How to meet them in the era of energy transition...

    Full text to download in external service

  • The essence of marine and coastal space – an interdisciplinary perspective

    Publication

    - EUROPA XXI - Year 2019

    Sea space has been undergoing a profound transformation. Although it retains its inspirational function in arts, literature and philosophy, it has been gaining new anthropogenic dimensions in eco-nomics and urban planning as a source of satisfying human needs i.e. the provision of harmony, beauty, off-shore energy, and biotech substances. Therefore, in this paper marine space is analyzed from a mul-tidimensional perspective of...

    Full text available to download

  • ‘The Urban Walk Architecture Talk’— Bridging Socially Engaged Art, Urban Processes and Cultural Development

    Publication

    - Year 2019

    “Urban Walk—Architecture Talk” is a project based on an elective seminar under the same title organized at the Faculty of Architecture of Gdańsk University of Technology. It aims at getting familiar with the topic of multi-layer and multi-sensory reception of public space, mainly by recognizing the needs of its users. Additionally, it deals with the consequences of such perception and the use of space in order to build more complete...

  • Consumerism in Poland – a fact or a myth?

    Publication

    - Year 2020

    Purpose Consumerism, understood as excessive consumption, poses a vital problem in the world, and requires taking appropriate steps and actions in individual countries depending on the extent and nature of this phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of consumerism in Poland, with partial reference to other EU countries and to answer the question whether there is consumerism as such in Poland. Design/methodology/approach...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Developing Methods for Building Intelligent Systems of Information Resources Processing Using an Ontological Approach

    Publication
    • V. Lytvyn
    • V. Vysotska
    • M. Bublyk
    • P. Grudowski
    • Y. Matseliukh
    • R. Nanivskyi

    - Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing - Year 2021

    The problem of developing methods of information resource processing is investigated. A formal procedure description of processing text content is developed. A new ontological approach to the implementation of business processes is proposed. Consider that the aim of our work is to develop methods and tools for building intelligent systems of information resource processing, the core of knowledge bases of which are ontology’s, and...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Book Review

    Acting over the last three decades as an Editor and Associate Editor for a number of international journals in the general area of cybernetics and AI, as well as a Chair and Co-Chair of numerous conferences in this field, I have had the exciting opportunity to closely witness and to be actively engaged in the stimulating research area of machine learning and its important augmentation with deep learning techniques and technologies. From...

    Full text to download in external service

  • The assessment of solar photovoltaic in Poland: the photovoltaics potential, perspectives and development

    Publication
    • B. Igliński
    • G. Piechota
    • U. Kiełkowska
    • W. Kujawski
    • M. B. Pietrzak
    • M. Skrzatek

    - Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - Year 2023

    The following article explains the current condition of the photovoltaics sector both in Poland and worldwide. Recently, a rapid development of solar energy has been observed in Poland and is estimated that the country now has about 700,000 photovoltaics prosumers. In October 2021, the total photovoltaics power in Poland amounted to nearly 5.7 GW. The calculated technical potential of photovoltaics in Poland is 153.484 PJ (42.634...

    Full text available to download

  • The Revitalization Processes of the Port Structures in Gdynia and Gdansk on the Background of Contemporary Port Changes

    Publication

    - Year 2016

    Transformations of the port facilities against the modernization of the port structures are present in many city-port centers since more than 50 years. The modernization taking place in the ports located in Gdynia-Gdansk mainly concerns communication availability and adapted to the multimodal technology of transport and transshipment. Developing specialized tech-terminals serving a specific type of load, causes development of the...

  • Urban Mentoring as a new polish management technique in participatory planning

    Publication

    A decade of experience in implementation of numerous urban modernization projects in Poland resulted in a lively debate on socialization of the planning process, in which the matter of the public space quality has become the center of gravity. In those years, transformation from the classic administrative model of „bureaucracy planning” to the model of „management planning” has not been complete. The socialist primacy of the public...

    Full text to download in external service

  • What makes them dream big? Determinants of business growth aspirations among Polish students

    The objective of the article is to explore the concept of business growth aspirations and identify its determinants at an early stage of the entrepreneurial process. In this exploratory study, I focused on the underexplored approach to entrepreneurial process i.e. to study the growth aspirations and its determinants alongside entrepreneurial intentions. Studying growth aspirations and their determinants provides valuable insights...

    Full text to download in external service

  • How do personality traits influence Open Government Data (OGD) adoption and usage? Investigating the indirect and moderating effects

    Publication
    • N. Rizun
    • C. H. Alexopoulos
    • S. Saxena
    • F. Kleiman
    • R. Matheus

    - Year 2023

    Open Government Data (OGD) research has focused for a long on the adoption and usage from the perspectives of users across different contexts. The underlying rationale for this specific focus is that OGD initiatives are undertaken to further citizen engagement with OGD for value generation and innovation purposes. Conceding that usage propensity is different across individuals, it is important to understand the influence of personality...

    Full text available to download

  • Emotional experiences of family caregivers of children with Dravet syndrome

    Publication

    Background: Since the psychosocial implications of Dravet syndrome (DS) are much more serious and far-reaching than in other types of epilepsy, caring for a DS child seriously affects the entire family. This study describes the emotional experiences of family caregivers of DS children and evaluates the way caregiving affects their perceived quality of life. Methods: An anonymous, self-administered...

    Full text available to download

  • Changing Attitudes in Cross Cultural Diversity through International Senior Capstone Projects

    Publication

    - Year 2015

    In this global world, today’s engineer is likely to have to work in global international teams with colleagues from other nationalities. The challenge for many engineering curricula is how to include, in a realistic way, this global dimension and increase the student’s awareness of the issues that are encountered. In the Purdue University Engineering Technology program, an international capstone project was created to increase...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Społeczne uwarunkowania dostępności przestrzeni publicznej

    Publication

    - Year 2010

    Działania projektowe urbanistów i architektów powinny iść w kierunku tworzenia pełnej dostępności przestrzeni publicznej, która spełni oczekiwania wszystkich mieszkańców, bez względu na wiek, stan zdrowia czy ogranicznia mobliności lub percepcji. Powszechna dostępność przestrzeni warunkuje prawidłowy rozwój jednostki i całych wspólnot oraz sprzyja tworzeniu zintegrowanego społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Dla poprawy bezpieczeństwa...

  • SEDIMENT DEPOSITION IN RESERVOIRS IN URBAN BASIN

    In recent years Gdańsk had sustained economic and social losses due to severe flash floods coming down from moraine hills. The first flood occurred in July 2001 and the second in July 2016. Both events were caused by intense and long rainfall characterized by different from each other rain intensity in time. Among other Gdansk’s streams the Oliwski Stream has the most extended flood protection system consist of 15 small retention...

    Full text to download in external service

  • CONTRASTING MODERNISMS - ARCHITECTURE OF HARBOUR CITIES GDYNIA AND ALTONA

    Publication

    - Year 2016

    The presentation of the exhibition “Architect Gustav Oelsner – Light, Air, Colour,”, which took place in Gdynia 1.04-29.05.2011, showed the clinker architecture of Gustav Oelsner in Altona. As a contrast to the white-plastered architecture of Gdynia, it provided an interesting background for the comparison of two different faces of modernism. The most important feature of the aesthetics of modernism was its cosmopolitan character,...

  • The Russian Federation in European Union Programmes

    Since the early 1990s, the European Union has been supporting socio-economic transformations in the former Soviet Union states, including the Russian Federation. Initially, this assistance was provided in the framework of the TACIS Programme, offering long-term, non-repayable aid. In 1991–2006 Russia received EUR 2.7bn for the restructuring of the state enterprise sector, establishment of private companies, state administration...

    Full text available to download

  • Polish Polar Research: Green-and-White Paper under the aegis of the Polish Polar Consortium (PPC)

    Publication
    • R. J. Bialik
    • M. Ewertowski
    • P. Głowacki
    • D. Gotlib
    • A. Goździk
    • M. Grabiec
    • K. Jankowska
    • L. Bartłomiej
    • M. Łuszczuk
    • W. Majewski... and 11 others

    - Year 2020

    Polar research is a colloquial term for cross-area, cross-domain and interdisciplinary research in the Arctic and Antarctic. Polar research is mainly the domain of natural sciences, but technical sciences and humanities also grow in importance. Being vulnerable to climate change, polar regions are commonly considered as a kind of litmus paper of changes in geosystems, hence the importance of research done there. It aims at a better...

    Full text to download in external service

  • Using Container Structures in Architecture and Urban Design

    Publication

    Abstract. The paper presents the use of shipping containers in architecture and urban design. Even today, houses and apartments are still too expensive. Since 1923 architects have been improving the living conditions of citizens by building very simple, repeatable forms. With prefabrication technology it became possible to build quicker, causing house prices to decrease. Apartments in block of flats became affordable to more and...

    Full text available to download

  • Paid work activity and entrepreneurial cognitions of students – evidence from European emerging economies

    Purpose – This paper aims to investigate whether paid work activity (PWA) experience of students from five emerging economies is related to academic results and self-assessment of possessed entrepreneurial traits. Additionally, the authors verify the relationship between obtaining work experience and the willingness to start own business among students. Design/methodology/approach – Participants included 3,631 students of the first...

    Full text available to download

  • Engineering and Management of Space Systems (EMSS) - an international joint Master's double-degree program

    Publication

    Dynamic development of the space sector of European, and especially of Polish and German economies results in a necessity for suitable Higher Education Institution graduates. The increasing digitization, distribution and networking of technical systems leads to the necessity of a degree programme teaching “the systems view” and “interdisciplinarity” methods and skills. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider the entire life cycle...

    Full text available to download

  • The role of isolated farmsteads in the open landscape protection on the example of Kashubia

    Publication

    - Architectus - Year 2023

    As a result of the social and economic transformation of rural areas, open landscapes are disappearing. Former farmsteads are being devastated or beginning to lose their landscape context due to the spread of residential building development. At the same time, in many places, the farmstead form is clearly legible and remains an element with which the view is structured and enriched. The article was aimed at drawing attention to...

    Full text available to download

  • Od Safony do Sibylli : o twórczości kobiet, które miały odwagę zmieniać świat

    Publication

    - Year 2015

    "From Sappho to Sibylla. About the women’s research and literary output preserved in the PAS Gdańsk Library early printed books collection (15th-18th c.)" The main purpose of this study was to present women’s research and literary output preserved in the early printed books collection (15th-18th c.) of the PAS Gdańsk Library (PAN Biblioteka Gdańska). The author mentions the phenomenon of women writing and participation in the...

  • Economic Vitality of Polish Suburbs

    Publication

    - Year 2015

    For over 25 years, Poland has been undergoing major political, social and economic transformations. The country's system changed from a planned economy to a free-market, neo-liberal one. The effects of these changes are visible on several levels, including the field of urban planning, where they manifested themselves as the birth of the suburbanization process. In the field of economics, it could be noticed that since 1989, the...

  • The significance of the underground experience: Selection of reference design cases from the underground public transport stations and interchanges of the European Union

    Publication

    Abstract Background Recent research into the way public transport users appreciate stations and interchanges has highlighted several key aspects. Importantly, the optimization of these facilities should not simply aim to resolve dissatisfiers, but should also focus on addressing satisfiers, through the incorporation of factors such as comfort and experience. ‘Soft requirements,’ which have emerged in architecture and urban design,...

  • Nontoxic Goiter (NTG) and Radioiodine: What Do Patients Think About It? Quality of Life in Patients with NTG Before and After 131-I Therapy

    Publication
    • S. Kaniuka-Jakubowska
    • A. Lewczuk
    • M. Majkowicz
    • M. Piskunowicz
    • K. Mizan-Gross
    • A. Zapaśnik
    • M. F. Kaszubowski
    • P. Lass
    • K. Sworczak

    - Frontiers in Endocrinology - Year 2018

    Objective Despite numerous publications regarding nontoxic goiter (NTG) treatment and an increasing interest in patients’ quality of life, few studies present the outcome of 131-I treatment from the patients’ perspective. Our study’s main aim was to verify whether there is any improvement in life quality following 131-I treatment. Materials and methods Thirty-five patients with NTG qualified to participate in the study. All patients...

    Full text available to download

  • How can Systems Thinking Help Us Handling the COVID-19 Crisis?

    Publication

    - Year 2020

    Purpose: COVID-19 pandemic outbreak remains one of the most influential events in the global economy over the recent years. While being primarily public health-related, it has a tremendous impact on many other aspects, such as public transport, education, and business management. Many businesses were forced to introduce rapid changes to their business models in order to survive. The aim of this paper is to show the complexity and...

    Full text available to download

  • Shaping Place Identity through Interaction on the Example of the European Solidarity Centre in Gdansk

    Publication

    - Year 2017

    The article presents process of shaping place identity on the example of an important for Pomerania region investment - European Solidarity Centre. The realization of the European Solidarity Centre aims to be one of the essential elements of shaping Gdańsk’s identity of space. The article is an attempt to analyse how the presence of realization gradually affects the formation of the place identity of new urban space. Analysis...

    Full text available to download

  • Lighting conditions in home office and occupant’s perception: Exploring drivers of satisfaction

    Publication

    - ENERGY AND BUILDINGS - Year 2022

    This paper depicts lighting home office conditions within different countries and continents, emphasizing the user’s satisfaction with the visual environment. The scope of this article is to investigate the drivers of participants’ satisfaction with the lighting conditions at the home office. The study was developed by a team of international experts working together on Subtask A: User perspective and requirements, Task 61 IEA...

    Full text available to download

  • Converting beach wrack into a resource as a challenge for the Baltic Sea (an overview)

    Publication
    • B. Chubarenko
    • J. Woelfel
    • J. Hofmann
    • S. Aldag
    • J. Bełdowski
    • J. Burlakovs
    • T. Garrels
    • J. Gorbunova
    • S. Guizani
    • A. Kupczyk... and 7 others

    - OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT - Year 2021

    The paper distinguishes beach wrack, the marine generated organic part of beach cast, as a separate management object and discusses research questions related to its management and economically viable use. Based on experiences from the Baltic Sea and existing practices from countries with different management systems clear distinction between the management of natural and anthropogenic components of cast material is seen as an...

    Full text to download in external service

  • To donate or not to donate? Future healthcare professionals’ opinions on biobanking of human biological material for research purposes

    Publication

    - BMC Medical Ethics - Year 2023

    Background Over the last few decades biobanks have been recognised as institutions that may revolutionisebiomedical research and the development of personalised medicine. Poland, however, still lacks clear regulationsregarding the running of biobanks and the conducting of biomedical research. While the awareness of the generalpublic regarding biobanks is low, healthcare professions and medical students also...

    Full text available to download

  • Effects of Addictive Substances During Pregnancy and Infancy and Their Analysis in Biological Materials

    The use of addictive substances during pregnancy is a serious social problem, not only because of effects on the health of the woman and child, but also because drug or alcohol dependency it detracts from childcare and enhances the prospect of child neglect and family breakdown. Developing additive substance abuse treatment programs for pregnant women is socially important and can help ensure the health of babies, prevent subsequent...