Search results for: STRONG PRODUCT GRAPHS - Bridge of Knowledge

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Search results for: STRONG PRODUCT GRAPHS

Search results for: STRONG PRODUCT GRAPHS

  • Classifying the transformation products (TPs) of emerging contaminants (ECs) for prioritizing research into their impact on the environment and human health

    Publication

    - Year 2014

    One of the first books to cover transformation products, rather than primary compounds, Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment gathers, specifies, synthesizes, and advances existing knowledge of the most important transformation product (TPs) of the main groups of emerging contaminants with potential concern to human health and the environment. This two-volume set for researchers and professionals covers...

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  • Separability in terms of a single entanglement witness

    Publication

    - PHYSICAL REVIEW A - Year 2013

    The separability problem is formulated in terms of a characterization of a single entanglement witness. More specifically, we show that any (in general multipartite) state rho is separable if and only if a specially constructed entanglement witness W-rho is weakly optimal, i.e., its expectation value vanishes on at least one product vector. Interestingly, the witness can always be chosen to be decomposable. Our result changes the...

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  • Zapiski pożeracza ksiąg : o rodzajach i funkcjach marginaliów na podstawie notatek Jana Bernarda Bonifacia = Marginalia of the book devourer : about the kind and functions of marginal notes on the basic of Giovanni Bernardino Bonifacio's annotations.

    Publication

    - Year 2012

    The aim of this study is to show the rich variety of marginalia written in the books by the hand of their owner, Giovanni Bernardo Bonifacio (1517—1597)‘, also known as "helluo librorum", a "book devourer". Most of the author’s attention has been focused upon recognizing the types and func­tions of the hand written comments left in the margins of the books by the Italian humanist. The role of the annotations has been seen as...

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  • Collaboration within the Automotive Value Chain

    Publication
    • A. Szerenos
    • A. Maciocha

    - Year 2007

    The paper describes new approach to supply chain management in the North American automotive industry, in part influenced by the Japanese model. To survive and prosper all automotive suppliers must face major challenges in supporting their customers including delivering innovative ideas, technology and quality with increasing speed, participating in every aspect of product development and producing entire systems. The authors describe...

  • Ella4Life virtual assistant - user centered design strategy - evaluation following labolatory tests

    Publication

    - Year 2020

    In the paper, we summarize the evaluation of Anne4Care system after laboratory tests. A group of end users, seniors over 55 years of age, rated a virtual assistant by completing a questionnaire. The objectives of the pilot evaluations are mainly to assess the feasibility, usability, acceptance and functionality of the system and the ability of the potential target user to use the system and receive valuable information from it...

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  • Seminarium Dyplomowe 2023/2024 (lato)

    e-Learning Courses
    • W. Witkowski
    • M. Rucka
    • I. Kreja
    • A. Sabik

    Seminarium Dyplomowe 2023/2024 (lato), kurs wspierający przedmiot Seminarium Dyplowmowe,  PG_00041398 przeznaczony dla studentów: Kierunek studiów: Budownictwo Poziom kształcenia: II stopnia Rok akademicki realizacji przedmiotu: 2020/2021 Forma studiów: stacjonarne Rok studiów: 2 Semestr: 3

  • Seminarium Dyplomowe 2021/2022 (lato)

    e-Learning Courses
    • W. Witkowski
    • M. Rucka
    • I. Kreja
    • A. Sabik
    • B. Sobczyk

    Seminarium Dyplomowe 2021/2022 (lato), kurs wspierający przedmiot Seminarium Dyplowmowe,  PG_00041398 przeznaczony dla studentów: Kierunek studiów: Budownictwi Poziom kształcenia: II stopnia Rok akademicki realizacji przedmiotu: 2020/2021 Forma studiów: stacjonarne Rok studiów: 2 Semestr: 3

  • Implementing Integrated Territorial Investments

    The chapter presents the first experiences related to the implementation of the Integrated Territorial Investment (ITI). In the case of the Pomeranian region in Poland, this process was associated with the creation of a broad partnership and bottom-up approach to the development strategy programming for Urban Functional Areas. In this paper, we try to assess the effectiveness of this process, by defining its strong points and bottlenecks,...

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  • Antimicrobial Activity of Honey

    Publication

    - Year 2017

    Honey has had a valued place in traditional medicine for centuries. It was used to overcome liver, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal problems and for treatment of some types of infectious disease. Particularly, good results were achieved in the case of application of this product for therapy of infected, difficult to heal wounds. The high health-promoting properties of honey have been recently confirmed in many research investigations....

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  • IATUL Fall Seminar - Connecting in a disconnected world.

    Events

    15-12-2021 12:00 - 15-12-2021 15:45

      We invite both current community members and other people interested in IATUL's activities to the online seminar on December 15, 2021. During the meeting, we will talk about the mission and activities of the organisation, as well as the benefits of belonging to the IATUL community. In addition, Special Interest Groups (SIGs), analysing...

  • 25636 Geodezyjny Monitoring Budowli 2022/2023 (lato)

    e-Learning Courses
    • M. K. Jasina
    • B. Meronk
    • M. Rucka
    • A. Sabik

    Geodezyjny Monitoring Budowli 2022/2023 (lato), kurs wspierający przedmiot Geodezyjny Monitoring Budowli A, PG_00044851 przeznaczony dla studentów: - Geodezja miejska i przemysłowa Geodezyjny Monitoring Budowli B, PG_00044858 przeznaczony dla studentów: - Geodezja drogowa i kolejowa Kierunek studiów: Geodezja i Kartografia Poziom kształcenia: I stopnia - inżynierskie Rok akademicki realizacji przedmiotu: 2022/2023Forma studiów:...

  • Detailed experimental investigations on frictional pressure drop of R134a during flow boiling in 5 mm diameter channel: The influence of acceleration pressure drop component =Études expérimentales détaillées sur la chute de pression frictionnelle du R134a lors de l'ébullition en écoulement dans un canal de 5 mm de diamètre : influence de la composante d'accélération de la chute de pression

    This article presents detailed two-phase diabatic pressure drop data for refrigerant R134a at a saturation pressure of 5.5 bar corresponding to the saturation temperature of 19.4 °C. Study cases have been set for a mass flux varying from 100 to 500 kg m−2 s−1. The obtained data are used as a validation of the void fraction literature models, a set of graphs shows comparisons, for a representative set of experimental conditions,...

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  • Bounds on the cover time of parallel rotor walks

    Publication

    - JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES - Year 2016

    The rotor-router mechanism was introduced as a deterministic alternative to the random walk in undirected graphs. In this model, a set of k identical walkers is deployed in parallel, starting from a chosen subset of nodes, and moving around the graph in synchronous steps. During the process, each node successively propagates walkers visiting it along its outgoing arcs in round-robin fashion, according to a fixed ordering. We consider...

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  • On a matching distance between rooted phylogenetic trees

    The Robinson–Foulds (RF) distance is the most popular method of evaluating the dissimilarity between phylogenetic trees. In this paper, we define and explore in detail properties of the Matching Cluster (MC) distance, which can be regarded as a refinement of the RF metric for rooted trees. Similarly to RF, MC operates on clusters of compared trees, but the distance evaluation is more complex. Using the graph theoretic approach...

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  • Runtime Visualization of Application Progress and Monitoring of a GPU-enabled Parallel Environment

    Publication

    The paper presents design, implementation and real life uses of a visualization subsystem for a distributed framework for parallelization of workflow-based computations among clusters with nodes that feature both CPUs and GPUs. Firstly, the proposed system presents a graphical view of the infrastructure with clusters, nodes and compute devices along with parameters and runtime graphs of load, memory available, fan speeds etc. Secondly,...

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  • Collision-free network exploration

    Publication
    • J. Czyzowicz
    • D. Dereniowski
    • L. Gąsieniec
    • R. Klasing
    • A. Kosowski
    • D. Pająk

    - JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES - Year 2017

    Mobile agents start at different nodes of an n-node network. The agents synchronously move along the network edges in a collision-free way, i.e., in no round two agents may occupy the same node. An agent has no knowledge of the number and initial positions of other agents. We are looking for the shortest time required to reach a configuration in which each agent has visited all nodes and returned to its starting location. In...

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  • Application of genetic algorithms in graph searching problem

    Graph searching is a common approach to solving a problem of capturing a hostile intruder by a group of mobile agents. We assume that this task is performed in environment which we are able to model as a graph G. The question asked is how many agents are needed to capture an arbitrary fast, invisible and smart intruder. This number is called the (edge) search number of G. The strategy which must be performed by agents is called...

  • Evaluation of losses in a hydraulic motor based on the SWSB - 63 motor tests

    Publication

    In this paper are compared two models of energy losses: that suggested by Prof. Paszota,Z. in monograph "Energy losses in the hydraulic displacement motors - definitions and relations serving the evaluation of the efficiency of hydrostatic drive" [18] and that ofProf. Balawender, A. in "Energy analysis and methodology of testing of low-speed hydraulic motors" [1]. By using the data obtained from the tests of SWSB-63 hydraulic motors...

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  • Searching by heterogeneous agents

    In this work we introduce and study a pursuit-evasion game in which the search is performed by heterogeneous entities. We incorporate heterogeneity into the classical edge search problem by considering edge-labeled graphs: once a search strategy initially assigns labels to the searchers, each searcher can be only present on an edge of its own label. We prove that this problem is not monotone even for trees and we give instances...

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  • Mikrofiltrowany koncentrat soku brzozowego jako innowacyjny, trwały środek spożywczy o wysokiej wartości odżywczej

    Publication
    • M. Bilek
    • K. Pilch
    • J. Wawer
    • S. Stanisław

    - Medycyna Rodzinna - Year 2020

    Introduction. The forest environment becomes an increasingly popular place of obtaining raw materials, and one of the most promising product is birch sap. The market for bottled birch sap in Poland is monotonous, relying exclusively on pasteurized, acidified and sweetened drinks. A chance to change this situation is to develop a birch sap concentrate obtained by reverse osmosis. It has a sweet taste desired by consumers and particularly...

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  • Advancing sustainable wastewater management: A comprehensive review of nutrient recovery products and their applications

    Wastewater serves as a vital resource for sustainable fertilizer production, particularly in the recovery of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). This comprehensive study explores the recovery chain, from technology to final product reuse. Biomass growth is the most cost-effective method, valorizing up to 95 % of nutrients, although facing safety concerns. Various techniques enable the recovery of 100 % P and up to 99 % N, but challenges...

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  • Projektowanie retencji i odwodnień miejskich IŚ IZW 2023/24

    e-Learning Courses
    • K. Weinerowska-Bords
    • W. Szpakowski

    Kurs przeznaczony jest dla Studentów II stopnia studiów stacjonarnych na WILiŚ, na kierunku Inżynieria Środowiska specj. Inżynieria zasobów wodnych (sem.II).  

  • Techniki Informacyjne CAD LAB Gospodarka Przestrzenna 2022/23

    e-Learning Courses
    • D. Cyparski

    Wydział: Wydział Architektury Kierunek: Gospodarka Przestrzenna studia stacjonarne I stopnia, I rok, 2 sem. Rok Akad.: 2022/23 Przedmiot: Techniki Informacyjne Opis: Wykorzystanie oprogramowania CAD w sporządzaniu dokumentacji planistycznej oraz w projektowaniu urbanistycznym.

  • Thermodynamic Characteristics of Phenacetin in Solid State and Saturated Solutions in Several Neat and Binary Solvents

    Publication

    - MOLECULES - Year 2021

    The thermodynamic properties of phenacetin in solid state and in saturated conditions in neat and binary solvents were characterized based on differential scanning calorimetry and spectroscopic solubility measurements. The temperature-related heat capacity values measured for both the solid and melt states were provided and used for precise determination of the values for ideal solubility, fusion thermodynamic functions, and...

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  • Shaping the City Responding to Climate Change – Concept of Development of the Right Bank of the Vistula River in Toruń, Poland,

    Publication

    The problems of cities of the 21st century are caused by anthropogenic oppression of the environment, through the growth of economic activity and continuous urbanisation, and taking away ecologically important open areas and biologically active areas. Increasingly frequent and sudden rains, strong winds, turbulence and rising world water levels are some of the consequences of climate change that have a direct impact on the functioning...

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  • Dynamika 23'24 mgr nst

    e-Learning Courses
    • M. K. Jasina
    • B. Meronk

    Dynamika mgr nst 2023/2024 (lato),kurs wspierający przedmiot:Dynamika budowli, PG_00048222,przeznaczony dla studentów - Budownictwo mgr nst rocznik 2022 Kierunek studiów: BudownictwoPoziom kształcenia: 2 stopnia - magisterskieRok akademicki realizacji przedmiotu: 2023/2024Forma studiów: niestacjonarne Rok studiów: 2Semestr studiów: 4 (2, letni) id=38655

  • Technologia informacyjna 2022/2023 (zima)

    e-Learning Courses
    • M. K. Jasina
    • M. Rucka
    • A. Sabik
    • R. Licow

    Technologia informacyjna 2022/2023 (zima)kurs jest przeznaczony dla studentów: Kierunek studiów: Transport Poziom kształcenia: I stopnia - inżynierskie Rok akademicki realizacji przedmiotu: 2022/2023Forma studiów: stacjonarne Rok studiów: 1Semestr: 1 (zimowy)

  • Technologia informacyjna 2023/2024 (sem. zimowy)

    e-Learning Courses
    • M. K. Jasina
    • M. Rucka
    • A. Sabik
    • N. Karkosińska-Brzozowska
    • R. Licow

    TransportTechnologia informacyjna 2023/2024 (sem. zimowy)kurs jest przeznaczony dla studentów: Kierunek studiów: Transport Poziom kształcenia: I stopnia - inżynierskie Rok akademicki realizacji przedmiotu: 2023/2024Forma studiów: stacjonarne Rok studiów: 1Semestr: 1 (zimowy)

  • Technologia Informacyjna 2024/2025 (zima) kopia 1

    e-Learning Courses

    TransportTechnologia informacyjna 2023/2024 (sem. zimowy)kurs jest przeznaczony dla studentów: Kierunek studiów: Transport Poziom kształcenia: I stopnia - inżynierskie Rok akademicki realizacji przedmiotu: 2023/2024Forma studiów: stacjonarne Rok studiów: 1Semestr: 1 (zimowy)

  • Statystyka matematyczna - 2024 sem. 2, 1 stop. Transport

    e-Learning Courses
    • K. Szwaczkiewicz
    • A. Gobis
    • P. Jerzyło

    Statystyka matematyczna (Transport) - sem. II inż. Prowadzący wykłady: dr inż. Kamila SzwaczkiewiczProwadzący ćwiczenia: mgr inż. Anna Gobis, mgr inż. Patrycja Jerzyło

  • 34603 Geodezyjny Monitoring Budowli 2023/2024 (lato)

    e-Learning Courses
    • M. K. Jasina
    • B. Meronk

    Geodezyjny Monitoring Budowli 2023/2024 (lato), kurs wspierający przedmiot:Geodezyjny Monitoring Budowli A, PG_00044851 przeznaczony dla studentów - Geodezja miejska i przemysłowa Geodezyjny Monitoring Budowli B, PG_00044858 przeznaczony dla studentów - Geodezja drogowa i kolejowaKierunek studiów: Geodezja i Kartografia Poziom kształcenia: I stopnia - inżynierskie Rok akademicki realizacji przedmiotu: 2023/2024Forma studiów:...

  • Invasive breast carcinoma of no special type - Female, 72 - Tissue image [5040730020275031]

    Open Research Data

    This is the histopathological image of BREAST tissue sample obtained in Medical University Gdańsk and deposited in ZMDL-GUMED. The sample image was taken using: Pannoramic 250 3DHistech slide scanner (20x magnification) and saved to DICOM format.

  • The luminescence study ofNaK2Li[Li3SiO4]4:Ce coumpounds.

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Phosphors with a rigid and symmetrical structure are urgently needed. The alkali lithosilicate family (A[Li3SiO4]) has been extensively studied with a narrow emission band due to its unique cuboid-coordinated environment and rigid structure. However, here we demonstrate for the first time Ce-doped NaK2Li[Li3SiO4]4 phosphors with a broad emission band,...

  • Muneer Ahmed Mr

    People

    Looking for an organization where I can better utilize my scientific and technical skills in the arena of research or work as a faculty person. Besides, I am also willing to work as professional engineer with dedication and diligence in dynamic environment. Likewise, I've been a committed and tenacious candidate throughout my career. I am aware of the level of commitment, dedication and strength required. Despite the fact that...

  • The possibility of use keratin products in various branches of industry

    Publication

    Bird's feather, the main by-product of the poultry industry, are not enough utilized and negatively influencing the environment. They contain large amount of keratin, the protein with high cystine content. The aim of our work was to obtain hydrolysates and isolates of keratin, which can be used in various areas of food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industry and as animal feed. Keratin can be hydrolyzed and extracted from feather after...

  • Universal construction of genuinely entangled subspaces of any size

    Publication

    We put forward a simple construction of genuinely entangled subspaces – subspaces supporting only genuinely multipartite entangled states – of any permissible dimensionality for any number of parties and local dimensions. The method uses nonorthogonal product bases, which are built from totally nonsingular matrices with a certain structure. We give an explicit basis for the constructed subspaces. An immediate consequence of our...

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  • Aspekty społeczne w inżynierii transportowej

    e-Learning Courses
    • J. Wachnicka
    • K. Jamroz
    • T. Mackun
    • A. Gobis
    • R. Okraszewska
    • M. Budzyński
    • J. Oskarbski
    • K. Birr

    Aspekty społeczne w inżynierii transportowej 2023/2024 (lato), kurs wspierający przedmiot Aspekty społeczne w inżynierii transportowej, (PG_00062425) przeznaczony dla studentów: Kierunek studiów: Transport Poziom kształcenia: II stopnia - magisterskieRok akademicki realizacji przedmiotu: 2023/2024 Forma studiów: stacjonarne Semestr: 2 (letni)  

  • Metody redukcji zróżnicowania materiałów wejściowych w warunkach wysokiej różnorodności produktów gotowych

    Publication

    Artykuł opisuje zagadnienie związane z negatywnym wpływem wysokiego zróżnicowania materiałów wejściowych w procesach produkcyjnych o wysokiej różnorodności produktów gotowych. W pierwszej części pracy opisane zostało oddziaływanie zróżnicowania materiału na podstawowe mierniki skuteczności procesu produkcyjnego z uwzględnieniem cen zakupu materiałów, kosztów utrzymania zapasów, jakości produktu oraz wydajności maszyn i urządzeń....

  • Does low price mean high competitiveness

    Publication

    We found a strong positive relationship between Comparative Price Level Index (CPL) and Growth Competitiveness Index (GCI). We do realize that the relation we have found does not have to indicate cause and effects relationship. Competitiveness is a process which goes far beyond price level but it is detemined by lots of different elemnts. We show the GCI composition that provides a concept explaining what exactly determines competitiveness...

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  • Multiscaled Hybrid Features Generation for AdaBoost Object Detection

    This work presents the multiscaled version of modified census features in graphical objects detection with AdaBoost cascade training algorithm. Several experiments with face detector training process demonstrate better performance of such features over ordinal census and Haar-like approaches. The possibilities to join multiscaled census and Haar features in single hybrid cascade of strong classifiers are also elaborated and tested....

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  • Molecular and structural basis of inner core lipopolysaccharide alterations in Escherichia coli: incorporation of glucuronic acid and phosphoethanolamine in the heptose region.

    Publication

    - JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY - Year 2013

    It is well established that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) often carries nonstoichiometric substitutions in lipid A and in the inner core. In this work, the molecular basis of inner core alterations and their physiological significance are addressed. A new inner core modification of LPS is described, which arises due to the addition of glucuronic acid on the third heptose with a concomitant loss of phosphate on the second heptose. This...

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  • The possibility of use by-products for synthesis of emulsifiers

    In the last years the interest in use of materials originated from natural sources, e.g. vegetables to produce attractive products still grows. According to that, also the synthesis of these products should be adequate to the green chemistry requirements. The typical example observed in recent years focuses on utlization of bioglycerol - the by - product of global biodiesel manufacturing. The still growing production of biodiesel...

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  • Increasing the Geometrical and Interpretation Quality of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry Products Using Super-Resolution Algorithms

    Publication

    Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have now become very popular in photogrammetric and remote-sensing applications. Every day, these vehicles are used in new applications, new terrains, and new tasks, facing new problems. One of these problems is connected with flight altitude and the determined ground sample distance in a specific area, especially within cities and industrial and construction areas. The problem is that a safe flight...

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  • Effect of Chitosan Solution on Low-Cohesive Soil’s Shear Modulus G Determined through Resonant Column and Torsional Shearing Tests

    Publication
    • M. Bocheńska
    • M. Bujko
    • I. Dyka
    • P. E. Srokosz
    • R. Ossowski

    - Applied Sciences-Basel - Year 2022

    In this study the effect of using a biopolymer soil stabilizer on soil stiffness characteristics was investigated. Chitosan is a bio-waste material that is obtained by chemical treatment of chitin (a chemical component of fungi or crustaceans’ shells). Using chitosan solution as a soil stabilizer is based on the assumption that the biopolymer forms temporary bonds with soil particles. What is important is that these bonds are biodegradable,...

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  • Finite Element Method

    e-Learning Courses
    • B. Sobczyk
    • M. Malikan

    Item Name : Finite Element Method- Abaqus learning Field of study : Civil Engineering Faculty : Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Education level : Second degree studies Form of studies : Full-time studies Year of studies : 1 Study semester : 2 Start of the semester : November 2021 Academic year of the course : 2021/2022 Form of classes : Lecture, Laboratory

  • α-Pinene, 3-carene and d-limonene in indoor air of Polish apartments: The impact on air quality and human exposure

    Publication

    Monoterpenes are among most ubiquitous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be detected in indoor air. Since the quality of indoor air is considered important for inhabitants' well-being, the present study aimed at investigating impact of human activity on levels of selected monoterpenes applying passive sampling technique followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. One of the objectives of...

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  • On the origin of surfaces-dependent growth of benzoic acid crystal inferred through the droplet evaporation method

    Publication
    • P. Cysewski
    • M. Przybyłek
    • T. Miernik
    • M. Kobierski
    • D. Ziółkowska

    - STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY - Year 2015

    Crystal growth behavior of benzoic acid crystals on different surfaces was examined. The performed experiments documented the existence of very strong influence introduced by polar surfaces as glass, gelatin, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the growth of benzoic acid crystals. These surfaces impose strong orientation effect resulting in a dramatic reduction of number of faces seen with x-ray powder diffractions (XPRD). However,...

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  • On the origin of surfaces-dependent growth of benzoic acid crystal inferred through the droplet evaporation method

    Publication
    • P. Cysewski
    • M. Przybyłek
    • T. Miernik
    • M. Kobierski
    • D. Ziółkowska

    - STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY - Year 2015

    Crystal growth behavior of benzoic acid crystals on different surfaces was examined. The performed experiments documented the existence of very strong influence introduced by polar surfaces as glass, gelatin, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the growth of benzoic acid crystals. These surfaces impose strong orientation effect resulting in a dramatic reduction of number of faces seen with x-ray powder diffractions (XPRD). However,...

    Full text to download in external service

  • On the origin of surfaces-dependent growth of benzoic acid crystal inferred through the droplet evaporation method

    Publication
    • P. Cysewski
    • M. Przybyłek
    • T. Miernik
    • M. Kobierski
    • D. Ziółkowska

    - STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY - Year 2015

    Crystal growth behavior of benzoic acid crystals on different surfaces was examined. The performed experiments documented the existence of very strong influence introduced by polar surfaces as glass, gelatin, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on the growth of benzoic acid crystals. These surfaces impose strong orientation effect resulting in a dramatic reduction of number of faces seen with x-ray powder diffractions (XPRD). However,...

    Full text to download in external service

  • A New Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Signal Detection Method for Underwater Acoustic Communications in Shallow-Water Channel

    Publication

    Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) is one of the modulation and coding techniques used in Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) systems for reliable data transmision even at low signal levels. However, in a shallow water channel, there is a strong multipath propagation which causes a phase fluctuation of the received signal, affecting the performance of the spread-spectrum system. The article presents a differential method...

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