Search results for: GROUND%20TIRE%20RUBBER
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Ridged horn antenna for ground penetrating radar
PublicationOmówiono modyfikację tuby grzbietowej polegającą na jej wypełnieniu dielektrykiem, w celu wykorzystania do układu pozwalającego na poszukiwanie obiektów znajdujących się pod ziemią. Omówiono badania, które doprowadziły do opracowania konstrukcji anteny z wypełnieniem dielektrycznym. Przedstawiono wyniki testu takiej anteny w układzie do detekcji obiektu metalowego umieszczonego pod ziemią.
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Analysis of single-ground-plane coplanar waveguide
PublicationW pracy przedstawion metodę analizy rodziny koplanarnych linii transmisyjnych z pojedynczym przewodem masy. Oryginalne, nie znane wcześniej wyniki modelowania numerycznego potwierdzone zostały dużą zgodnością z wynikami pomiarów wykonanych dla struktury falowodu koplanarnego z pojedynczym przewodem masy (SGP-CPW.
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Meander microstrip line with defected ground structures
PublicationW artykule omówiono koncepcję miniaturyzacji sekcji linii mikropaskowej poprzez modyfikację brzegu linii oraz warstwy metalizacji masy. W pracy zaprezentowano projekt oraz wyniki eksperymentu sprzęgacza gałęziowego skonstruowanego w oparciu o linię meandrową z zaburzoną warstwą metalizacji masy. Pomierzone charakterystyki transmisyjne potwierdzają atrakcyjność zastosowanych metod redukcji zajmowanej przez układ powierzchni. Osiągnięto...
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Ground improvement with in-situ wet soil mixing
PublicationOpisano rozwój technologii mieszania wgłębnego gruntu na świecie i w Polsce. Przedstawiono bliżej aktualnie wykorzystywane metody mieszania, wprowadzane przez specjalistyczne firmy. W syntetyczny sposób podsumowano zasady projektowania oraz doświadczenia wykonawcze. Zamieszczono bliższe informacje odnośnie kilku przykładów zastosowania w Polsce.
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Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Ground Improvement
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Second-order Stark effect and polarizability of a relativistic two-dimensional hydrogenlike atom in the ground state
PublicationThe second-order Stark effect for a planar Dirac one-electron atom in the ground state is analyzed within the framework of the Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory, with the use of the Sturmian series expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green's function. A closed-form analytical expression for the static dipole polarizability of that system is found. The formula involves the generalized hypergeometric function ${}_{3}F_{2}$...
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Synergistic Effects of Bitumen Plasticization and Microwave Treatment on Short-Term Devulcanization of Ground Tire Rubber
PublicationGround tire rubber (GTR) was mechano-chemically modified with road bitumen 160/220 and subsequently treated using a microwave radiation. The combined impact of bitumen 160/220 content and microwave treatment on short-term devulcanization of GTR was studied by thermal camera, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD-XRF), static headspace, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS), thermogravimetric analysis...
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Management of ground tire rubber waste by incorporation into polyurethane-based composite foams
PublicationRapid economic growth implicated the developing multiple industry sectors, including the automotive branch, increasing waste generation since recycling and utilization methods have not been established simultaneously. A very severe threat is the generation of enormous amounts of post-consumer tires considered burdensome waste, e.g., due to the substantial emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Therefore, it is essential...
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Investigation on Damage-Involved Structural Response of Colliding Steel Structures during Ground Motions
PublicationEarthquakes are the most unpredictable damaging loads which can affect civil engineering structures. Due to insufficient separation distance between adjacent structures with different dynamic properties, structural collisions may occur during ground motions. Although the research on structural pounding has recently been much advanced, the studies have mainly been conducted for concrete structures. The aim of this paper is to show...
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Ground lemon and stevia leaves as renewable functional fillers with antioxidant activity for high-density polyethylene composites
PublicationThe development of new sustainable material solutions in the processing of thermoplastic polymers concerns both the application of biopolymers and the use of valorized plant derivatives as fillers and modifiers of petrochemical polymers. Herein, the possibility of using unprocessed raw parts of two commonly used in the food industry leaves, i.e., lemon (LL) and stevia (ST), as active and functional fillers for high-density polyethylene...
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The influence of feed rate and shear forces on the devulcanization process of ground tire rubber (GTR) conducted in a co-rotating twin screw extruder
PublicationThe search for new ways to recycling of rubber waste has been the aim of many studies conducted by research centers and companiesworldwide. The results of our investigations on the process of continuous thermomechanical devulcanization of ground tire rubber using a twin screw extruder are presented.We used a co-rotating twin screw extruder with a special configuration of plasticizing unit, enabling generation of considerable shear...
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Morphology and properties of recycled polyethylene/ground tyre rubber/thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane) blends
PublicationThe growing amount of plastics waste produced every year resulted in development of mechanical and chemical recycling methods of polymers and their blends or composites. From the environmental point of view, the possibility of plastics waste reusing and recycling is desirable. In this study three polymer blends were obtained with using recycled polyethylene (RPE), ground tyre rubber (GTR) and thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane)...
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Grafting and reactive extrusion technologies for compatibilization of ground tyre rubber composites: Compounding, properties, and applications
PublicationChemical modification of ground tyre rubber (GTR) to compatibilize it with the matrix is a well-known approach. Based on our recent review of the surface etching methods used in GTR modification, the purpose of the current work is to take a deeper look into more advanced methods such as grafting and reactive extrusion. While grafting is more efficient in achieving compatibility, however, it usually involves multi-step synthesis...
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Thermo-mechanical reclaiming of ground tire rubber via extrusion at low temperature: Efficiency and limits
PublicationThermomechanical reclaiming of ground tire rubber (GTR) was performed at different temperatures (60, 120, and 180°C) using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Obtained samples were used in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) blends. As reference samples, SBR compounds containing untreated GTR were used. Curing characteristics, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and morphology of the obtained blends were determined. The results...
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Buried Object Characterization Using Ground Penetrating Radar Assisted by Data-Driven Surrogate-Models
PublicationThis work addresses artificial-intelligence-based buried object characterization using 3-D full-wave electromagnetic simulations of a ground penetrating radar (GPR). The task is to characterize cylindrical shape, perfectly electric conductor (PEC) object buried in various dispersive soil media, and in different positions. The main contributions of this work are (i) development of a fast and accurate data driven surrogate modeling...
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Effect of slightly crosslinked butyl rubber and compatibilizer additives on properties of recycled polyethylene-ground tire rubber blends
PublicationSlightly crosslinked butyl rubber, (PhMe2CO)(2) and maleic anhydride were added as compatibilizer to the recycled polyethylene-ground tire rubber blends. Recycled postprodn. and postconsumer (shredded bottle caps) polyethylene wastes were used. The thermoplastic compns. were studied for statistic and dynamic mech. properties and morphol. The addn. of butyl rubber resulted in a decrease of the tensile strength and hardness of the...
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Reactive Sintering of Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) Modified by a Trans-Polyoctenamer Rubber and Curing Additives
PublicationThe proposed method of ground tire rubber (GTR) utilization involves the application of trans-polyoctenamer rubber (TOR), a commercially available waste rubber modifier. The idea was to investigate the influence of various curing additives (sulfur, N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS), dibenzothiazole disulfide (MBTS) and di-(2-ethyl)hexylphosphorylpolysulfide (SDT)) on curing characteristics, physico-mechanical, thermal,...
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Entanglement Entropies in the Ground States of Helium-Like Atoms
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Design of UWB coplanar antenna with reduced ground plane
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono projekt kompaktowej anteny szerokopasmowej złożonej z dwóch kołowych pasków koplanarnych ograniczających szczelinę o podobnym kształcie. Antena zasilona była z 50 Ω linii trójpaskowej. Przeprowadzono badania wpływu zewnętrznego paska na pasmo anteny. Zaprojektowana antena została zbadana eksperymentalnie pokazując bardzo dobre parametry: w paśmie 1.7-15.5GHz uzyskano |S11| < −10dB. Antena charakteryzowała...
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Design of Ground Surface Sealing in The Spatial Policy of Communes
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3D Object Shape Reconstruction from Underwater Multibeam Data and Over Ground Lidar Scanning
PublicationThe technologies of sonar and laser scanning are an efficient and widely used source of spatial information with regards to underwater and over ground environment respectively. The measurement data are usually available in the form of groups of separate points located irregularly in three-dimensional space, known as point clouds. This data model has known disadvantages, therefore in many applications a different form of representation,...
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Curing characteristics, mechanical properties and morphology of butyl rubber filled with ground tire rubber (GTR)
PublicationThe results on testing application of ground tire rubber (GTR), as potential filler for butyl rubber, are pre- sented. The GTR content variation, within the range of 10–90 phr, was studied with respect to the vulcanization process, static mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation-at-break, hardness and resilience), dynamic mechanical properties and the morphology of the obtained vulcanizates. Butyl rubber was characterized...
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Insights into Stoichiometry Adjustments Governing the Performance of Flexible Foamed Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites
PublicationPolyurethanes (PU) are widely applied in the industry due to their tunable performance adjusted by changes in the isocyanate index—stoichiometric balance between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups. This balance is affected by the incorporation of modifiers of fillers into the PU matrix and is especially crucial for PU foams due to the additional role of isocyanates—foaming of the material. Despite the awareness of the issue underlined...
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Modeling of a Quasi-Resonant DC Link Inverter Dedicated to Common-Mode Voltage and Ground Current Reduction
PublicationIn this paper, the modeling methodology of the AC drive system with a Parallel Quasi-Resonant DC Link Inverter (PQRDCLI) is described. A presented modeling approach is an attractive tool used for the effective evaluation of a common-mode (CM) voltage and grounds current reduction methods. Designed models of inverter, induction machine (IM), and cable are simple, thus the methods for parameter extraction are not complicated. Verification...
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The influence of screw configuration and screw speed of co-rotating twin screw extruder on the properties of products obtained by thermomechanical reclaiming of ground tire rubber
PublicationThe results of our investigations on the process of continuous thermomechanical reclaiming of ground tire rubber (GTR) carried out using a twin screw extruder are presented.We used a co-rotating twin screw extruder with a special configuration of plasticizing unit, enabling generation of considerable shear forces. The influence of screw configuration and screw speed on breaking of chemical crosslink bonds contained in ground tire...
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The Impact of Hybrid Flame Retardant Compositions on the Performance of Foamed Flexible Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites
PublicationCurrent sustainability-oriented trends affect polyurethane (PU) materials and stimulate the incorporation of recycled or waste-based materials as fillers. Ground tire rubber (GTR) poses as an auspicious candidate due to the excellent performance of car tires. Despite the benefits related to the mechanical performance, it contributes to the increasing flammability of the resulting composites. Herein, presented work assessed the...
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Ground tire rubber thermo-mechanically devulcanized in the presence of waste engine oil as asphalt modifier
PublicationCross-linked elastomers network is main limitation for industrial usage of ground tire rubber (GTR) as asphalts’ and road pavements modifier. GTR was thermo-mechanically devulcanized via extrusion in the presence of waste engine oil (WEO) at temperature ranges from 150 to 280 °C. Combined impact of WEO content and extruder barrel temperature on the change of cross-linked structure of degraded GTR (DTGR) was investigated through...
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Evaluation the P-Delta Effect on Collapse Capacity of Adjacent Structures Subjected to Far-field Ground Motions
PublicationIn urban areas, adjacent structures can be seen in any insufficient distance from each other, because of economic reasons and refusal of acquired minimum separation distance according to seismic previsions. Collapse capacity assessment of structures is one of the important objectives of performance-based seismic engineering. The purpose of this study is to consider the pounding phenomenon and P-Delta effect in seismic collapse...
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Effect of Compounding Conditions on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Ground Tire Rubber Blends
PublicationSearching for new and cost-effective methods of waste rubber recycling is a subject of research in many scientific centers in the world. In this paper there are presented results of the research of the extrusion process of cheap and environmentally friendly thermoplastic compositions containing 50 % wt. of masses of ground tire rubber (GTR). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the mixing conditions and...
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Non-Linear Analysis of Inter-Story Pounding between Wood-Framed Buildings during Ground Motion
PublicationPounding between adjacent buildings during ground motion may result in structural damage or lead to total destruction of structures. The research on the phenomenon has recently been much advanced; however, the analyses have been carried out only for concrete, steel, and masonry structures, while pounding between wooden buildings has not been studied so far. The aim of this paper is to show the results of detailed non-linear seismic...
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Thermo-oxidative exfoliation of carbon black from ground tire rubber as potential reinforcement in green tires
PublicationConsidering the balance between rapidly growing global tire demand and scarcity of natural resources, recycling and reclaiming techniques of tire rubber have become the state of the art. Herein, we set out to implement a self-designed thermo-oxidative reactor for the exfoliation of carbon black (CB) from ground tire rubber, which is efficiently functioned under a thermo-oxidative reclaiming condition without any additive. The exfoliation...
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Modelling of Edge Insulation Depending on Boundary Conditions for the Ground Level
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Simulation and experiment of radiating slot in a ground-plane of microstrip junction
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono badania numeryczne oraz eksperymentalne szczeliny promieniującej umieszczonej w płaszczyźnie masy złącza mikropaskowego. Złącze mikropaskowe składa się z linii mikropaskowej oraz rozwartego na końcu sęka. Szczelina umieszczona jest równolegle do linii mikropaskowej.
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Reclaiming ground tire rubber at low temperatures: benefits and limitations
PublicationLower extrusion temperatures during rubber reclamation lead to a reduction in toxic degradation products and improve the mechanical properties of vulcanizates, at the expense of reduced processability.
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Numerical Simulation of Operating Parameters of the Ground Source Heat Pump
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Full CI ground state potential energy curves and one-electron relativistic corrections for hydrogen molecule in various basis sets
Open Research DataThis dataset consists of Full CI ground state Born-Oppenheimer potential energy curves and one-electron relativistic corrections for hydrogen dimer. Nonrelativistic energies, as well as one electron relativistic corrections (treated perturbatively with help of the Cowan-Griffin Hamiltonian) are presented for internuclear distances between 0.8 and 10...
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Chemical surface etching methods for ground tire rubber as sustainable approach for environmentally-friendly composites development– a review
PublicationGround tire rubber (GTR) has been used as a sustainable low-cost modifier in various composites. However, due to the hydrophobic nature of GTR, it is in compatible with most matrices and results in deterioration in both mechanical and physical properties of composites. This necessitates pre-modification of the powdered rubber to improve the interfacial bonding at the rubber-matric interface. The most common GTR modification research...
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Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Elastomers via Low-Temperature Extrusion Process: Physico-Mechanical Properties and Volatile Organic Emission Assessment
PublicationIn this paper, low-temperature extrusion of ground tire rubber was performed as a proecological waste tires recycling method. During this process, ground tire rubber was modified with constant content of dicumyl peroxide and a variable amount of elastomer (in the range: 2.5–15 phr). During the studies, three types of elastomers were used: styrene-butadiene rubber, styreneethylene/butylene-styrene grafted with maleic anhydride and...
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Structural Changes and Their Implications in Foamed Flexible Polyurethane Composites Filled with Rapeseed Oil-Treated Ground Tire Rubber
PublicationThe utilization of post-consumer car tires is an essential issue from an ecological andeconomic point of view. One of the simplest and the least harmful methods is their material recyclingresulting in ground tire rubber (GTR), which can be further applied as fillers for polymer-basedcomposites. Nevertheless, insufficient interfacial interactions implicate the necessity of GTR modi-fication before introduction into polymer matrices....
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Design and Optimization of Metamaterial-Based Dual-Band 28/38 GHz 5G MIMO Antenna with Modified Ground for Isolation and Bandwidth Improvement
PublicationThis letter presents a high-isolation dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna based on the ground plane modification and optimized metamaterials (MMs) for 5G millimeter-wave applications. The antenna is a monopole providing a dual-band response at 5G 28/38 bands with a small physical size (4.8 × 2.9 × 0.762 mm3, excluding the feeding line). The MIMO consists of two symmetric radiating elements arranged adjacently...
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SSE PLATFORM APPLICATION TO EXTEND OPERATIONABILITY OF WEB-GIS BASED MARINE SERVICES OF AN HRPT-METOP SATELLITE GROUND STATION
PublicationEarth Observation (EO) products are widely used by geospatial society. Over the last years a number of new applications of satellite imagery were proposed. This led to an increased interest in EO products, not only from researchers but also from companies and individuals. The authors constitute the essential part of the team that created the marine, web-GIS system - SafeCity GIS - for dissemination of data obtained from a 1.5 metre...
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Non-destructive Diagnostics of the Floor in the Gdańsk Crane Using Ground Penetrating Radar = Diagnostyka nieniszcząca posadzki w gdańskim Żurawiu z zastosowaniem metody georadarowej
PublicationThis paper presents the results of a ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey carried out at the Crane in Gdańsk. The measurements were conducted on the floor of the southern and northern towers. The aim of the experiment is to assess the possibility of detecting anomalies beneath the floor. The surveys were carried out in a non-destructive manner, using a georadar unit with 2 GHz and 400/900 MHz antennas. This paper compares the...
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The Impact of Isocyanate Index and Filler Functionalities on the Performance of Flexible Foamed Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites
PublicationThe structure and performance of polyurethane (PU) foams are strongly driven by the stoichiometry of the polyaddition reaction, quantitatively described by the isocyanate index. It determines the balance between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups in the reacting system and is affected by the introduction of additional functionalities originated, e.g., from applied fillers. Nevertheless, this issue is hardly taken into account in research...
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Static magnetic multipole susceptibilities of the relativistic hydrogenlike atom in the ground state: Application of the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function
PublicationWe study far- and near-field magnetic and electric multipole moments induced in the ground state of the Dirac one-electron atom placed in a weak 2L-pole magnetostatic field. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the first-order Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory, with the use of the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function [Szmytkowski, J. Phys. B 30, 825 (1997);J. Phys. B 30, 2747(E)...
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The Idea of Using Bayesian Networks in Forecasting Impact of Traffic-Induced Vibrations Transmitted through the Ground on Residential Buildings
PublicationTraffic–induced vibrations may constitute a considerable load to buildings. In this paper, vibrations transmitted through the ground caused by wheeled vehicles are considered. This phenomenon may cause cracking of plaster, cracks in load-bearing elements or even, in extreme cases, collapse of the whole structure. Measurements of vibrations of real structures are costly and laborious. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to...
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Applying ground penetrating radar to tracking of ancient architectural transformations: the case of the monastery St. Peter on the Island of Rab (Croatia)
PublicationThe ground-penetrating radar (GPR) method has been used for many years in archaeological research. However, thismethod is still not widely used in studies of past architecture. The biggest problem with the implementation of the GPRmethod at such sites is usually connected with extensive debris layers, plant cover and standing relics of walls and otherfeatures that restrict the available measurement area. Despite of these, properly...
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Investigating the combined impact of plasticizer and shear force on the efficiency of low temperature reclaiming of ground tire rubber (GTR)
PublicationIn the present work, ground tire rubber (GTR) was mechano-chemically reclaimed at ambient temperature using two-roll mills. Road bitumen and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified bitumen at variable content (in range: 2.5–20 phr) were applied as reactive plasticizers to enhance reclaiming of GTR. For better understanding the plasticizing effect of bitumen on the quality of obtained reclaimed rubber, mechano-chemically reclaimed...
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Ground-State Entanglement Properties of Helium Atom in a Finite Spherical Cavity
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The effect of disturbance caused by rivers flooding on ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
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Modification of Ground Tire Rubber—Promising Approach for Development of Green Composites
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