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Search results for: POROELASTIC ROAD SURFACES
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Scientific research in the Department of Machine Design and Automotive Engineering
PublicationShort descriptions of various research subjects taken up at the Department of Machine Design and Automotive Engineering are included in the paper. The subjects cover a wide range of bearing systems and tribology research and the research on tires and road surfaces. A third field of activity is biomedical engineering – with the attempts to improve methods of modelling biological materials in FEM calculations. The Department has...
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The importance of the bottom layer in double-layer porous asphalt for noise reduction
PublicationDouble-layer porous asphalt concrete (DPAC) surfaces are generally considered to be the acoustically most effective low noise road surfaces ready for implementation. While DPAC used on highways in warm climates may have an average life of around 8 years, in Scandinavia with severe winter climate DPAC usually survive only about 3 years; partly due to wear of studded tyres. An ongoing project in Sweden, applying DPAC and single-layer...
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Decreasing CO2 Emissions By Reducing Tire Rolling Resistance
PublicationThe first motor vehicle was built by Nicolas Cugnot almost 250 years ago and since then there has been a continuous process of motor vehicles’ improvements, as well as development of new road pavements. The fuel crisis of the 70s of the 20th century made it clear to vehicle builders that measures should be taken to reduce vehicle fuel consumption and it contributed to an increased interest in electric vehicles. Although significant...
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The application of non-destructive methods in the diagnostics of the approach pavement at the bridges
PublicationThe article presents the possibility of using non-destructive methods of road pavement diagnostics as an alternative to traditional means to assess the reasons for premature cracks adjacent to bridge objects. Two scanning methods were used: laser scanning to measure geometric surface deformation and ground penetrating radar (GPR) inspection to assess the road pavement condition. With the use of a laser scanner, an effective tool...
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LOW NOISE TIRES FOR HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PublicationLow Emission Vehicles that are hybrid and electric cars may benefit from specially designed tires that are optimized for driving conditions typical for such vehicles. It is possible that in the future Low Emission Vehicles, especially passenger cars, will substitute conventional vehicles in all applications, however for the time being they are mostly used in urban and suburban areas. Urban traffic has a rather low demand for grip...
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Agnieszka Ubowska dr hab. inż.
PeopleAgnieszka Ubowska, PhD Dsc Eng was born in 1978 in Piła, where she graduated from the Secondary School of Environmental Protection. In the years 1998-2003 she studied at the Faculty of Technology and Chemical Engineering of the Szczecin University of Technology, majoring in environmental protection. She obtained her doctorate in technical sciences in 2008, defending her thesis entitled "Hybrid hydrophilic acrylamide (co)polymers"....
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Improving the CPX method by specifying reference tyres and including corrections for rubber hardnes and temperature
PublicationRecently completed work in the EU project ROSANNE and in working group ISO/TC43/SC1/WG33 has allowed substantial improvements to measurements made by the Close-Proximity (CPX) method, intended for measurement of noise properties of road surfaces.The paper summarizes the experimental work and describes the conclusions and implementation in ISO/FDIS 11819-2 (CPX method) and in the supporting ISO (draft) Technical Specifications 11819-3...
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The effects of urban vehicle traffic on heavy metal contamination in road sweeping waste and bottom sediments of retention tanks
PublicationDiffuse pollution formed during a surface runoff on paved surfaces is a source of heavy metals (HMs) of various origin. This research study indicates the connection between bottom sediments of retention tanks located on urban streams and road sweeping wastes (RSW) that migrate during surface runoff to the stormwater drainage systems with discharge to the retention tanks. Moreover, we test the primary sources of HMs in RSW by analysing...
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Marek Pszczoła dr hab. inż.
PeopleI am a Faculty member (Department of Highway and Transportation Engineering) at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland). My main research interests include: low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures, low temperature cracking assessment of pavement structures, road materials properties, thermal stress analysis, design of pavement structures, airfield design and analysis....
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Optimisation and field assessment of poroelastic wearing course bond quality
PublicationCompared to typical asphalt mixtures, poroelastic mixtures are characterised by high porosity and high flexibility, which are desirable for traffic noise reduction. However, the same properties increase the risk of debonding from the lower layer, which is a significant source of premature damage. The study investigates which of the factors – tack coat agent, type and texture of the lower layer – have the greatest impact on interlayer...
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Road Materials and Pavement Design
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Bitumen-Based Poroelastic Pavements: Successful Improvements and Remaining Issues
PublicationThis article presents the development process of designing and testing poroelastic pavement based on highly polymer-modified bitumen. Poroelastic wearing course was composed of mineral and rubber aggregate mixed with highly polymer-modified bitumen, in contrast to previous trials, during which polyurethane resins were mainly used as binder, which led to several serious technological problems concerning difficult production, insufficient...
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Noise Generated by Tyres Designet for Electric Vehicles - Results of Laboratory Experiments
PublicationA few years ago, electric and hybrid vehicles were rarely seen on public roads and were considered more as exotic curiosities or even as a sign of extravagance than a practical means of transport. Nowadays the situation has changes significantly. This was caused both by the technical development and legislative actions, as well as the organizational nature promoting the purchace and use of low emission vehicles. Electric vehicles...
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Noise and Rolling Resistance Properties of Various Types of Winter Tyres Compared to Normal Car Tyres
PublicationTo cope with winter weather conditions, potentially including snow and ice, it is common to use winter tyres, or ”all-seasons” tyres assumed to be safe both in summer and winter. In some northern countries, winter tyres are mandatory. Traditionally, it has been assumed that winter tyres are noisier than normal tyres (here called summer tyres) and winter tyres equipped with studs are assumed to be very noisy.This paper presents...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublicationConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublicationConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...
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Surfaces
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Effect of pavement roughness and vehicle dynamic loads on decrease of fatigue life of flexible pavements
PublicationDue to the fact that pavement surfaces are not ideally even, dynamic loads of vehicle axles deviate from static loads. Higher dynamic loads contribute to faster pavement distress. The distribution of dynamic loads is similar to normal distribution and can be described by static load and factors DI (dynamic impact) and DLC (dynamic load coefficient). With the deterioration of pavement condition its evenness decreases as well and...
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Urban and Road Engineering - Smolnicki
e-Learning CoursesLectures about "Urban and Road Engineering", dedicated to sixth semester of the English-speaking group, will be conducted in a way that activates students. Lectures on Road Engineering cover a wide range of important issues related to the subject, starting from a discussion of the historical circumstances of the creation, development and domination of the contemporary conventional model, through identifying new approaches and...
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Effect of the Road Environment on Road Safety in Poland
PublicationRun-off-road accidents tend to be very severe because when a vehicle leaves the road, it will often crash into a solid obstacle (tree, pole, supports, front wall of a culvert, barrier). A statistical analysis of the data shows that Poland's main roadside hazard is trees and the severity of vehicles striking a tree in a run-off-road crash. The risks are particularly high in north-west Poland with many of the roads lined up with...
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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Zastosowanie geosyntetyków przy wzmocnieniu podłoża pod nawierzchnie drogowe
PublicationZastosowanie geosyntetyków przy wzmocnieniu podłoża pod nawierzchnie drogoweThe use of geosynthetics in the reinforcement of subsoil for road surfaces
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Nondestructive methods complemented by FEM calculations in diagnostics of cracks in bridge approach pavement
PublicationNondestructive methods of road pavement diagnostics are an alternative to traditional approach to pavement failure investigation. The article presents a detailed multidisciplinary inspection carried out using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), laser scanning technology and finite element method (FEM) calculations. It was done in order to assess the factors that contributed to occurrence of premature cracks of a bridge approach pavement....
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MONITORING SYSTEM OF THE ROAD EMBANKMENT
PublicationThe paper presents the analysis of the monitoring system of the embankment supported on concrete columns and overlaid by a load transfer platform with the embedded steel grid. This field investigation was to study the complex interaction among the columns, the load transfer platform layer, and steel grid via in situ measurements during erection and live loading of the embankment. The study was focused on the behaviour of steel...
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Road safety inspection as a tool for road safety management – the polish experience
PublicationIn Poland, road inspections were implemented in June 2014 on all national roads. Previously conducted traffic surveys mainly related to the technical condition of roads, signs and markings; other safety issues were overlooked. The main problem that occurs during inspection is an inspector’s subjective qualitative assessment which affects the classification of the sources of hazard on the road.. The paper presents an analysis of...
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Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
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The effect of road restraint systems on the level of road safety - Polish experience
PublicationRoadside accidents happen when a vehicle runs off the road. The majority of these accidents are very severe because leaving the road is usually followed by hitting a solid obstacle (tree, pole, support, culvert front wall, barrier). Roadsides are some of the most important issues of road safety. They have been studied for years to identify roadside hazards and the effectiveness of road safety measures such as restraint systems....
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Rolling resistance and tyre/road noise on rubberised asphalt pavement in Poland
PublicationThe paper presents results of tyre/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone mastics asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberised asphalt, developed and produced by a refinery in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and addition of crumb rubber. The first observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger...
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UN DECADE OF ACTION FOR ROAD SAFETY IN THE NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY STRATEGY UNTIL 2020 – POLISH APPROACH
PublicationPoland continues to have the highest number of road deaths per one million population in the European Union, according to a 2012 European Commission report – in 2011 the rate in Poland was 109 fatalities compared to the EU average of 61 killed. Adopted by the government in 2005 Poland’s National Road Safety Programme GAMBIT 2005 was the response to the EU’s 3rd Road Safety Action Programme. Despite extensive road safety efforts,...
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Road Infrastructure Safety Management in Poland
PublicationThe objective of road safety infrastructure management is to ensure that when roads are planned, designed, built and used road risks can be identified, assessed and mitigated. Road transport safety is significantly less developed than that of rail, water and air transport. The average individual risk of being a fatality in relation to the distance covered is thirty times higher in road transport that in the other modes. This is...
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Modelling fatalities on regional road networks
PublicationDuring the last decade Poland’s road fatalities went down by 44%. The trend differs from region to region. Effective road safetymanagement in regions requires tools for forecasting road safety measures and identifying factors influencing road fatality numbers. Mathematical models can provide such tools. They take into account local characteristics such as: demography, economy, infrastructure and motorization. Such models could...
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Identifying the Effects of Selected Road and Roadside Parameters on Road Safety Using Geodetic Techniques
PublicationThe paper will present techniques that can be used to obtain data on road alignment and profile including the roadside. In-the-field and simulation studies have helped to develop mathematical models that integrate vehicle position data. The experiments were conducted in a virtual environment using the software ArcGIS that reflects the actual roadside conditions. The site tests were made using a purpose-built device which integrates...
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The searchlight problem for road networks
PublicationWe consider the problem of searching for a mobile intruder hiding in a road network given as the union of two or more lines, or two or more line segments, in the plane. Some of the intersections of the road network are occupied by stationary guards equipped with a number of searchlights, each of which can emit a single ray of light in any direction along the lines (or line segments) it is on. The goal is to detect the intruder,...
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Structural and electrochemical heterogeneities of boron-doped diamond surfaces
PublicationThis brief review is focussed on the recent progress in studies of the heterogeneous electrochemical behaviour of various boron-doped materials extending from zero-dimensional particles through polycrystalline or nanostructured three-dimensional surfaces. A boron-doped diamond reveals large heterogeneities induced by numerous factors, inter alia multi-faceted crystallinity, inhomogeneous boron concentration, sp2/sp3-carbon ratio,...
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Innovative Research Into Road Restraint Systems
PublicationKey to understanding the needs and building road infrastructure management tools to prevent and mitigate run-off-road accidents is to identify hazards and their sources which are a result of wrong design, construction, installation and maintenance of road restraint systems [1]. Building such tools requires advanced studies with field tests, simulations and models to demonstrate the effects of selected parameters on road user safety...
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
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Risks to Older People in Road Traffic
Publicationhe article looks at road traffic risks and main trends from the perspective of older road users (drivers, cyclists, pedestrians). With a longer time to react, poor eyesight and hearing, impaired mobility, ill health and medication, older road users are put at risk. A comprehensive and pro-active strategy is needed to deal with these risk factors and meet the safety and mobility needs...
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The effects of vehicle restraint systems on road safety
PublicationKey to understanding the needs and tools of road infrastructure management for preventing run-off-road crashes or minimising their consequences, is to identify the hazads and sources of hazards caused by wrong or improper use of road safety devices and identify errors in the desifn, structure, construction and operation of road safety devices. Studying such an extended scope of the problem required fieldwork and surveys with road...
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Road & Transport Research
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The Effects of Roadside Hazards on Road Accident Severity
PublicationThe risk of becoming involved in an accident emerges when elements of the transport system do not operate properly (man – vehicle – road – roadside). The road, its traffic layout andsafety equipment have a critical impact on road user safety. This gives infrastructural work a priority in road safety strategies and programmes. Run-off-road accidents continue to be one of the biggest problems of road safety with consequences including...
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Solid road environment and its hazards
PublicationAccidents that involve vehicles departing the road tend to have very high severity, as they often result in the vehicle hitting a permanent obstacle (which can be a ree, a pole, facility pillar, front wall of a culvert or a barrier). In recent years, this type of accident caused approx. 19% of all road deaths in Poland. A particularly high risk can be observed on roads located in northern and western...
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Wojciech Kustra dr inż.
PeopleI am a Faculty member (Assistant Professor, Highway and Transportation Engineering Department) at the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland). My main research interests include: road safety, accident analysis, traffic modeling, transportation planning, traffic engineering, transport management, gis analysis.
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Regional implementation of a road safety observatory in Poland
PublicationThe paper outlines the background and goals of the Road Safety Observatory in the Polish region of Warmia and Mazury. While created it was Poland’s first road safety Observatory, both at the regional and central level. Established in line with the methodology proposed in the European project SafetyNet, together with the planned National Road Safety Observatory it will form part of a Europe-wide network of observatories linked with...
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Tools for road infrastructure safety management in Poland
PublicationThe objective of road safety infrastructure management is to ensure that when roads are planned, designed, built and used road risks can be systematically identified, assessed, removed and mitigated. There are a number of approaches to road safety management. European Union Directive 2008/96/EC requires EU member states to use four basic tools of road safety infrastructure management. An overview of the methods in these countries...
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Minimal surfaces and conservation laws for bidimensional structures
PublicationWe discuss conservation laws for thin structures which could be modeled as a material minimal surface, i.e., a surface with zero mean curvatures. The models of an elastic membrane and micropolar (six-parameter) shell undergoing finite deformations are considered. We show that for a minimal surface, it is possible to formulate a conservation law similar to three-dimensional non-linear elasticity. It brings us a path-independent...
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Assessment of Road Restraint Systems in Polish Conditions
PublicationKey to understanding the needs and tools of road infrastructure management is identifying the hazards and their sources involved in having no or faulty road restraint systems. Clarity is also needed on why the systems are wrongly designed, constructed, built and operated. To ensure that the problem is adequately understood, research and site observations were conducted and...
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Technological Problems in Lapping on Flat Surfaces of Ceramic Parts
PublicationThis paper will present the results of research on single-disc lapping of flat surfaces of small ceramic elements. Machining with the use of different tools such as metallic, two-metallic and abrasive-metallic will be analyzed. The basics and techniques of reinforcement of laps will be discussed. The results of the influence of parameters on the surface quality of ceramic conponents (sealing) for three treatments on lapping machines...
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ROAD SAFETY FOR CYCLISTS BASED ON THE CALORIES NEEDED
PublicationCyclists are a vulnerable group of road users, especially when no separate infrastructure for cyclists is provided. Then, road factors such as distance and altitude differences can indirectly affect cyclists' safety. Therefore, the authors proposed a procedure based on the geometric characteristics of the road that can determine riding difficulties for cyclists. The proposed procedure can be used both by the public authorities who...
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Hierarchical random models in road transport safety
PublicationIn this paper multilevel approach to the issue of road safety level on the road network of European regions, classified as NUTS 2 in statistical databases of the EU, has been presented. The risk calculated as the number of death casualties in road accidents per 100,000 inhabitants of a given region has Poisson distribution. Therefore, generalized Poisson model has been assumed in the modelling process. Multilevel stochastic analysis...
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Economical methods for measuring road surface roughness
PublicationTwo low-cost methods of estimating the road surface condition are presented in the paper, the first one based on the use of accelerometers and the other on the analysis of images acquired from cameras installed in a vehicle. In the first method, miniature positioning and accelerometer sensors are used for evaluation of the road surface roughness. The device designed for installation in vehicles is composed of a GPS receiver and...