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Search results for: intermittent%20aeration
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Scrutiny of power grids by penetrating PV energy in wind farms: a case study of the wind corridor of Jhampir, Pakistan
PublicationThis study examines the problems caused by intermittent renewable energy sources, especially wind farms, and suggests a different solar energy penetration strategy to improve their loading capacity. The study uses real-time data from a wind farm in Jhampir, Pakistan, to analyse and assess various aspects of grid stations connected to wind farms. Electrical Transient Analyzer Program is used to validate the results by linking...
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Scrutiny of power grids by penetrating PV energy in wind farms: a case study of the wind corridor of Jhampir, Pakistan
PublicationThis study examines the problems caused by intermittent renewable energy sources, especially wind farms, and suggests a different solar energy penetration strategy to improve their loading capacity. The study uses real-time data from a wind farm in Jhampir, Pakistan, to analyse and assess various aspects of grid stations connected to wind farms. Electrical Transient Analyzer Program is used to validate the results by linking these...
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TiN coating in ring-on-ring sliding with saline solution (0.9%) lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #B48/#A45
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of TiN coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, TiN over TiN . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: SALINE SOLUTION (0.9%). Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 12 min....
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TiC coating in ring-on-ring sliding with saline solution (0.9%) lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #B41/#A39
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of TiC coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, TiC over TiC . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: SALINE SOLUTION (0.9%). Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 9 min....
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CrN coating in ring-on-ring sliding with distlled water lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #A23/#B22
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of CrN coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, CrN over CrN . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: DISTILLED WATER. Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 12 min. The...
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TiC coating in ring-on-ring sliding with distlled water lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #B39/#A41
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of TiC coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, TiC over TiC . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: DISTILLED WATER. Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 3 min. The test...
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SiC coating in ring-on-ring sliding with distlled water lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #B34/#A33
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of SiC coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, SiC over SiC. Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: DISTILLED WATER. Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 3 min. The test...
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TiN coating in ring-on-ring sliding with saline solution (0.9%) lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #A45/#B48
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of TiN coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, TiN over TiN . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: SALINE SOLUTION (0.9%). Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 12 min....
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TiC coating in ring-on-ring sliding with distlled water lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #A41/#B39
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of TiC coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, TiC over TiC . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: DISTILLED WATER. Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 3 min. The...
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CrN coating in ring-on-ring sliding with saline solution (0.9%) lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #A25/#B21
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of CrN coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, CrN over CrN . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: SALINE SOLUTION (0.9%). Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 9 min....
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CrN coating in ring-on-ring sliding with distlled water lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #B22/#A23
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of CrN coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, CrN over CrN. Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: DISTILLED WATER. Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 6 min. The test...
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SiC coating in ring-on-ring sliding with distlled water lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #A33/#B34
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of SiC coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, SiC over SiC. Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: DISTILLED WATER. Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 3 min. The test...
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 009_v_2
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 009_v_3
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 009_h_3
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 019_v_5
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 009_h_5
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 009_h_4
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 039_h_4
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 019_v_4
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 019_h_5
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 039_v_4
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 009_v_4
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 039_v_3
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 019_v_3
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 019_h_3
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 039_h_5
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 019_h_4
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 039_v_2
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 039_h_3
Open Research DataData gathered in sliding ring-on-block (flat contact) tribological experiment. Materials: alloy steel (heat treated) vs. ABS plastic.
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CrN coating in ring-on-ring sliding with saline solution (0.9%) lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #B21/#A21
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of CrN coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, CrN over CrN . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: SALINE SOLUTION (0.9%). Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 25 min....
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TiN coating in ring-on-ring sliding with distlled water lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #A45/#A47
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of TiN coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, TiN over TiN. Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: DISTILLED WATER. Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 20 min. The test...
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TiN coating in ring-on-ring sliding with distlled water lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #A45/#B45
Open Research DataWear tests in sliding friction of TiN coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, TiN over TiN. Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: DISTILLED WATER. Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 90 min. The test...
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Comparison of the powers of energy losses in a variable capacity displacement pump determined without or with taking into account the power of hydraulic oil compression
PublicationPowers of energy losses in a variable capacity displacement pump are compared with or without taking into account the power of hydraulic oil compression. Evaluation of power of liquid compression in the pump was made possible by the use of method, proposed by the Author, of determining the degree of liquid aeration in the pump. In the method of determining the liquid aeration in the pump and of powers of volumetric losses of liquid...
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Employment of a Nonlinear Adaptive Control System for Improved Control of Dissolved Oxygen in Sequencing Batch Reactor
PublicationA proper control in a complex system, such as Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) with each year is becoming increasingly important. High quality control can minimize an environmental impact as well as reduce operational costs of the WWTP. One of the core issues is providing adequate dissolved oxygen (DO) concetration for microorganisms used in a treatment process. An aeration process of the wastewater realised by an system consisting...
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Hierarchical dissolved oxygen control for activated sludge processes
PublicationA hierarchical controller for tracking the dissolved oxygen reference trajectory in activated sludge processes is proposed and investigated. The removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater is considered. Typically, an aeration system itself is a complicated hybrid nonlinear dynamical system with faster dynamics compared to the internal dynamics of the dissolved oxygen in a biological reactor. It is a common approach to...
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Nonlinear fuzzy control of the dissolved oxygen in activated sludge processes
PublicationWastewater treatment plant is generally a complex, multivariable, time varying and nonlinear large scale industrial system. Moreover, interactions between the components are very strong. The dissolved oxygen tracking problem is one of the most complex and fundamental issues of biological processes. Air for the aerated tanks is supplied by aeration system (blowers, pipes, diffusers). It is a complex dynamic system. The new control...
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Treatment of landfill leachate in a constructed free water surface wetland system over a decade – Identification of disturbance in process behaviour and removal of eutrophying substances and organic material
PublicationAn 8 ha free water surface wetland system in Örebro, Sweden, which has sediment traps followed by 10 ponds for treatment of landfill leachate in the methanogenic stage, was studied from 2003 to 2012. The wetland was irregularly loaded and the leachate characteristics showed high temporal and spatial variability, so Multivariate Statistical Process Control was chosen as the diagnostic tool for detecting anomalies prior to assessing...
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Organic Vapor Sensing Mechanisms by Large-Area Graphene Back-Gated Field-Effect Transistors under UV Irradiation
PublicationThe gas sensing properties of graphene back-gated field-effect transistor (GFET) sensors toward acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and chloroform vapors were investigated with the focus on unfolding possible gas detection mechanisms. The FET configuration of the sensor device enabled gate voltage tuning for enhanced measurements of changes in DC electrical characteristics. Electrical measurements were combined with a fluctuation-enhanced...
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Porównanie mocy strat energetycznych w pompie wyporowej o zmiennej wydajności określonych bez uwzględnienia bądź z uwzględnieniem mocy ściskania oleju hydraulicznego
PublicationPorównano moce strat energetycznych w pompie wyporowej o zmiennej wydajności, określone bez uwzględnienia bądź z uwzględnieniem mocy ściskania oleju hydraulicznego. Ocena mocy ściskania cieczy w pompie stała się możliwa dzięki zastosowaniu, zaproponowanej przez autora, metody określenia stopnia zapowietrzenia cieczy w pompie. W metodzie określenia stopnia zapowietrzenia cieczy w pompie oraz w ocenie mocy strat objętościowych ściskania...
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Comparison of Two Nonlinear Predictive Control Algorithms for Dissolved Oxygen Tracking Problem at WWTP
PublicationThe wastewater treatment plant is classified as a complex system, due to its nonlinear dynamics, large uncertainty of disturbance inputs, multiple time scales in the internal process dynamics, and multivariable structure. The aeration process, in turn, is an important and expensive part of wastewater treatment plant operation. All operating parameters of the aeration in biological processes are to be precisely controlled to provide...
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Ammonia amendment promotes high rate lactate production and recovery from semi-continuous food waste fermentation
PublicationIn this study, a reliable approach using ammonia nitrogen was proposed to increase lactate production during semi-continuous food waste (FW) fermentation under mesophilic conditions. Both free ammonia nitrogen (FAN) and ammonium ion (NH4+-N) were present in mesophilic reactors, with a wide FAN/NH4+-N ratio variation due to the intermittent pH control. The investigation of responsible mechanisms revealed that the increased production...
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Optimisation of cooperation of hybrid renewable energy sources with hydrogen energy storage toward the lowest net present cost
PublicationThe paper presents the results of a technical and economic analysis of the power supply for a model industrial facility based on intermittent renewable energy sources in the form of wind turbines and photovoltaic modules, supplemented with hydrogen energy storage. The adopted power supply strategy assumed the maximisation of self-consumption of self-produced electricity. Six variants were considered, including two with an energy...
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Model based evaluation of plant improvement at a large wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)
PublicationIn this work, the effect of the improvement carried out at a large-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was evaluated, by means of modelling works, with the aim to determine the influence of the modernization over the process performance. After modernization, the energy consumption due to the aeration decreased about a 20% maintaining the effluent quality. In order to double-check the good effluent quality, modelling works were...
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Mathematical model defining volumetric losses of hydraulic oil compression in a variable capacity displacement pump
PublicationThe objective of the work is to develop the capability of evaluating the volumetric losses of hydraulic oil compression in the working chambers of high pressure variable capacity displacement pump. Volumetric losses of oil compression must be determined as functions of the same parameters, which the volumetric losses due to leakage, resulting from the quality of design solution of the pump, are evaluated as dependent on and also...
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A Model-Based Improved Control of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration in Sequencing Wastewater Batch Reactor
PublicationBiochemical processes at wastewater treatment plant are complex, nonlinear, time varying and multivariable. Moreover, relationships between processes are very strong. One of the most important issues is exerting proper control over dissolved oxygen levels during nitrification phase. This parameter has a very large impact on activity of microorganisms in activated sludge and on quality of pollution removal processes. Oxygen is supplied...
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Supervisory Control System for Adaptive Phase and Work Cycle Management of Sequencing Wastewater Treatment Plant
PublicationThe paper presents the design of the integrated control system applied to Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) in a biological Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Swarzewo, which operates under activated sludge technology. Based on the real data records, ASM2d biological processes model and aeration system model, hierarchical control system for dissolved oxygen tracking and cycle management is designed. Internal Model Controller (IMC)...
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Modeling sequencing batch reactor operational conditions depending on oxygen concentration
PublicationSequencing batch reactors (SBR) can be used as a fill-and draw activated sludge system for wastewater treatment with considerable operating flexibility and the possibility to conduct experiments under standard conditions and extreme case scenarios. Mathematical modeling and computer simulations provide an opportunity to implement existing wastewater processes in modeling software and evaluate different modifications at low costs...
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Simulation of the Dynamics of Renewable Energy Sources with Energy Storage Systems
PublicationThe intermittency of renewable energy sources (RES) constitutes a challenge for effective power system control. Fossil-fuel-based units offering ancillary power services to meet the short-term power imbalance are a financial and environmental burden for the society. Energy storage systems (ESS) can be the solution in view of the electricity market development and growing environmental concern. The major questions are, in what circumstances...
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Consideration of Pseudo Strain Energy in Determination of Fatigue Life and Microdamage Healing of Asphalt Mastics
PublicationRest periods between cyclic loads can lead to recovery of damage and extension of fatigue life. This phenomenon is referred to as healing. Healing is clearly observed in bituminous materials, such as asphalt mastics, which belong to the components of asphalt mixtures. Due to the nature of road pavement traffic loading, which is characterized by series of intermittent pulses with rest periods, consideration of healing is necessary...