Search results for: WLAN ANTENNA, WIMAX ANTENNA, EM-DRIVEN OPTIMIZATION
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Improved Bandwidth of Microstrip Wide-Slot Antenna Using Gielis Curves
PublicationThe development of a broadband printed wide-slot antenna based on Gielis curves is presented in this article. The printed wide-slot antenna can be conveniently reshaped to achieve ultra-wideband performance by using superformula. The distinct advantage of employing the superformula in design of wide-slot antenna lies in its ability to define nearly any geometric shape including non-standard, complex and non-intuitive for the wide-slot...
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Design and Optimization of Metamaterial-based Highly-isolated MIMO Antenna with High Gain and Beam Tilting Ability for 5G Millimeter Wave Applications
PublicationThis paper presents a wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with high gain and isolation, as well as beam tilting capability, for 5G millimeter wave (MMW) applications. A single bow-tie antenna fed by a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed to cover the 28 GHz band (26.5–29.5 GHz) with a maximum gain of 6.35 dB. To enhance the gain, H-shaped metamaterial (MM)-based components are incorporated into the...
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Two-Row ESPAR Antenna with Simple Elevation and Azimuth Beam Switching
PublicationIn this letter, we propose a two-row electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna designed for direction of arrival (DoA) estimation in Internet of Things (IoT) applications relying on simple microcontrollers. The antenna is capable of elevation and azimuth beam switching using a simple microcontroller-oriented steering circuit and provides 18 directional radiation patterns, which can be grouped in 3 distinctive...
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Miniaturization of ESPAR Antenna Using Low-Cost 3D Printing Process
PublicationIn this paper, the miniaturized electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. The size reduction was obtained by embedding its active and passive elements in polylactic acid (PLA) plastic material commonly used in low-cost 3D printing. The influence of 3D printing process imperfections on the ESPAR antenna design is investigated and a simple yet effective method to compensate them has been proposed....
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Influence of Dielectric Overlay Permittivity on Size and Performance of Miniaturized ESPAR Antenna
PublicationIn this paper, influence of dielectric overlay permittivity on miniaturized ESPAR antenna parameters is presented. ESPAR antenna is a low-cost and energy-efficient way to implement beam steering capability to a node and improve network performance. The antenna size reduction is obtained by embedding its active and passive elements in ABS based materials of relative permittivity equal to 4, 5.5 and 7.5 in order to achieve network...
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ESPAR Antenna-Based WSN Node With DoA Estimation Capability
PublicationIn this paper, we present a low-cost energy-efficient electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna-based wireless sensor network (WSN) node designed for IEEE 802.15.4 standard that is capable of performing direction of arrival (DoA) estimation in real-life outdoor environments. To this end, we propose the WSN node architecture, design and realization that utilizes NXP JN5168 radio frequency (RF) wireless transceiver...
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A Compact Circularly Polarized Antenna With Directional Pattern for Wearable Off-Body Communications
PublicationThis letter presents a geometrically simple and compact circularly polarized (CP) antenna with unidirectional radiation characteristics for off-body communications. The proposed antenna is based on a microstrip line monopole extension from a coplanar waveguide (CPW) and a protruded stub from one side of the coplanar ground plane along the length of the monopole. The orthogonal components of equal amplitudes required for circular...
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Influence of Dielectric Overlay Dimensions on Performance of Miniaturized ESPAR Antenna
PublicationIn this paper, the influence of dielectric overlay size on miniaturized ESPAR antenna performance has been investigated. The dielectric overlay’s main function is antenna’s size reduction but it can also be used to modify its radiation pattern. This creates the possibility of easy adopting antenna parameters to different applications by swapping used overlay. In particular, the lowering of antenna’s main beam elevation direction...
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Low-Profile ESPAR Antenna for RSS-Based DoA Estimation in IoT Applications
PublicationIn this paper, we have introduced a low-profile electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna that can successfully be used to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DoA) of incoming signals in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, in which the height of the complete antenna has to be low. The proposed antenna is over three times lower than high-profile ESPAR antenna designs currently available in the literature...
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Coplanar Waveguide Fed Ultra-Wideband Antenna Over the Planar and Cylindrical Surfaces
PublicationThe investigation of coplanar waveguide fed ultra-wideband antenna and the influence of the proximity of different materials on the reflection coefficients and radiation character-istics is presented. The antenna is composed of two circular coplanar strips which enclose slot aperture of similar shape and is designed on a thin and flexible substrate. From the modeling and experimental tests the antenna shows good performance in...
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FINITE GROUND CPW-FED UWB ANTENNA OVER THE METALLIC CYLINDRICAL SURFACES
PublicationThe investigation of finite ground coplanar fed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna and the influence of its curvature and the proximity of circular metallic screen on the reflection coefficients and radiation characteristics is presented. The antenna is composed of two circular coplanar strips which enclose slot aperture of similar shape and is designed on a thin and flexible substrate which allows its bending. The antenna configuration...
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Shape Memory Alloy-Based Fluidically Reconfigurable Metasurfaced Beam Steering Antenna
PublicationA low-cost actuator-based fluidically programmable metasurface (FPMS) antenna is proposed to solve the slow tuning speed problem of the manually fluidic based reconfigurable antennas. The FPMS-based antenna is probe-fed and comprises a 4 × 4 square ring metasurface as a superstrate. Moreover, two shape memory alloy (SMA)-based electrically-controlled actuators are employed in the design for controlling the position of the 3D-printed...
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UHF ESPAR antenna for simple Angle of Arrival estimation in UHF RFID applications
PublicationAn electronically switched beam antenna for localization of passive UHF RFID tags based on a simple Angle of Arrival (AoA) technique is proposed‥ Detailed antenna design and realization are presented together with corresponding simulations and measurement results. Experimental tests with passive UHF RFID tag show the validity of theoretical assumptions for application of the antenna in UHF RFID based localization systems.
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Calibration-Free Single-Anchor Indoor Localization Using an ESPAR Antenna
PublicationIn this paper, we present a novel, low-cost approach to indoor localization that is capable of performing localization processes in real indoor environments and does not require calibration or recalibration procedures. To this end, we propose a single-anchor architecture and design based on an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna and Nordic Semiconductor nRF52840 utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)...
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Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using an ESPAR Antenna with Simplified Beam Steering
PublicationIn this paper, it has been shown, how electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna, in which beam steering is done in a simple way, can be used for directionof- arrival (DoA) estimation of an unknown signal impinging the antenna. The concept is based on an ESPAR antenna having twelve parasitic elements, in which beam switching is realized by RF switches providing required loads to its parasitic elements. Numerical...
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Enhancing Performance of Switched Parasitic Antenna for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
PublicationThis paper presents an Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) antenna with enhanced performance of estimating the incoming signal direction. Designed antenna is dedicated for 2.4 GHz ISM applications with emphasis on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The limitations of the existing design approach are illustrated, as well as perspectives and challenges of the proposed solution in relation to the localization in...
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Design of compact self-quintuplexing antenna with high-isolation for penta-band applications
PublicationThis article presents a novel compact self-quintuplexing antenna architecture based on a substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) for pentaband applications. The proposed self-quintuplexing antenna is constructed by employing an SIRC, one Pi-shaped slot (PSS), one T-shaped slot (TSS), and five 50Ω microstrip feedlines. The PSS and TSS are engraved on the top of the SIRC to create five radiating patches, which are excited...
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Substrate Integrated Waveguide-Based Frequency-Tunable Self-Octaplexing Antenna
PublicationThis communication presents the first-ever substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based frequency-tunable self-octaplexing antenna (SOA) for wireless communication. The structure is arranged by implementing eight distinct patches with planar 50-ohm feedlines at the top of the SIW cavity, which realize eight distinct resonant frequencies. Independent tuning of each resonant frequency is achieved by incorporating appropriately allocated...
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Enhanced switched parasitic antenna with switched active monopoles for indoor positioning systems
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of enhanced reduced-size steerable antenna array with two rows of switched active and passive elements. Designed array is similar to ESPAR antenna but it has a set of switched monopoles instead of central one. It is intended for 2.4 GHz ISM applications with emphasis on indoor positioning systems (IPS). Proposed antenna provides improved radiation parameters and reduced dimensions in comparison to...
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Simple Superstrate Antenna for Connectivity Improvement in Precision Farming Applications
PublicationIn this paper, a concept of a simple circularly polarized antenna with partially reflecting surface (PRS) has been adopted for precision farming applications. The investigation contains an analysis of the dependence of the antenna performance on the elements number in the PRS structure in X- and Ka-band frequencies. Especially meaningful parameters from point-to-point connectivity perspective are...
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Influence of ESPAR Antenna Radiation Patterns Shape on PPCC-Based DoA Estimation Accuracy
PublicationIn the article, we show the influence of three different electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna radiation patterns on the overall direction of arrival (DoA) estimation accuracy when power-pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) algorithm, relying on received signal strength (RSS) values, is used for the estimation. The ESPAR antenna designs were obtained for three optimization...
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Uniform sampling in constrained domains for low-cost surrogate modeling of antenna input characteristics
PublicationIn this letter, a design of experiments technique that permits uniform sampling in constrained domains is proposed. The discussed method is applied to generate training data for construction of fast replacement models (surrogates) of antenna input characteristics. The modeling process is design-oriented with the surrogate domain spanned by a set of reference designs optimized with respect to the performance figures and/or operating...
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Miniaturization of ESPAR Antenna Using Low-Cost 3D Printing Process
PublicationIn this paper, the miniaturized electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. The size reduction was obtained by embedding its active and passive elements in polylactic acid (PLA) plastic material commonly used in low-cost 3D printing. The influence of 3D printing process imperfections on the ESPAR antenna design is investigated and a simple yet effective method to...
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Influence of User Mobility and Antenna Placement on System Loss in B2B Networks
PublicationIn this paper, the influence of user mobility and on-body antenna placement on system loss in body-to-body communications in indoor and outdoor environments and different mobility scenarios is studied, based on system loss measurements at 2.45 GHz. The novelty of this work lies on the proposal of a classification model to characterise the effect of user mobility and path visibility on system loss, allowing to identify the best...
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Implicit Space Mapping for Variable-Fidelity EM-Driven Design of Compact Circuits
PublicationSpace mapping (SM) belongs to the most successful surrogate-based optimization (SBO) methods in microwave engineering. Among available SM variations, implicit SM (ISM) is particularly attractive due to its simplicity and separation of extractable surrogate model parameters and design variables of the circuit/system at hand. Unlike other SM approaches, ISM exploits a set of preassigned parameters to align the surrogate with the...
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International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation (IRECAP)
Journals -
A system for Direction-Of-Arrival estimation in ISM 2.4 GHz frequency band based on ESPAR antenna and SDR technology
PublicationDetermination of the direction of the signal arrival (DOA) finds many applications in various areas of science and industry. Knowledge of DOA is used, among others to determine the position of a satellite with a low Earth orbit (LEO), localization of people and things as well as in research of wireless communication systems, for instance the determination of the number of...
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Design and Characterization of a Planar Structure Wideband Millimeter-Wave Antenna with Wide Beamwidth for Wearable off-body Communication Applications
PublicationThis letter presents the design of a planar single-layer wideband antenna featuring wide beamwidth has well as high and stable in-band gain. The proposed antenna is a planar monopole fed by a bottom-grounded coplanar waveguide to realize wide beamwidth in both the xz- and yz-planes. Simultaneous optimization of all adjustable antenna parameters, carried out at the full-wave electromagnetic simulation level. The constructive interference...
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Automatic Correction of Non-Anechoic Antenna Measurements using Low-Pass Filters
PublicationPrototype measurements belong to key steps in the development of antenna structures. They are normally performed in expensive facilities, such as anechoic chambers (ACs). Alternatively, antenna performance can be extracted (at a low cost) in non-anechoic conditions upon appropriate post-processing. Unfortunately, existing correction algorithms are difficult to set up and prone to failure, which limits their practical usefulness....
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Review of Recent Advancement on Nature/Bio-inspired Antenna Designs
PublicationThis article presents an extensive examination of antennas rooted in nature and biology, showcasing their remarkable performance across a wide spectrum of frequencies—from microwave to terahertz. The limitations of traditional antenna design have become increasingly evident in the face of burgeoning demands for novel communication technologies. Conventional analytical-equation-based approaches struggle to deliver the combined performance...
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Miniaturization-Oriented Design of Spline-Parameterized UWB Antenna for In-Door Positioning Applications
PublicationDesign of ultra-wideband antennas for in-door localization applications is a challenging task. It involves development of geometry that maintains appropriate balance between the size and performance. In this work, a topologically-flexible monopole has been generated using a stratified framework which embeds a gradient-based trust-region (TR) optimization algorithm in a meta-loop that gradually increases the structure dimensionality....
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A Series-Inclined-Slot-Fed Circularly Polarized Antenna for 5G 28-GHz Applications
PublicationThis letter presents the design of a single-point-fed, geometrically simple circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 28 GHz Ka-band applications. The proposed antenna is based on a straight microstrip line printed on one side and coupled with the nearly square patches through a 45-degree inclined V-shape slot aperture on the other side. In order to generate circular polarization, the fundamental radiating mode is degenerated at a...
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Simple 60 GHz Switched Beam Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications
PublicationA new 60 GHz band single-input switched beam antenna is proposed for the fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave network applications. The presented design is capable of electronically switching the main beam in two different directions via a proposed microstrip-line-to-slotline single-pole dual-throw (SPDT) switch based on commercially available p-i-n diodes. The antenna is fabricated in a low-cost printed circuit board process...
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High-Gain Compact Circularly Polarized X-Band Superstrate Antenna for CubeSat Applications
PublicationIn this letter, a concept of high-gain circularly polarized X-band antenna employing a partially reflecting surface (PRS) has been presented. In the initial antenna analysis, the influence of parasitic elements size in the PRS structure on antenna radiation pattern parameters has been investigated and the optimal arrangement of the elements has been identified. The proposed antenna provides wide bandwidth of return loss above 10...
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Improved jamming resistance using electronically steerable parasitic antenna radiator
PublicationThis paper presents an idea of using an Electronically Steerable Parasitic Antenna Radiator (ESPAR) for jamming suppression in IEEE 802.11b networks. Jamming (intentional interference) attacks are known to be effective and easy to perform, which may impose connectivity problems in applications concerning Internet of Things (IoT). In our paper, theoretical considerations are presented and the results of experiments performed in...
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Shielded HMSIW-based frequency-tunable self-quadruplexing antenna using different solid/liquid dielectrics
PublicationThis article proposes a frequency-tunable self-quadruplexing antenna based on a shielded half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (S-HMSIW). In order to reduce the size of the HMSIW cavity resonator and to obtain quad-band characteristics, a modied E-shaped slot is engraved on the top of the metal. The experimental validation is carried out after analyzing the data using a circuit model. Flexibility of each resonant frequency is...
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Design and Optimization of Metamaterial-Based Dual-Band 28/38 GHz 5G MIMO Antenna with Modified Ground for Isolation and Bandwidth Improvement
PublicationThis letter presents a high-isolation dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna based on the ground plane modification and optimized metamaterials (MMs) for 5G millimeter-wave applications. The antenna is a monopole providing a dual-band response at 5G 28/38 bands with a small physical size (4.8 × 2.9 × 0.762 mm3, excluding the feeding line). The MIMO consists of two symmetric radiating elements arranged adjacently...
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Unequally-Spaced Slot Strategy for Radiation Null Reduction in Single SIW-Embedded Antenna Element
PublicationThe incorporation of higher-order modes (HOMs) can substantially augment the antenna gain and bandwidth, but this improvement is typically accompanied by compromised radiation performance including radiation nulls and higher side lobe levels. In this study, an inventive strategy is introduced to reduce the radiation nulls and the side lobe levels of a single antenna element by positioning multiple slots of the radiating element...
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Low-cost 3D Printed Circularly Polarized Lens Antenna for 5.9 GHz V2X Applications
PublicationThis paper presents design and realization of a circularly polarized antenna consisting of a linearly polarized patch antenna and a 3D printed lens, at the same time performing the functions of wave collimator and a polarizer. The antenna is dedicated for 802.11p systems, as a part of road infrastructure, with operation bandwidth 5.85 - 5.925 GHz. Its realised gain and axial ratio at center frequency 5.9 GHz are 14.3 dBi and 2.17...
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A Simple-Topology Compact Broadband Circularly Polarized Antenna With Unidirectional Radiation Pattern
PublicationIn this letter, a geometrically simple, reflector-backed single-point-fed circularly polarized (CP) antenna with unidirectional radiation pattern is presented. The structure comprises a simple coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding circuit with an open slot etched on one side of the coplanar ground. The enhanced CP bandwidth is obtained by combining the loop mode, the slot mode, and the asymmetrical configuration of the coplanar ground...
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Low-Cost Design Optimization of Microwave Passives Using Multi-Fidelity EM Simulations and Selective Broyden Updates
PublicationGeometry parameters of contemporary microwave passives have to be carefully tuned in the final stages of their design process to ensure the best possible performance. For reliability reasons, the tuning has to be to be carried out at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. This is because traditional modeling methods are incapable of quantifying certain phenomena that may affect operation and performance of these...
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A Wideband Rotary-Joint-Free H-Plane Horn Antenna With 360° Steerable Radiation Pattern Using Gap Waveguide Technology
PublicationConsidering the limitations of electronically steerable antennas such as limited steering span, gain degradation for large steering angles, complexity, and cost, this article is focused on the design of a simple mechanically steerable H-plane horn antenna. It is shown that since there is no need for an electrical connection between the top and bottom sections of a gap waveguide (GWG), if a sectoral horn is properly designed and realized...
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Highly Miniaturized Self-Diplexed U-Shaped Slot Antenna Based on Shielded QMSIW
PublicationThis article presents an efficient yet simple design approach to highly miniaturized cavity-backed self-diplexing antenna (SDA) with high-isolation. The structure employs a shielded quarter-mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW). Two U-shaped slots are engraved on the top conducting plane, which realize two frequency bands and significant size reduction. The slots are excited by two independent 50Ω orthogonal feed-lines to...
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Accurate Post-processing of Spatially-Separated Antenna Measurements Realized in Non-Anechoic Environments
PublicationAntenna far-field performance is normally evaluated in expensive laboratories that maintain strict control over the propagation environment. Alternatively, the responses can be measured in non-anechoic conditions and then refined to extract the information on the structure field-related behavior. Here, a framework for correction of antenna measurements performed in non-anechoic test site has been proposed. The method involves automatic...
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Highly-Miniaturized Self-Quadruplexing Antenna Based on Substrate-Integrated Rectangular Cavity
PublicationThis paper introduces a novel self-quadruplexing antenna (SQA) architecture using a substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) for compact size, wide-frequency re-designability, and high isolation responses. The proposed SQA is developed by engraving two U-shaped slots (USSs) on the top conductor of the SIRC. The USSs are excited by employing four microstrip feedlines to achieve self-quadruplexing antenna characteristics. The...
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Filtering EBG Structures Implemented in Coplanar Waveguide Feedline of Planar Slot Antenna
PublicationA novel compact dual-band slot antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) incorporating electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures has been proposed. At first, a classic wideband slot antenna fed by a CPW, dedicated to work in 2 ÷ 18 GHz band, has been designed. Subsequently, by adding simple EBG filtering structures into a CPW feedline, a dual-band performance ranging from 2.5 to 5.3 GHz and from 13.5 to 16.3 GHz, with the voltage...
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Compact Substrate-Integrated Hexagonal Cavity-Backed Self-Hexaplexing Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Applications
PublicationA self-multiplexing SIW antenna based on hexagonal SIW cavity is proposed. The self-hexaplexing antenna consists of different sizes of resonating elements, which provide the hexaband operations. The antenna resonates at 5 GHz, 5.17 GHz, 5.32 GHz, 5.53 GHz, 5.62 GHz, and 5.72 GHz by employing different slot lengths between the resonating elements. The proposed antenna provides the individual tunable characteristics of the operating...
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Design, Realization and Measurements of Enhanced Performance 2.4 GHz ESPAR Antenna for Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks
PublicationThis paper presents the design, realization and measurements of an Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) antenna with enhanced performance of estimating the incoming signal direction. Designed antenna is dedicated for 2.4 GHz ISM applications with emphasis on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Proposed antenna provides different radiation patterns by proper configuration of the parasitic elements. Thus, several...
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Topological modifications for performance improvement and size reduction of wideband antenna structures
PublicationCompact antennas belong to the key components of modern communication systems. Their miniaturization is often achieved by introducing appropriate topological changes such as simple ground plane slots or tapered feeds. More sophisticated modifications are rarely considered in the literature because they normally lead to significant increase of the number of tunable parameters, which makes the antenna design process more challenging....
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Microfluidic SIW-Based Tunable Self-Diplexing Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Band Applications
PublicationThis work introduces a novel frequency tunable self-diplexing antenna (SDA) design based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. A modified A-shaped slot is employed on the cavity’s top plane, which is excited by two independent 50 Ω microstrip feed lines to operate at each resonant frequency. The frequency flexibility of the proposed antenna allows for fine-tuning at each resonance frequency. The frequency flexibility...