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Search results for: GAS TURBINE ENGINES
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Method of selecting the LS-SVM algorithm parameters in gas detection process
PublicationIn this paper we showed the method of resistive gas sensors data processing. The UV irradiation and temperature modulation was applied to improve gas sensors’ selectivity and sensitivity. Noise voltage across the sensor’s terminals (proportional to its resistance fluctuations) was recorded to estimate power spectral density. This function was an input data vector for LS-SVM (least squares – support vector machine) algorithm, which...
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Impacts of Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Various Amount of Dimethyl Ether Premixed Ratios on Combustion and Emissions on a Dual-Fuel Compression Ignition Engine
PublicationIn the presented research, the authors dealt with the specific properties of the combustion process of dimethyl ether (DME) in a combustion car (Volkswagen Golf IV) engine AJM 1.9 TDI PDE made by Volkswagen factory. Dimethyl ether is an alternative fuel produced most often from natural gas, which can be used in compression ignition engines as a single fuel or co-burned with diesel oil. This work describes the impacts of using exhaust...
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APPLICATION OF ULTRAFAST GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY TO RECOGNIZE ODOR NUISANCE
PublicationPotentialities of ultrafast gas chromatography applied to periodical monitoring of odor nuisance originating from a municipal landfill have been examined. The results of investigation on classification of the atmospheric air samples collected in a vicinity of the landfill during winter and summer season have been presented. The investigation was performed using ultrafast gas chromatography of Fast/Flash GC type HERACLES II by Alpha...
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Polypyrrole based gas sensor for ammonia detection
PublicationThe nature of polypyrrole response to toxic gases does not allow using the sensor in a conventional way. The main aim of this study is to acquire the information about the concentration using different approaches: a linear approximation, a non-linear approximation and a tangent method. In this paper a two-steps procedure for sensor response measurements has been utilized. Polypyrrole films were electrochemically synthesized on...
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Roadmap on dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase
PublicationThis roadmap article highlights recent advances, challenges and future prospects in studies of the dynamics of molecules and clusters in the gas phase. It comprises nineteen contributions by scientists with leading expertise in complementary experimental and theoretical techniques to probe the dynamics on timescales spanning twenty orders of magnitudes, from attoseconds to minutes and beyond, and for systems ranging in complexity...
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Thermal self-action effects of acoustic beam in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublicationThermal self-action of acoustic beam in a molecular gas with excited internal degrees of molecules’ freedom, is studied. This kind of thermal self-action differs from that in a Newtonian fluid. Heating or cooling of a medium takes place due to transfer of internal vibrational energy. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium gases, which may be acoustically active, are considered. A beam in an acoustically active gas is self-focusing unlike...
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Problems of gas detection by resistance fluctuations in gas sensors
PublicationPrzedstawiono problemy budowy dystrybutora gazów oraz próbek zapachowych do badań sensorów gazu. Podano układ elektroniczny wykorzystywany do rejestracji fluktuacji rezystancji obserwowany w czujnikach gazu. Załączono przykładowe wyniki obserwacji sygnałów losowych.
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Concentration levels of selected analytes in the gas phase of an e-cigarette aerosol
PublicationThe aerosols generated from e-cigarettes are composed of liquid and gas phases resulting from vapourized e-liquid. The apportioning of substances from e-liquid into the liquid and gas phases during e-cigarette use has not been extensively studied. Partitioning of e-liquid components between the gas and the liquid phase of the aerosol influences the substances inhaled and exhaled by the users, leading to second-hand exposure. It...
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Wavelet Transform Analysis of Temperature Modulated Gas Sensor Response
PublicationThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether it is possible to extract the information about the gas concentration despite the influence of humidity. Commercial semiconductor sensor response was examined under the application of a periodic temperature change. The data was collected using measurement protocol for different concentrations of ammonia at specified levels of relative humidity. In this work we focused on the evaluation...
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Własności kwantowe przemian energetycznych zachodzących w silnikach o zapłonie samoczynnym = Quantum properties of energy transformation in diesel engines
PublicationW pracy uzasadniono, że w badaniach własności energetycznych silników spalinowych o zapłonie samoczynnym należy uwzględnić istniejącą w ich eksploatacji przypadkowość i nieprzewidywalność zdarzeń. Nawiązano do osiągnięć mechaniki kwantowej wskazując na wynikający z nich postulat, że wielkości nazywane komplementarnymi, mają istotną własność, która polega na tym, że niemożliwy jest jednoczesny i zarazem dokładny pomiar ich wartości....
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POSSIBILITY OF ASSESSMENT OF OPERATION OF SLIDING BEARINGS IN PISTON-CRANK MECHANISMS OF DIESEL ENGINES WITH REGARD TO LOAD AND TIME OF CORRECT WORK OF THE BEARINGS BY APPLYING ACOUSTIC EMISSION AS A DIAGNOSTIC SIGNAL
PublicationAbstract: The paper presents a possibility of determining (assessing) operation of sliding bearings with multilayer bushings in crank-piston mechanisms of diesel engines. Properties of load and wear, particularly fatigue and abrasive, are characterized in general. Acoustic emission as a diagnostic signal was proved to be useful for detection of the wear of sliding and barrier layers. Results of measurements of acoustic emission...
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An electronic nose based on the semiconducting and electrochemical gas sensors
PublicationThe practical application of human nose for fragrance recognition is severely limited by the fact that our sense of smell is subjective and gets tired easily. Consequently, there is a significant need for an instrument that can be a substitution of the human sense of smell. Development of an electronic nose devices is an active area of research starting from pioneering research of Dodd and Persuad in the mid-1980s. Such systems...
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Novel stationary phases based on asphaltenes for gas chromatography
PublicationWe present the results of investigations on the possibility of the application of the asphaltene fraction isolated from the oxidized residue from vacuum distillation of crude oil as a stationary phase for gas chromatography. The results of the investigation revealed that the asphaltene stationary phases can find use for the separation of a wide range of volatile organic compounds. The experimental values of Rohrschneider/McReynolds...
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Fluctuation-enhanced scent sensing using a single gas sensor
PublicationScent or aroma sensing during aromatherapy can be carried out by applying only a single resistance gas sensor (TGS - Taguchi Gas Sensors). This paper considers the efficiency of detection of essential oils by DC resistance and its fluctuations observed in TGS sensors. A detailed study has been conducted for scents emitted by five popular essential oils using three sensor types (TGS 2600, TGS 2602, TGS 823). The research was focused...
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Reduction of CO2 Emissions from Offshore Combined Cycle Diesel Engine-Steam Turbine Power Plant Powered by Alternative Fuels
PublicationDiverse forms of environmental pollution arise with the introduction of materials or energy that exert adverse effects on human health, climate patterns, ecosystems, and beyond. Rigorous emission regulations for gases resulting from fuel combustion are being enforced by the European Union and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), directed at maritime sectors to mitigate emissions of SOx, NOx, and CO2. The IMO envisions...
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Control of mass concentration of reagents by sound in a gas with nonequilibrium chemical reactions
PublicationThe weakly nonlinear dynamics of a chemically reacting gas is studied. Nonlinear interaction of acoustic and nonacoustic types of motion are considered. We decompose the base equations using the relationships of the gas-dynamic perturbations specific for every type of motion. The governing equation for the mass fraction of a reagent influenced by dominating sound is derived and discussed. The conclusions concern the equilibrium...
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Comparison of an Electronic Nose Based on Ultrafast Gas Chromatography, Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography, and Sensory Evaluation for an Analysis of Type of Whisky
PublicationWhisky is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages. There are many types of whisky, for example, Scotch, Irish, and American whisky (called bourbon). The whisky market is highly diversified, and, because of this, it is important to have a method which would enable rapid quality evaluation and authentication of the type of whisky. The aim of this work was to compare 3 methods: an electronic nose based on the technology of ultrafast...
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DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS OF QUICKLY CHANGING TEMPERATURE OF EXHAUST GAS FROM MARINE DIESEL ENGINE PART I SINGLE FACTOR ANALYSIS
PublicationIn this paper, attention was paid to the problem of low controllability of marine medium- and high-speed engines during operation, which significantly limits the parametric diagnosis. The measurement of quickly changing temperature of engine exhaust gas was proposed, the courses of which can be a source of diagnostic information. The F statistic of the Fisher-Snedecor distribution was chosen as a statistical tool. Laboratory tests...
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The effects of gas exposure on the graphene/AlGaN/GaN heterostructure under UV irradiation
PublicationThis work demonstrates a graphene/AlGaN/GaN sensing device with two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) toward nitrogen dioxide (NO2), tetrahydrofuran, and acetone detection under UV light irradiation. We propose combining measurements of the DC characteristics with a fluctuation-enhanced sensing method to provide insight into the gas detection mechanisms in the synergistic structure of highly stable GaN and gas-sensitive graphene....
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Experimental investigation of domestic gas boiler fitted with ORC module
PublicationIn the paper the prototype of innovative domestic cogenerative ORC system, consisting of a conventional gas boiler and a small size axial vapour microturbines (in-house designed for ORC and the commercially available for Rankine cycle (RC)), evaporator and condenser were scrutinised. In the course of study the fluid working temperatures, rates of heat, electricity generation and efficiency of the whole system were obtained. The...
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Development of Gas Sensor Array for Methane Reforming Process Monitoring
PublicationThe article presents a new method of monitoring and assessing the course of the dry methane reforming process with the use of a gas sensor array. Nine commercially available TGS chemical gas sensors were used to construct the array (seven metal oxide sensors and two electrochemical ones). Principal Component Regression (PCR) was used as a calibration method. The developed PCR models were used to determine the quantitative parameters...
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Preparation and characterization of asphaltene based adsorbents for gas-solid adsorption systems
PublicationThe dissertation presents results of the experimental research on asphaltene-based adsorbents (support coated with asphaltene layer) for gas-solid adsorption systems, with special reference to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal from gas streams. Analysis of gas adsorption properties revealed that asphaltenes isolated from oxidized bitumen have strong affinity toward VOCs. Interactions with target gas molecules, and selectivity...
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Low and high energy explosive materials used in shale gas recovery
PublicationNowadays the explosives are widely used in many areas of life, including industry and mining. A wide range of explosive materials is used in the petroleum industry - from low to high explosives. Recently, as the unconventional oil and gas production became possible, explosives are also found to be used in perforators during the pre-completion stage of the fracturing process. This paper presents literature on theoretical and practical...
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A turbine based domestic micro ORC system
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Variable Size Twin-Rotor Wind Turbine
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Numerical and Experimental Study of Tidal Turbine Performance
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Numerical and Experimental Study of Tidal Turbine Performance
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A Method for Optimising the Blade Profile in Kaplan Turbine
PublicationThis paper introduces a method of blade profile optimisation for Kaplan-type turbines, based on modelling the interaction between rotor and stator blades. Rotor and stator blade geometry is described mathematically by means of a midline curve and thickness distribution. Genetic algorithms are then used to find a global optimum that minimises the loss coefficient. This allows for variety of possible blade shapes and configurations....
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Reduction of pressure forces in turbine labyrinth seals
PublicationPrzedstawiono nową metodę zmniejszani sił samowzbudnych typu aerodynamicznego. zastosowano ją do różnych typów nadbandażowych uszczelnień labiryntowych. Efektywność rdukcji sił samowzbudnych wynosiła nawet ponad 60%. Potwierdzone rezultay obliczeniami i eksperymentalnie.
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Simulation of water turbine integrated with electrical generator
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Special Issue on “Advanced Liquid Waste and Gas Waste Treatment Processes”
PublicationThe editorial contains a short review of the content of the Special Issue on waste gas and liquid streams treatment strategies.
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Non-Wave Variations in Temperature Caused by Sound in a Chemically Reacting Gas
PublicationA weakly nonlinear generation of non-acoustic modes in the field of sound in a gas is considered. An exotericchemical reaction of A->B type, which takes place in a gas, may be reversible or not. Two types of sound areconsidered, low-frequency and high-frequency as compared with the characteristic time of a chemical reaction.For both these cases, the governing equations of non-acoustic modes are derived and conclusions of the efficiencyof...
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CuO-decorated MOF derived ZnO polyhedral nanostructures for exceptional H2S gas detection
PublicationConsidering that H2S is a hazardous gas that poses a significant risk to people's lives, research into H2S gas sensors has garnered a lot of interest. This work reports a CuO/ZnO multifaceted nanostructures(NS) created by heat treating Cu2+/ZIF-8 impregnation precursors, and their microstructure and gas sensing characteristics were examined using various characterization techniques (XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, and BET). The as-prepared...
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Different design aspects of an Organic Rankine Cycle turbine for electricity production using a geothermal binary power plant
PublicationIn recent years, pressure has been growing to increase the share of renewable energy sources in electricity generation, which may offer opportunities for the development of geothermal energy in regions that have been so far considered unprofitable in this respect. One such country currently undergoing an energy transition is Poland in which low-temperature geothermal resources are currently used for district heating and recreation...
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Non-Linear Interaction of Harmonic Waves in a Quasi-Isentropic Flow of Magnetic Gas
PublicationThe diversity of wave modes in the magnetic gas gives rise to a wide variety of nonlinear phenomenaassociated with these modes. We focus on the planar fast and slow magnetosound waves in the geometryof a flow where the wave vector forms an arbitrary angleθwith the equilibrium straight magnetic field.Nonlinear distortions of a modulated signal in the magnetic gas are considered and compared to thatin unmagnetised gas. The case of...
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Occurrence and Determination of Volatile Fatty Acids in Landfill Leachate and Gas
PublicationIn landfills containing biological matter volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are generated at high rate at the early stage of waste disposal and their content in leachate is high as compared to the leachate from old parts of landfill since they are converted to methane gas. Monitoring of the leachate for the content of VFAs can help determine the processes occurring in waste and possible effect of the leachate on the environment in the...
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Occurrence and Determination of Volatile Fatty Acids in Landfill Leachate and Gas
PublicationIn landfills containing biological matter volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are generated at high rate at the early stage of waste disposal and their content in leachate is high as compared to the leachate from old parts of landfill since they are converted to methane gas. Monitoring of the leachate for the content of VFAs can help determine the processes occurring in waste and possible effect of the leachate on the environment in the...
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A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Moderate Temperature Alfa Type Stirling Engines
PublicationThe Stirling engine is a device that allows conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy with relatively high efficiency. Existing commercial designs are mainly based on the usage of high temperature heat sources, whose availability from renewable or waste heat sources is significantly lower than that of moderate temperature sources. The paper presents the results of experimental research on a prototype alpha type Stirling...
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Stochastic model of the process of starting combustion engines and practical application of the process
PublicationW atrykule zaproponowano model procesu rozruchu silników o zapłonie samoczynnym w formie procesu semimarkowskiego dyskretnego w stanach i ciągłego w czasie. Zaproponowano również koncepcję zastosowania opracowanego modelu do określenia ilości substancji szkodliwych, jakie są emitowane wraz z spalinami do otoczenia podczas rozruchu każdego silnika. W rozważaniach tych przyjęto, że statystyka zmiennej losowej, rozumianej jako masa...
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Stochastic model of the load spectrum for main engines of sea-going ships
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania procesów semimarkowskich do probabilistycznego opisu widma obciążeń silników o zapłonie samoczynnym, zastosowanych do napędu statków - czyli silników głównych. W rozważaniach uwzględnione zostały charakterystyki zewnętrzne mocy tego rodzaju silników. Umożliwiły one sformułowanie czteroelementowego zbioru stanów procesu obciążeń tego rodzaju silników. Do opisu rzeczywistego procesu...
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Use of waste heat to improve the conditions of the piston engines start up
PublicationZespoły prądotwórcze z tłokowymi silnikami spalinowymi są obecnie powszechne stosowane jako awaryjne źródła energii elektrycznej albo elektrownie uzupełniające niedobory energii czy stabilizujące częstotliwość. Ich czas rozruchu powinien być krótki - poniżej 5 minut w przypadku dużych mocy. Zużycie silnika, zużycie paliwa i emisji spalin są silnie uzależnione od stanu cieplnego przed rozruchem. Przedstawiono pomiary laboratoryjne...
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Technical diagnostics as a tool in decision control of combustion engines operation process
PublicationW referacie scharakteryzowano stochastyczną sytuację decyzyjną wynikającą z funkcjonowania silników spalinowych w dowolnym systemie eksploatacyjnym i na tym tle przedstawiono propozycje zastosowania diagnostyki technicznej do sterowania procesem eksploatacji tych silników. Podano także interpretacje modelu diagnostycznego w ujęciu semantycznym z uwzględnieniem metod diagnostycznych: klasycznej i uproszczonej, w których dany model...
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Significance of technical diagnostics in decision control of combustion engines operation process.
PublicationW artykule scharakteryzowano stochastyczną sytuację eksploatacyjną wynikającą z funkcjonowania silników spalinowych w dowolnym systemie eksploatacyjnym i na tym tle przedstawiono propozycję zastosowania diagnostyki technicznej do sterowania procesem eksploatacji tych silników. Podano także interpretację modelu diagnostycznego w ujeciu semantycznym z uwzględnieniem metod diagnostycznych: klasycznej i uproszczonej, w ktorych dany...
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Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled With Mass Spectrometry in Food Analysis
PublicationThe development of instrumental analytical techniques provided the opportunity for in-depth characterization of many food matrices. In particular, the use of gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry gives impressive results in terms of quality and authenticity testing, conducting food freshness evaluations and contamination assessments. A new variant of gas chromatography, namely two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC...
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Radioisotope measurements of the liquid-gas flow in the horizontal pipeline using phase method
PublicationThe paper presents application of the gamma-absorption method to a two-phase liquid-gas flow investigation in a horizontal pipeline. The water-air mixture was examined by a set of two Am-241 radioactive sources and two NaI(Tl) scintillation probes. For analysis of the electrical signals obtained from detectors the cross-spectral density function (CSDF) was applied. Results of the gas phase average velocity measurements for CSDF...
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Degradation of protective coatings in steel chimneys of flue gas desulfurisation system
PublicationThis paper presents problems associated with corrosion of steel stacks and changes in philosophy of corrosion protection when implemented into flue gas desulphurization systems. In-situ tests were taken by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at the stack which discharges flue gas before wet lime/limestone desulphurization. A very quick electrolyte absorption by the spherical infill vinylester coating was found using...
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Dissociative ionization dynamics of dielectric gas C3F7CN
PublicationFluoronitrile C3F7CN is a promising candidate for the replacement of SF6 dielectric gas in high-voltage insulation. We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on its ionization dynamics probed in the 0-100 eV energy range. We exploited the total ion collection technique to determine the absolute ionization cross section, mass spectrometry to determine the fragment branching ratios and ab initio nonadiabatic molecular...
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CLAY MINERALS – MINERALOGY AND PHENOMENON OF CLAY SWELLING IN OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
PublicationAmong the minerals found in the earth's crust, clay minerals are of the widest interest. Due to the specific properties such as plasticity, absorbing and catalytic properties clay minerals are used in many industries (oil & gas, chemistry, pharmacy, refractory technology, ceramics etc.). In drilling, a phenomenon of swelling clays is frequently observed. It has an important impact on the cementing quality. During the last few decades...
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Nitrogen dioxide gas-sensing detection with GO modified CuO thin films
PublicationGas sensors have been continuously developed over the last few decades for several applications including air quality monitoring, automotive industry and recently for medical use. Gas sensors are usually based on metal oxides (MOXs), such as SnO2, TiO2, ZnO, WO3, CuO. Recently, new materials such as graphene oxide and heterostructures of graphene oxide and metal oxides are utilized for gassensing applications.
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Electrical responses of nanoporous NiO films for light-activated nitrogen dioxide and acetone gas sensing
Open Research DataThe chemoresistive sensor response of nanoporous NiO films prepared by advanced gas deposition was investigated with and without simultaneous light irradiation, to detect nitrogen dioxide and acetone gases. The presented data show electrical responses presented as sensor resistance or relative changes in sensor resistance under selected environment...