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Search results for: WATER FLOW THROUGH THE POOLS
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Electrohydrodynamic Secondary Flow and Particle Collection Efficiency in Spike-Plate Multi-Electrode Electrostatic Precipitator
PublicationIn this work the results of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) secondary flowmeasurements in a spike-plate type electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are presented. In the investigated ESP two-sided and one-sided spike electrodes were used as a discharge electrodes. The results of 2D PIVmeasurements showed that flow pattern obtained for a different spike tips positions in respect to the primary flow direction significantly changing the flow...
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Chemometrics in monitoring spatial and temporal variations in drinking water quality
PublicationOpracowanie przedstawia wyniki zastosowania wybranych technik chemometrycznych w monitoringu okresowych i powierzchniowych zmian jakości wody pitnej na podstawie wyników oznaczeń chloro i bromopochodnych produktów dezynfekcji wody w 12 dzielnicach w Gdańsku w okresie 1993-2000. Na podstawie wyników analizy podobieństwa lokalizacje podzielono na dwie grupy dzielnic różniących się jakością wody pitnej spowodowanej różnicami wynikającymi...
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The Effect of Water and Frost on Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete
PublicationThis paper presents testing of fatigue life of asphalt concrete that has been subjected to action of water and frost. Simulation of water and frost action was based on the original AASHTO T283 method and its modification. The original method was modified in such a way that instead of a single freeze-thaw cycle, 50 and 150 cycles were applied. Fatigue life was measured in the indirect tensile fatigue test in the Nottingham asphalt...
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Nanoparticles and nanofiltration for wastewater treatment: From polluted to fresh water
PublicationWater pollution poses significant threats to both ecosystems and human health. Mitigating this issue requires effective treatment of domestic wastewater to convert waste into bio-fertilizers and gas. Neglecting liquid waste treatment carries severe consequences for health and the environment. This review focuses on intelligent technologies for water and wastewater treatment, targeting waterborne diseases. It covers pollution prevention...
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THE STUDY OF WATER POLLUTION OF THE LOWER VISTULA RIVER BY PLASTIC PARTICLES
PublicationSince the beginning of widespread use of plastic its consumption and production has been constantly increasing. As a result of human activity part of waste ends up in our environment and is deposited in each of the elements of the biosphere. These impurities can be in the form of large elements, small particles fragmented to macroscopic level (pellets, facial scrub grains) and the microparticles visible under a microscope. Particularly...
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Water and chemical properties of hydrometeors over central european mountains
PublicationAtmospheric pollutants are transferred to the groundby the contribution of various types of hydrometeors. Because ofthe different techniques of measurement, comparative analysesbetween them are often neglected. Hence, the main goal is tocompare water volume and chemistry of different types ofhydrometeors and their role in both: water balance and pollutantsdeposition. The results of water input and atmospheric depositschemistry...
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On the problem of optimised allocation of water quality sensors and actuators in DWDS
PublicationThe problems of water quality sensors and actuators placement in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) are addressed as separate, primarily. However, against the background of control systems theory, the nature of DWDSs dynamics indicates that these both problems are interdependent and impact the design of related water quality monitoring and control structures and algorithms. The research work presented in this paper is...
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Kinetics of pollutants removal in vertical and horizontal flow constructed wetlands in temperate climate
PublicationThis paper reports a comparative study on kinetics of organic matter expressed as BOD5 and nitrogen removal in constructed wetlands operated in Poland. Analyzed data were collected at eight wetland systems, composed of subsurface flow beds: horizontal flow (HF) and vertical flow (VF), in different number and sequences. The analysis involved particularly mass removal rates (MRR) and first-order removal rate coefficients of BOD5...
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Links between Teleconnection Patterns and Water Level Regime of Selected Polish Lakes
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Mechanism of Biofilm Formation on Installation Materials and Its Impact on the Quality of Tap Water
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Mitigation of the Flow Maldistribution in Minichannel and Minigap Heat Exchangers by Introducing Threshold in the Manifolds
PublicationIn the present paper, a detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the flow maldistribution in 50 parallel rectangular cross-section (1 mm depth and 1 mm width) minichannels and minigap section (1 mm depth and 99 mm width) with rectangular/trapezoidal manifolds in Z-type flow configuration. The author carried out numerical investigation with various mass flowrates, namely 0.05 kg/s, 0.1 kg/s and 0.2 kg/s which...
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Experiencing historic waterways and water landscapes of the Vistula River Delta
PublicationThe paper gives insights into the characteristics of Vistula River Delta water landscapes, referring to the process of creating land out of water by Polish, Dutch and German settlers. Based on this, the paper presents an integrated strategy formed upon studies in cultural geography and aesthetics, and focused on enhancing the unique characteristics of the region and its rediscovery by tourism. The long process of constructing Vistula...
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Modelling study of flow boiling heat transfer of perspective fluids for refrigeration technology
PublicationThere is a gap of knowledge on flow boiling at high saturation temperatures and higher values of reduced pressure. Thus far, the in-house developed semi-empirical model for flow boiling and flow condensation showed a satisfactory accuracy for calculations for various refrigeration fluids for a wide scope of reduced pressures. This study presents results of calculations of heat transfer coefficient of perspective refrigeration fluids,...
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Bacteria in water and bottom sediments in Puck Bay area (Baltic Sea)
Open Research DataThe samples for testing were collected from 5th of November 2007 to 14th of December 2007. In total, there were 147 samples collected from 30 sites, including 57 water samples and 90 sediment samples. Water was sampled from the surface and directly above the layer of bottom sediment. Sediments, regardless of length of the sample core were sampled from...
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Application of the Boundary Element Method for the Simulation of Two-dimensional Viscous Incompressible Flow
PublicationThe paper presents the application of an indirect variant of the boundary element method (BEM) to solve the two-dimensional steady flow of a Stokes liquid. In the BEM, a system of differential equations is transformed into integral equations. Thi smakes it possible to limit discretization to the border of the solution. Numerical discretization of the computational domain was performed with linear boundary elements, for which a...
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Application of membrane distillation process for tap water purification
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Dissociation pathways of protonated water clusters
PublicationRelative abundances of positively ionized water clusters formed in a low-pressure electrical discharge as function of reduced electric field were obtained by using drift cell and quadrupole mass spectrometer. It was noticed that some clusters say with n=4 were more abundant than others, at comparable drift conditions. Dissociation energies have been derived from equilibrium conditions for relative clusters abundances. The Hartree-Fock...
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Examples of numerical simulations of two-dimensional unsaturated flow with VS2DI code using different interblock conductivity averaging schemes
PublicationFlow in unsaturated porous media is commonly described by the Richards equation. This equation is strongly nonlinear due to interrelationships between water pressure head (negative in unsaturated conditions), water content and hydraulic conductivity. The accuracy of numerical solution of the Richards equation often depends on the method used to estimate average hydraulic conductivity between neighboring nodes or cells of the numerical...
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Guanosine Dianions Hydrated by One to Four Water Molecules
PublicationIntermolecular interactions such as those present in molecule···water complexes may profoundly influence the physicochemical properties of molecules. Here, we carried out an experimental–computational study on doubly deprotonated guanosine monophosphate···water clusters, [dGMP – 2H]2–·nH2O (n = 1–4), using a combination of negative anion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) with molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum chemical (QM) calculations....
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Spetiation of organic matter in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands
PublicationThe object of the research were VFCWs which are a component of biological treatment of two hybrid hydrophyte systems located in Wieszyno and Wiklino, close to Słupsk, Poland. The facilities that are subject to analyses are unified in terms of structure (filtration material, depth of the bed and time of operation), but they differ in organic matter load, amounting respectively to: 8.0 gCOD/m2day and 31.0 gCOD/m2day.The intensity...
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Acoustic heating produced in the thermoviscous flow of a Bingham plastic
PublicationThis study is devoted to the instantaneous acoustic heating of a Bingham plastic. The model of the Bingham plastic's viscous stress tensor includes the yield stress along with the shear viscosity, which differentiates a Bingham plastic from a viscous Newtonian fluid. A special linear combination of the conservation equations in differential form makes it possible to reduce all acoustic terms in the linear part of of the final equation...
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Acoustic heating produced in the thermoviscous flow of a bingham plastic
PublicationThis study is devoted to the instantaneous acoustic heating of a Bingham plastic. The model of the Bingham plastic's viscous stress tensor includes the yield stress along with the shear viscosity, which differentiates a Bingham plastic from a viscous Newtonian fluid. A special linear combination of the conservation equations in differential form makes it possible to reduce all acoustic terms in the linear part of of the final equation...
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Water Alternatives-An Interdisciplinary Journal on Water Politics and Development
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FAILURE OF MAGNETIC FLUID SEALS OPERATING IN WATER: PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS
PublicationThe article analyses properties of magnetic fluid seals installed in rotary sealing no des which operate in the utility water environment. Seals of this type have been examined as a possible solution to the problem with ship manoeuvring propulsion sealing. The present analysis bases on laboratory durability tests of magnetic fluid seals expo sed to long - term utility water loads, at different water pressures and shaft revolutions....
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Analytical ‘Steady-State’-Based Derivation and Clarification of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy Condition for Pipe Flow
PublicationThis article addresses the problem of choosing the optimal discretization grid for emulating fluid flow through a pipeline. The aggregated basic flow model is linearized near the operating point obtained from the steady state analytic solution of the differential equations under consideration. Based on this model, the relationship between the Courant number (μ) and the stability margin is examined. The numerically set coefficient...
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Durability of Asphalt Concrete Subjected to Deteriorating Effects of Water and Frost
PublicationThe paper presents testing of the detrimental effects of water and frost on asphalt pavements. It included laboratory testing of 5 fatigue life of asphalt concrete that was subjected to action of water and frost and field testing of damages caused by water and frost on 6 existing asphalt pavements, such as stripping, raveling, and potholes. Laboratory simulation of water and frost action was based on the 7 original AASHTO T283...
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Pressure drop related to flow maldistribution in a model minichannel plate heat exchanger
PublicationThe paper describes the issues related to the pressure drop that accompanies the phenomenon of maldistribution of working fluid between the channels of a model minichannel plate heat exchanger. The research concerns a single exchanger's plate containing 51 (in every geometry) parallel rectangular minichannels of hydraulic diameters 461 µm, 571 µm, 750 µm and 823 µm. In addition, the more complex geometry has been investigated,...
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Electrohydrodynamic Secondary Flow and Particle Collection Efficiency in a One-sided Spike-plate Type Electrostatic Precipitator
PublicationIn this work, results of electrohydrodynamic secondary flow and particle collection efficiency measurements in an electrostatic precipitator under positive and negative voltage polarity are presented. The electrostatic precipitator had two plate collecting electrodes and a single spike discharge electrode. The spike tips were only on one side of the discharge electrode, therefore called a one-sided spike electrode. The electrohydrodynamic...
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Sampling Procedures in Studies of Cloud Water Composition: A Review
PublicationThe authors set out and classify the principles of operation of known types of cloud water collectors, and critically review their advantages and drawbacks. Analysis of the literature has yielded information on the parameters of various type of collectors—sampling time, the type of cloud from which the water sample was taken, droplet diameter collected with 50% efficiency (cut off), sample analytes/ parameters determined, types...
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Acoustic Heating Produced in the Thermoviscous Flow of a Shear-Thinning Fluid
PublicationThis study is devoted to the instantaneous acoustic heating of a shear-thinningfluid. Apparent viscosity of a shear-thinning fluid depends on the shear rate. Thatfeature distinguishes it from a viscous Newtonian fluid. The special linear combi-nation of conservation equations in the differential form makes it possible to derivedynamic equations governing both the sound and non-wave entropy mode inducedin the field of sound. These...
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abiotic degradation of chlorinated ethanes and ethenes in water
PublicationIntroduction Chlorinated ethanes and ethenes are among themost frequently detected organic pollutants of water. Theirphysicochemical properties are such that they can contaminateaquifers for decades. In favourable conditions, they canundergo degradation. In anaerobic conditions, chlorinatedsolvents can undergo reductive dechlorination.Degradation pathways Abiotic dechlorination is usuallyslower than microbial but abiotic dechlorination...
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Experimental Validation of Numerical Model within a Flow Configuration of the Model Kaplan Turbine
PublicationThis paper investigates validation of flow within a model Kaplan turbine. This includes comparison of various turbulence models and their influence on torque and power generated by the turbine. Numerical results were compared with experimental data.
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Water hammer analysis in water supply systems
PublicationPrzedstawiono metodę analizy zjawiska uderzenia hydraulicznego w sieci pierścieniowej. Model matematyczny opisano za pomocą układu równań różniczkowych cząstkowych I stopnia, które przekształcono do układu równań zwyczajnych. Dla rozwiązania układu równań zastosowano metodę predykator-korektor. Podano odpowiednie równania różnicowe dla węzłów złożonych. Przedstawiono przykład obliczeniowy sieci wodociągowej pierścieniowej, składającej...
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Neural network simulator's application to reference performance determination of turbine blading in the heat-flow diagnostics.
PublicationIn the paper, the possibility of application of artificial neural networks to perform the fluid flow calculations through both damaged and undamaged turbine blading was investigated. Preliminary results are presented and show the potentiality of further development of the method for the purpose of heat-flow diagnostics.
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Fully Separated Flow Control Using DBD Plasma Actuators Located at the Leading Edge of an Airfoil
PublicationIn the framework of the PLASMAERO European project, experiments were conducted to investigate the authority of surface DBD plasma actuators to alter a fully separated flow around an airfoil in order to improve its aerodynamic performances in its natural stall regime. In this paper, unsteady excitation control is more specifically investigated. The key control parameter studied here is the burst frequency which periodically imposes...
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Theoretical Model of Acoustic Wave Propagation in Shallow Water
PublicationThe work is devoted to the propagation of low frequency waves in a shallow sea. As a source of acoustic waves, underwater disturbances generated by ships were adopted. A specific feature of the propagation of acoustic waves in shallow water is the proximity of boundaries of the limiting media characterised by different impedance properties, which affects the acoustic field coming from a source situated in the water layer “ deformed”...
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Prediction of flow boiling heat transfer data for R134a, R600a and R290 in minichannels
PublicationIn the paper presented is the analysis of the results of calculations using a model to predict flow boiling of refrigerants such as R134a, R600a and R290. The latter two fluids were not used in development of model semiempirical correction. For that reason the model was verified with present experimental data. The experimental research was conducted for a full range of quality variation and a relatively wide range of mass velocity....
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Accuracy Investigations of Turbine Blading Neural Models Applied to Thermal and Flow Diagnostics
PublicationPossibility of replacing computional fluid dynamics simulations by a neural model for fluid flow and thermal diagnostics of steam turbines is investigated. Results of calculations of velocity magnitude of steam for 3D model of the stator of steam turbine is presented.
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Estimation of groundwater recharge in a shallow sandy aquifer using unsaturated zone modeling and water table fluctuation method
PublicationQuantification of groundwater recharge is one of the most important issues in hydrogeology, especially in view of the ongoing changes in climate and land use. In this study, we use numerical models of 1D vertical flow in the vadose zone and the water table fluctuation (WTF) analysis to investigate local-scale recharge of a shallow sandy aquifer in the Brda outwash plain in northern Poland. We show that these two methods can be...
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Approximate models and parameter analysis of the flow process in transmission pipelines
Publicationthe paper deals with the problem of early leak detection in transmission pipelines. First we present the derivation of state-space equations of the flow process in the pipelines. This description is then aggregated in order to obtain a principal model. Next, the problem of process model parameterization is addressed, taking into account the maximization of a model stability margin. The location of the maximum is determined using...
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Cavitation-Based Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment
PublicationCavitation based on advanced oxidation processes (Cav-AOPs) is interesting alternatives for already implemented wastewater treatment technologies. Destructive and strongly undesirable phenomena in the industry, i.e., cavitation, revealed to be useful in a positive manner as a source of energy for chemical reactions. During the implosion of cavitation bubbles, focused energy and resulting high temperature and pressure allows to...
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MHD darcy-forchheimer nanofluid flow and entropy optimization in an odd-shaped enclosure filled with a (MWCNT-Fe3O4/water) using galerkin finite element analysis
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Dissociation energies of protonated water clusters
PublicationRelative abundances of positively ionized water clusters formed in a low-pressure electrical discharge as function of reduced electric field were obtained by using drift cell and quadrupole mass spectrometer. It was noticed that some clusters say with n = 4 were more abundant than others, at comparable drift conditions. Dissociation energies have been derived from equilibrium conditions for relative clusters abundances. The Hartree-Fock...
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Numerical simulation of cold flow and combustion in a swirl stabilized combustor
PublicationA numerical simulation model was developed to investigate the cold flow and combustion using Ansys FLUENT 2021R1. The governing equations were solved using the pressure-based method, and pressure–velocity coupling was performed using the SIMPLE method. To model the turbulent process, the RSM model was used. Non-premixed model is chosen to solve the chemical kinetics between fuel and oxigen. Radiation heat transfer was calculated...
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The influence of water and mineral oil on volumetric losses in a hydraulic motor
PublicationIn this paper volumetric losses in hydraulic motor supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and comparison. The experimental tests were conducted using an innovative hydraulic satellite motor, that is dedicated to work with different liquid, including water. The sources of leaks in this motor are characterized and described also. On this...
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ECG measurement in the bathtub - conversation during measurement, electrodes on the sides of the bathtub, drl in water - women
Open Research DataThe measurement data shows the measurement of the ECG signal in water in the bathtub. The data includes the measurement time, the reference ECG signal from the chest, and the ECG signal measured by electrodes placed in the bathtub without contact with the human body. Using the presented data, it is possible to estimate the optimal arrangement of measuring...
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Correlated Particle Motion and THz Spectral Response of Supercritical Water
PublicationMolecular dynamics simulations of supercritical water reveal distinctly different distance-dependent modulations of dipolar response and correlations in particle motion compared to ambient conditions. The strongly perturbed H-bond network of water at supercritical conditions allows for considerable translationaland rotational freedom of individual molecules. These changes give rise to substantially different infrared spectra and...
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Quality Model for Integrated Security Monitoring and Control in Water Distribution Systems
PublicationThis article addresses the problem of drinking water distribution system (DWDS) security in the terms of water quality which in the era of terrorist threat is of high importance to the public. The contribution of this paper is the development of the so called security module to extend a multi-species water quality model. This gives an insight to the situation in DWDS not only under normal operational conditions but also in case...
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AUGMENTATION OF THE CRITICAL HEAT FLUX IN WATER-Al2O3, WATER-TiO2 AND WATER-Cu NANOFLUIDS
PublicationThe main aim of the proposed study is therefore recognition of the phenomena accompanying nucleate boiling crisis of selected nanofluids during boiling on horizontal tubes of various outside diameters. Of particular interest is impact of contact angle and tube diameter on the value of critical heat flux. The results obtained should give more light on the nature of nucleate boiling crisis and will serve as a basis for future theoretical...
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SESSILE DROPLET CONTACT ANGLE OF WATER-Al2O3, WATER-TiO2 AND WATER-Cu NANOFLUIDS
PublicationThe goal of the present work was the experimental determination of the contact angle of droplets of three nanofluids on various substrates. Of particular interest was effect of nanoparticle concentration on droplet contact angle.