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Search results for: Tar-Torre

  • Personal income tax - tax scales in 1992–2019

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The tax rate is the ratio (usually expressed as a percentage) at which a business or person is taxed. There are several methods used to present a tax rate: statory, average, marginal, and effective. These rates can also be presented using different definitions applied to a tax base: inclusive and exclusive.

  • Personal income tax - tax scales in 1992–2019

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Personal income tax in Poland is regulated by the Act of July 26, 1991. In addition, the rights and obligations of the taxpayer of this tax result from a number of provisions of the Polish Constitution, many statutes and ratified international agreements and executive regulations. This research data contains information on the amount of tax in Poland...

  • Tax rates for the payroll and profit tax for financial institutions Israel 2002-2015

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following dataset presents the historical tax rates for the payroll and profit tax paid by financial institutions (non-VAT taxation) in Israel.  The data presented in the dataset concerns 2002-2015. 

  • Biofouling UF car wash

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Polyethersulfone (PES) membranes were used to separate wastewater from car washes containing bacteria.After the separation was completed, the UF installations were washed with chemical agents.The study examined how effectively these chemical agents remove bacterial contamination from the installation.P3 Ultrasil 11 alkaline solutions (pH = 12) were...

  • The TPR reduction profile of Ce0.9M0.1O2

    Open Research Data
    embargo - series: Ceria

    The dataset includes the TPR reduction profiles of Ce0.9M0.1O2 (where M=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) nanopowders prepared by the reverse microemulsion method. After the synthesis powders were dried, then calcined at 500 degrees for 2 h. The measurements were carried out in H2/Ar mixture from 100C to 900C. Gas flow:40ml/min and temperature ramp: 10deg/min.

  • Car wash water reuse

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The resistance of automotive coatings to washing water recovered in 50% and 70% from wastewater generated at car wash was tested. The wastewater was purified in the ultrafiltration process using tubular polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (100 and 200 kDa) manufactured by PCI company. The membranes retained oil contamination and over 50% of surfactants....

  • Potential direction of changes in tax incentives

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The study conducted on a group of 259 entrepreneurs concerned exploring the potential direction of changes in the scope of the tax incentive system in Poland. The results of the study include answers to questions about the mechanisms of  tax reliefs used so far, as well as the potentialn direction of changes in this respect.

  • The use of tax reliefs by entrepreneurs on the example of tax relief for new technologies in the Łódź and Lower Silesian provinces

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Information about 323,152 business entities located in the Łódź and Lower Silesian voivodships, provided by 52 tax offices as part of access to public information. The time range of the survey is 2009-2016. The data describe the level of use of the tax relief for new technologies.

  • Entrepreneurs' intention to use tax relief

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The dataset presents the results of research conducted by the author among Polish entrepreneurs in 2017–2020. The diagnostic survey method was used to collect primary data among enterprises from the SME sector. The measurement instrument was a survey questionnaire developed by the author. This study is a key piece of research. The aim was to examine...

  • The TPR reduction profile of MCO powder

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The dataset includes the TPR reduction profiles of MnCo2O4 (MCO) commercial powder.  The dataset includes a cycle of reduction under H2/Ar mixture from 100C to 900C. Gas flow:40ml/min and temperature ramp: 10deg/min. Degassed at 200C in He for 1 h. 

  • IRAP tax differentiation in Italian Regions

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following table presents the widespread differentiation in the standard IRAP rates applied in the particular regions of Italy. The tax rates in the table have been updated to 2019 (Only Regions marked with "*" updated their tax rates to the 2020 tax period as of March 16, 2020).

  • Tubular ultrafiltration car wash wastewater

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The commercial ultrafiltration (UF) tubular polyvinylidene fluoride (100 and 200 kDa) and polyethersulfone  (4 kDa) membranes were applied for filtration of carwash wastewater. Intensive fouling was notice, which caused over 50% permeate  flux reduction during 3-5 h of filtration process. This phenomenon was reduced by washing the membranes with alkaline...

  • What entrepreneurs think about tax optimization?

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The study conducted on a group of 259 entrepreneurs concerned the behavioral attitudes of business owners regarding their opinion on tax optimization. From the study we will learn, among others, how tax optimization is defined according to entrepreneurs, their attitude towards it, as well as what optimization actions they have taken so far.

  • Tax discount for children deducted from income in selected EU countries, available according to the criterion of the number of children (in EUR) in 2017

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Despite the far-reaching harmonization of collection mechanisms and the amount of VAT and excise duty rates in the European Union, individual countries, as a rule, conduct individual income tax policies, including a system of reliefs and exemptions. It is worth noting that, as shown below, each European Union country uses at least one method of supporting...

  • Tax preferences in CIT in numbers 2009-2015

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support in Corporate Income Tax (CIT) between 2009-2015.

  • Tax preferences in PIT in numbers 2009-2015

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The follwoing data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support in Personal Income TAX (PIT) between 2009-2015.

  • Overproduction of CaMet15p native and His-tag versions.

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Enzyme of fungal L-methionine biosynthetic pathway: O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (Met15p) could be exploited as molecular target for antifungal chemotherapy. The goal of the study was to obtain conditions optimal for protein production with the use of prokaryotic cells. The constructed expression plasmids, designed in three different versions: encoding...

  • Overproduction of CaStr2p native and His-tag versions.

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Enzyme of fungal L-methionine biosynthetic pathway: cystathionine-γ-synthase (CaStr2p) could be exploited as molecular target for antifungal chemotherapy. The goal of the study was to obtain conditions optimal for protein production with the use of prokaryotic cells. The constructed expression plasmids, designed in three different versions: encoding...

  • Corporate income tax in Mexico (1981-1986)

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following dataset contains information about Mexican corporate income tax. The presented data concerns the years 1981-1986.

  • Corporate tax rates (2000-2019) - Greece

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Over the past twenty years, Greece has changed the statutory corporate tax rate, which in 2000 was 40%. The 2008 tax reform provided for a gradual reduction of the rate by 1% annually over the period 2010-2014 (from 25% to 20%). This dataset contains data on CIT rates in Greece.

  • Use of tax incentives and exemptions - study results

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The study was conducted on a group of 259 entrepreneurs from various regions of Poland. Tha analysis is concerned on aspects related to the level of use of tax incentives in companies. The results contain the following aspects: how often entrepreneurs benefit from tax breaks and exemptions and why are they reluctant to take economic and business advantage...

  • Tax revenues as part of GDP in selected countries

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following dataset contains information on the share of taxes in the GDP of selected countries (Baltic countries - Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia as well as Poland) in the years 2005 - 2020).

  • Tax income to the Polish state budget in 2010-2019

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Tax revenues are one of the main sources of state budget revenues (approx. 90%). Therefore thwy create the most important public fund, which is the basis for management in a given budgetary year. One of the main problems of fiscal policy of any state is appropriate coordination of budget revenues with budget expenditures, and hence maintaining budget...

  • COVID-19 tax response of selected European countries

    Open Research Data
    open access

    A large part of the aid mechanisms offered by individual European countries in connection with the outbreak of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic concerned the granting of the so-called tax preferences. It should be noted that a tax preference is any deviation from the adopted tax rules, resulting in a reduction of the final tax burden. The...

  • Data for systematic review on interversions reducing car use

    Open Research Data
    open access

    This dataset contains search strategies, bibliographic information and data synthesis performed for a systematic literature review to provide a comprehensive and unbiased summary of the available evidence concerning car use-reducing interventions employed and their effectiveness. ‘Intervention’, for this study purposes, is defined as “any policy, program,...

  • Data for meta-analysis on interversions reducing car use

    Open Research Data
    open access

    This dataset contains the results of a meta-analysis of reported interventions reducing car use. To standardise intervention effects reported in different scales, the  Hedges’ g effect size measure was used (ratio of raw difference in samples’ means and pooled standard deviation).  The standardised studies outcomes, along with overall outcome, were...

  • The fertility rate (TFR) in selected EU countries in 2015

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The main reasons for the negative consequences of demographic changes are: natural increase in the life span of the population, decline in fertility and emigration of unusual dimensions.

  • Tax system in Poland - current situation and direction of changes

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The study conducted on a group of 259 entrepreneurs from various regions of Poland concerns the opinions of business owners on the current tax situation, as well as potential changes in the tax system.

  • CIT tax rates in Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia

    Open Research Data
    open access

    This dataset contains information on basic corporate tax rates (CIT) in the years 2000 - 2018 in the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia i Estonia) and Poland.

  • Income tax rates for special activities in Czech Republic

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The standard corporate income tax rate is 19%. Since 2015, the tax rates for special activities have changed as follows: the tax rate for pension funds is 0% (with some exemption); The tax regulations define a new so-called "Basic investment fund" and only that particular fund can benefit from the lower tax rate of 5%. Other mutual funds that do not...

  • The fertility rate (TFR) in Poland in the period 1955-2017

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The fertility rate has dropped 2.5 times over the last 60 years. Immediately after the baby boom in the first half of the 1980s, many generations of women born in the second half of the 1970s, an increase in the number of births from the mid-1990s, were expected as a result of entering the age of the highest fertility age in Poland. which lasted until...

  • Tax system in Poland - current situation and direction of changes

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The study conducted on a group of 259 entrepreneurs from various regions of Poland concerns the opinions of business owners on the current tax situation, as well as potential changes in the tax system.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2012

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2012.

  • Tax support mechanisms for research and development projects in EU countries

    Open Research Data
    open access

    One of the important areas requiring special support from the state are activities in pro-innovative investments. Tax incentives allocated to research and development are used by practically all European Union countries. Their aim is to persuade entities conducting business activity to invest in the so-called new technologies - defined as the area of...

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2013

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2013.

  • Value of tax preferences in 2009-2015 as a percentage of Polish GDP

    Open Research Data
    open access

    This research data shows the percentage of the amount of tax preferences as a percentage of Polish GDP between 2009-2015. The data contained in this dataset has been collected by the Polish Ministry of Finance.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2014

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2014.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2011

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2009.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2009

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2009.

  • Value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2010

    Open Research Data
    open access

    These data contain information prepared by the Ministry of Finance on the value of tax preferences by areas of support and types of taxes in 2010.

  • Indicators describing the effectiveness of tax systems of selected OECD countries

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following research data include indicators describing the effectiveness of the tax administration activity in Poland compared to selected countries. In economic understanding efficiency is measured by the calculation of the expenditure of funds spent on its operation and performance of statutory functions. In this respect, the basic indicator is...

  • Results of research on the SME sector in the context of applying tax reliefs

    Open Research Data
    open access

    This dataset presents the quantitative results of the survey conducted in the period June 2019 - April 2020. In total, 274 completed survey questionnaires were obtained.

  • Upper corporate income tax rates CIT in EU countries (in%).

    Open Research Data
    open access

    In 2000, CIT rates were quite varied; in Ireland and Lithuania it was 24%, and in Germany it was nearly 52%. For all EU countries, the average CIT rate was at the level of 32%, but in the following years the rate decreased to reach the level of around 22.5%. The largest reductions in the CIT rate were introduced by Bulgaria and Germany. Particularly...

  • Top personal income tax rates (PIT) in EU countries (in%).

    Open Research Data
    open access

    When analyzing the historical PIT rates, it should be noted that in 2000 the average rate was almost 45%. The highest income tax (approx. 60%) was imposed in Belgium, Denmark, as well as in the Netherlands and France. On the other hand, the lowest (25%) rates were recorded in Estonia and Latvia, which were not yet members of the European Union. In the...

  • The level of Knowledge and use of tax exemptions for R&D activities

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The following research data contains the answers of 259 entrepreneurs to questions regarding tax reliefs and exemptions for research and development activities. As part of the study answers to the following questions were obtained:Have you ever used the tax relief for new technologies / R&D?Has your company acquired a license / software (intangible...

  • Knowledge and level of use of tax exemptions for R&D activities

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The research results contain answers to questions about the level of knowledge and skills in using concessions and exemptions for research and development (R&D) activities in Poland.

  • Mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle purchasers in selected European countries in 2011-2016

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The European authorities have not developed a single common preference model for electric car buyers within the Union. Different countries have decided on different solutions. The following dataset presents mechanisms for supporting electric vehicle purchasers in selected European countries in years 2011-2016, including both economical (in the form...

  • Separation of bacteria in UF process

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Large quantities of water are used in car washing, so it is necessary to recycle the water, which is made possible by membrane filtration. FP100 (100 kDa) membranes have been used to treat car wash wastewater by ultrafiltration (UF). With time of operation, the properties of the membranes change. The membranes need to be cleaned periodically to prevent...

  • Correction of far-field measurements obtained in non-anechoic test site

    Open Research Data
    open access

    The dataset contains raw and processed measurements of radiation pattern characteristics performed in non-anechoic regime for two geometrically small antenna structures: a spline-parameterized Vivaldi structure and a compact spline-based monopole. The responses have been obtained at the selected frequencies of interest as a function of mentioned structures...

  • Overproduction of homoserine O-acetyltransferase (CaMet2p) native and His-tag versions.

    Open Research Data
    open access

    Enzyme of fungal L-methionine biosynthetic pathway: homoserine O-acetyltransferase (Met2p) could be exploited as molecular target for antifungal chemotherapy. The goal of the study was to obtain conditions optimal for protein production with the use of prokaryotic cells. The constructed expression plasmids, designed in three different versions: encoding...