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Search results for: NEGATIVE BRAKE
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Experimental study of the multi-disc negative brake for a hydraulic motor
PublicationThis paper describes the methodology for experimental testing of a multi-disc brake. The construction of this brake was also present. The brake is dedicated to hydraulic motors with a small working volume. Experimental tests were carried out on a brake with plates immersed in oil and, for comparison, tests were carried out on a dry brake. As a result of the tests, the permissible torque (load) that is able to transfer the brake...
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Multispecies invasion reduces the negative impact of single alien plant species on native flora
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Lubricity-based estimation of the changes in the brake fluid quality
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono, na podstawie wyników badań laboratoryjnych, możliwość określenia wartości smarności łączącej własności fizykochemiczne i reologiczne płynów. Smarność, która została określona dla trzech płynów hamulcowych (oznaczenia zastrzeżone przez firmę zlecającą porównanie ich własności), umożliwiła wybór najlepszego, który pewnie zostanie zastosowany w instalacjach hamulcowych samochodów.
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The initial selection of parameters for dynamic brake for car engine test dynamometer
PublicationThe article presents an analysis of the car engine loads. The aim of the analysis was to determine the parameters of the brake / electric motor on an engine test bad. Analysis of loads on the driving tests concerned on chassis dynamo to simulate them on an engine dynamometer. To check the range of dynamometer shaft angular acceleration inertial mass of a car was reduced on the crankshaft axis. The calculations of maximum shaft...
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Effective density of airborne wear particles from car brake materials
PublicationPeople living in urban environments are subject to high health risks due to various anthropogenic sources of airborne particulate matter, including wear of transport vehicle brakes. Studies of airborne particles often require an estimate of the effective particle density, a property that allows correct matching of mass and size characteristics measured by different aerosol instruments. In this study we investigated the effective...
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Emission of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles from brake materials
PublicationOperation of transport vehicle brakes makes a significant contribution to airborne particulate matter in urban areas, which is subject of numerous studies due to the environmental concerns. We investigated the presence and number fractions of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles emitted from a low-metallic car brake material (LM), a non-asbestos organic car brake material (NAO) and a train brake cast iron against a cast iron. Particles...
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Selection of a manufacturing technology variant for brake master cylinders by DFMA practices
PublicationPrzedstawiono koncepcję zintegrowanego, współbieżnego projektowania konstrukcji oraz procesów wytworzenia i montażu określonej klasy wyrobów tj. pomp hydraulicznych, stosowanych w układach hamulcowych pojazdów dostawczych. Omówiono ograniczenia i możliwości doboru alternatywnych technologii wytworzenia komponentów oraz realizacji procesu montażu, dla określonej postaci konstrukcyjnej wyrobu, a spełniającej wymagania technologiczności...
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Electrorheological Fluid Based Clutches and Brakes
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Three-dimensional CFD modeling of thermal behavior of a disc brake and pad for an automobile
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A Study on Emission of Airborne Wear Particles from Car Brake Friction Pairs
PublicationThe emission of airborne wear particles from friction material / cast iron pairs used in car brakes was investigated, paying special attention to the influence of temperature. Five low-metallic materials and one non-asbestos organic material were tested using a pin-on-disc machine. The machine was placed in a sealed chamber to allow airborne particle collection. The concentration and size distribution of 0.0056 to 10 μm particles...
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Quantification of ultrafine airborne particulate matter generated by the wear of car brake materials
PublicationThe wear of car brakes is one of the main sources of airborne particulate matter in urban environments. Ultrafine wear particles are of special environmental interest since they can easily penetrate the human body through inhalation and cause various diseases. In the present study, the contribution of ultrafine particles to airborne particulate matter emitted from car brake materials was investigated under different friction conditions....
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Software Implementation of the RAKE receiver
PublicationThis paper presents concept of the RAKE receiver method with implemented algorithm of shifted phase WMSA filter (Weighed Multi-Slot Averaging). First, the RAKE receiver block diagram and WMSA filter analysis have been described. Next, the results of the simulation have been described. In summary usefulness of the concept has been confirmed.
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Identifying and Mitigating the Negative Effects of Power in Organizations
PublicationThis article investigates the possible negative effects of power in organizations. It demonstrates how holding power may affect an individual’s perception of others, actions, and cognition. Ways in which power may have a detrimental effect on different aspects of a manager’s functioning within an organization, including building relationships, communication, and performance are analyzed. It is argued that individuals are unaware...
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Rectangular waveguides with posts of negative isotropic media
PublicationWykorzystując metodę dopasowania rodzajów opisano metodykę połączenia zastępczego pola rozproszonego od dowolnej konfiguracji prętów dielektrycznych lub wykonanych z metamateriału z pobudzeniem z falowodu prostokątnego. Zaprezentowano częstotliwościowe charakterystyki macierzy rozproszenia dla rodzaju podstawowego. Zaobserwowano filtrujące własności badanych układów.
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Community innovators: 'shock troops' of the new order or safety brake in the era of 'fast policy'?
PublicationArtykuł zawiera krytyczną analizę zinstytucjonalizowanej innowacji w zakresie polityki przestrzennej. Hasło kongresu ''szybkie planowanie'' jest interpretowane jako strategia modernizacyjna, mogąca w efekcie preferować ograniczoną liczbę prorynkowych modeli rozwoju i rolę głosu eksperckiego. Artykuł podsumowuje pierwsze doświadczenia związane ze społecznym oporem przeciwko takim formom kształtowania polityki rozwoju miast w Polsce.
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Correlations between the wear of car brake friction materials and airborne wear particle emissions
PublicationAirborne wear particles emitted from transport vehicle brakes are one of the main sources of toxic metals in inhalable particulate matter. Prediction of wear particle emissions may become more accurate if the relationship between the wear and particle emission characteristics is known. An experimental study was performed to investigate proportional correlations between the mass wear, 0.01–0.42 μm particle emission measured by a NanoScan...
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ANALYSIS OF BRACE STIFFNESS INFLUENCE ON STABILITY OF THE TRUSS
PublicationThe paper is devoted to the numerical and experimental research of stability of a truss with side elastic supports at the top chord. The structure is a model of a real roof truss scaled by factor ¼. The linear buckling analysis and non-linear static analysis were carried out. The buckling length factor for the compressed top chord was calculated and the limit load for the imperfect truss shell model with respect to brace stiffness...
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Negative thermal expansion and antiferromagnetism in the actinide oxypnictide NpFeAsO
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Tailoring Graphene to Achieve Negative Poisson's Ratio Properties
PublicationGraphene can be made auxetic through the introduction of vacancy defects. This results in the thinnest negative Poisson's ratio material at ambient conditions known so far, an effect achieved via a nanoscale de-wrinkling mechanism that mimics the behavior at the macroscale exhibited by a crumpled sheet of paper when stretched.
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Negative thermal expansion and antiferromagnetism in the actinide oxypnictide NpFeAsO
PublicationPrzeprowadzona został udana synteza NpFeAsO, związku będącego analogiem do LaFeAsO. Stwierdzono występowanie antyferromagnetycznego uporządkowania z T_N = 57 K. Poniżej T_N zauważono tzw. ujemną rozszerzalność termiczną. Przeprowadzono badania dyfrakcyjne przy użyciu promieniowania synchrotronowego (ESRF - Grenoble) a także neutronów (ILL - Grenoble).
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Rectangular waveguide junctions with posts of negative isotropic media.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wpływ ujemnej przenikalności elektrycznej i magnetycznej rezonatorów cylindrycznych umieszczonych w czteroportowym prostokątnym złączu falowodowym na jego parametry odbicia i transmisji. Wykorzystano zmodyfikowaną procedurę iteracyjną i metodę dopasowania rodzajów w celu określenia macierzy rozproszenia w/w złącza.
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Monitoring der ''Brcke des III. Jahrtausends'' in Danzig.
PublicationMost Trzeciego Tysiąclecia im. Jana Pawła II, usytuowany w ciągu Trasy Sucharskiego w Gdańsku został oddany do użytku w listopadzie 2001 r. Jest to obecnie jeden z trzech podwieszonych mostów wybudowanych na przełomie ostatnich dwóch lat w Polsce. Konstrukcja obiektu znajduje się obecnie pod ciągłym monitoringiem z uwagi na obciążenie użytkowe, wiatr oraz temperaturę. Dokonano charakterystyki systemu pomiarowego oraz przedstawiono...
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Implementacja odbiornika RAKE w technice SDR.
PublicationPrzedstawiono sposób działania oraz wyniki symlacyjne odbiornika RAKE wraz z algorytmami estymacji przesunięcia fazowego WMSA. Jest to bardzo prosty algorytm, a zarazem uwzględniający dynamiczne zmiany odbieranego sygnału. Ze względu na mozliwość zwiększenia liczby gałęzi w odbiorniku, można go w prosty sposób dostosować do dysponowanej mocy oliczeniowej. przedstawiono przykładowe wyniki zaawansowanych symulacji opartych na bezpośrednim...
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Symmetry-controlled negative differential resistance effect in a triangular molecule
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Genetic Programming with Negative Selection for Volunteer Computing System Optimization
PublicationVolunteer computing systems like BOINC or Comcute are strongly supported by a great number of volunteers who contribute resources of their computers via the Web. So, the high efficiency of such grid system is required, and that is why we have formulated a multi-criterion optimization problem for a volunteer grid system design. In that dilemma, both the cost of the host system and workload of a bottleneck host are minimized. On...
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Negative psychological aspects of working with experimental animals in scientific research
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Keystroke Dynamics Patterns While Writing Positive and Negative Opinions
PublicationThis paper deals with analysis of behavioural patterns in human–computer interaction. In the study, keystroke dynamics were analysed while participants were writing positive and negative opinions. A semi-experiment with 50 participants was performed. The participants were asked to recall the most negative and positive learning experiences (subject and teacher) and write an opinion about it. Keystroke dynamics were captured and...
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Optimizing CO2 Purification in a Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant
PublicationIn the pursuit of mitigating CO2 emissions, this study investigates the optimisation of CO2 purification within a Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant using a spray ejector condenser (SEC) coupled with a separator. The approach involves direct-contact condensation of vapour, primarily composed of an inert gas (CO2), facilitated by a subcooled liquid spray. A comprehensive analysis is presented, employing a numerical model to simulate...
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Millimeter Wave Negative Refractive Index Metamaterial Antenna Array
PublicationIn this paper, a novel negative refractive index metamaterial (NIM) is developed and characterized. The proposed metamaterial exhibits negative effective permittivity (εeffe) and negative effective permeability (µeffe) at millimeter wave frequency of 28GHz. This attractive feature is utilized to enhance the gain of a microstrip patch antenna (MPA). Two thin layers of 5 5 subwavelength unit cell array of NIM are placed above a...
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A concept for reducing PM 10 emissions for car brakes by 50%
PublicationWith regard to airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), in countries in the European Union, the mass of brake emissions equals approximately 8–27% of the total traffic-related emissions. Using a research methodology combining tests at different scale levels with contact mechanics simulations and PM10 chemical characterization, the REBRAKE EU-financed project had the following aims: i) to demonstrate...
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The influence of brace to chord rotational connection stiffness on stability of the truss
PublicationThe paper is devoted to the numerical analysis of the roof truss subjected to upward wind loading and braced at the tensioned top chord. The linear buckling analysis were performed for the beam and shell model of the structure. As the result the influence of rotational connection stiffness between the brace and the top chord on the truss stability was appointed. The biaxial strength testing machine was used to conduct the experimental...
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Airborne wear particle emission from train brake friction materials with different contents of steel and copper fibres
PublicationThis study investigated the influence of the amount of steel and copper fibres in a train brake friction material on the tribological performance, emission intensity and characteristics of airborne wear particles. The particles were generated on a pin-on-disc tribometer under controlled friction and environmental conditions. It was found that the steel fibre results in a more intensive emission of 0.3–10 μm particles compared to...
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Estymacja odpowiedzi impulsowej kanału w odbiorniku RAKE
PublicationW referacie opisano podstawowe charakterystyki kanału i ich zależność od czasu, rodzaju środowiska propagacyjnego i prędkości poruszania się terminala oraz przedstawiono przykładowe przebiegi odpowiedzi impulsowej kanału w wybranych środowiskach. Ponadto omówiono podstawowe metody estymacji odpowiedzi impulsowej kanału dokonywanej w odbiorniku RAKE na podstawie nadawanych w kanale sterującym ciągów pilotowych
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Mapping negative unintended consequences of disruptive technologies use in smart cities
PublicationSmart cities governance (SCG) consists of both to foster technology-enabled innovation, and to utilize disruptive technologies (DT) outcomes and impacts to increase public value of urban services. Despite widespread discussion of DT benefits, scientific literature identifies multiple determinants of unintended negative consequences (UC) of DT deployment in smart city initiatives. By considering UC as the negative aspects resulting...
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A low-voltage CMOS negative impedance converter for analogue filtering applications
PublicationLow-voltage high-frequency continuous-time filters are still required in many applications and are the subject of continuing research. There are many techniques to realize integrated filters, including OTA C, Opamp RC and MOSFET-C-Opamp. The latter two show high dynamic range at low supply voltage, but their frequency operating range is usually limited to several megahertz. Transconductance filters are dedicated to higher frequencies....
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The Sustainable Future of Carbon Farming with Virginia Fanpetals, a Carbon-Negative Species
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Sewage sludge disintegration - A promising way to minimize negative environmental impact
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono przegląd technologii dezintegracji osadów ściekowych. Efektem stosowania dezintegracji jest intensyfikacja produkcji biogazu oraz poprawa właściwości osadu przefermentowanego. Zaprezentowano także wyniki badań dotyczące mechanicznej dezintegracji osadów ściekowych pochodzących z komunalnej oczyszczalni ścieków w Gdańsku. Określono wpływ rodzaju dezintegracji (homogenizator, ultradźwięki) na jakość cieczy...
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Enterotoxigenic Potential of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Ready-to-Eat Food
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Negative Ion Formation in Sodium Chloride TrimerAn ab Initio Study
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Theoretical study of thermofrictional oscillations due to negative friction-temperature characteristic
PublicationAnalytical study on oscillations of a body on a moving counterbody has been done by assuming imperfect frictional thermal contact and friction that decreases with contact temperature. It has been shown that stick-slip oscillation occurs due to decrease of friction coefficient when the body moves in the opposite direction to the counterbody. Dynamical characteristics, such as conditions for stable sliding and limit cycles, have...
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A novel concept of negative CO2 emission power plant for utilization of sewage sludge
PublicationCarbon Capture and Storage (CSS) technology is considered an important “bridge technology”, allowing effective abatement of CO2 emissions for power units using fossil fuels. However, if biomass is used in a power plant, equipped with CCS system, negative CO2 emissions can be achieved. In practice, wide development of such technologies would enable not only reduction of CO2 emissions, but also reversal of the harm done so far. In...
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Tin Oxide Encapsulated into Pyrolyzed Chitosan as a Negative Electrode for Lithium Ion Batteries
PublicationTin oxide is one of the most promising electrode materials as a negative electrode for lithium-ion batteries due to its higher theoretical specific capacity than graphite. However, it suffers lack of stability due to volume changes and low electrical conductivity while cycling. To overcome these issues, a new composite consisting of SnO2 and carbonaceous matrix was fabricated. Naturally abundant and renewable chitosan was chosen...
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Prognostic Significance of TOP2A Gene Dosage in HER-2-Negative Breast Cancer
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Can Gram-Negative Bacteria Develop Resistance to Antimicrobial Blue Light Treatment?
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Pilicides effectively hinder chaperone-usher interactions in all Gram-negative bacteria
PublicationThe chaperone-usher pathway of adhesive structures biogenesis is highly conserved in all Gram-negative bacteria. Pili are polymers of thousands protein subunits that possess conserved immunoglobuline-like structure denoted by lack of the seventh G strand. The effect of this structural defect is a hydrophobic acceptor cleft. The folding of protein subunits is strictly dependent on the action of specific periplasmic chaperone protein...
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Negative impact of constant RPM control strategy on ship NOx emission in waves
PublicationIn severe wave conditions, the ship propulsion system is loaded with high fluctuations due to external disturbances. The highly fluctuating loads enforce radical changes in the main engine torque, which in turn demands variation of the fuel rate injected into the cylinders if a constant rotational speed strategy is applied. Therefore, the temperature of gases varies to a large extent during the combustion process in the cylinders....
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Negative carbon dioxide gas power plant integrated with gasification of sewage sludge
PublicationOne of the primary objectives of the negative carbon dioxide gas power plant (nCO2PP) is to develop an innovative technology confirming the possibility of the use of sewage sludge to produce electricity while having a positive impact on the environment. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to estimate thermodynamic parameters of the system in relation to the gasification process and changes in such parameters in the...
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Effect of high pressure and sub-zero temperature on some gram-negative bacteria.
PublicationCelem pracy było określenie przeżywalności wybranych gramujemnych bakterii na działanie wysokiego ciśnienia i ujemnej temperatury. Traktowanie komórek bakterii ciśnieniem 193 MPa w temperaturze -20C przez 24 godziny, powodowało całkowitą inaktywację bakterii E. coli, P. fluorescens i T. thermophilus. Po działaniu ciśnienia przez krótszy czas występowały różnice we wrażliwości między badanymi szczepami. Najmniej odporny na działanie...
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Measurements of relative frequency instability
PublicationFrequency constancy can be determined by the change in time for the subsequent periods. The article shows that classical the method of digital period measurement is not suitable for the measurement process. Therefore, a method using an integrating circuit is being proposed. Errors in the measurement of the given method have been analyzed.
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Comparative analysis of the theoretical models of ideal propulsor, ideal fluid brake, ideal screw propeller and ideal axial wind turbine
PublicationThe article presents a detailed discussion of four different fluid dynamics devices.These devices are presented with all relevant mathematical formulae regarding the forces, the power and the efficiency. It is demonstrated that application of the Betz theorem to axial wind turbines is not correct and it underestimates the maximujm achievable efficiency. This conclusion is supported by numerical calculations.