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  • Collaborative development model and strategies of multi-energy industry clusters: Multi-indicators analysis affecting the development of coastal energy clusters

    Publication

    - ENERGY - Year 2024

    The paper explores Coastal Energy-Based Industrial Clusters (EBICs) and their role in advancing energy efficiency and sustainability through collaborative innovation. Economic growth theory and energy sustainability have been introduced into industrial clusters to illustrate indicators that have a greater impact on the development of EBICs. This paper proposes an EBICs development model based on the Cobb-Douglas function, in which...

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  • Internetowe serwisy informacyjne dla rodzin wojskowych i ich zastosowanie w praktyce pedagogicznej

    Publication

    - Year 2007

    W artykule omówiono możliwości praktycznego wykorzystania przez pedagogów dwóch serwisów internetowych zorientowanych na problematykę rodzin wojskowych. Przedstawiono zawartość tych serwisów. Pierwszy koncentruje się na specyficznych potrzebach dzieci z rodzin wojskowych, drugi jest internetowa stroną Narodowego Centrum Zaburzeń Stresu Pourazowego (PTSD). W dalszej kolejności zaprezentowano ich specyficzność (rodzina wojskowa)...

  • Wykorzystanie potencjału transportowego Dolnej Wisły

    Publication

    - Year 2011

    W pracy zawarto koncepcję rozwoju drogi wodnej Wisły na odcinku Bydgoszcz - Gdańsk. Przedstawione są bariery utrudniające rozwój transportu wodnego i przesłanki przemawiające za aktywizacją dróg wodnych w Polsce. Zaproponowano drogę wodną Wisły jako łańcuch w ogólnopolskiej sieci transportowej, z terminalami kontenerowymi na istniejących nabrzeżach w Porcie Gdańsk i nowym terminalem w Bydgoszczy, a także połączono ją z ogólnopolską...

  • Połączenie śródlądowe Gdańsk - Elbląg

    Transport wodny jako najtańszy, najbezpieczniejszy i najmniej uciążliwy dla środowiska naturalnego. Rewitalizacja istniejącej i nowobudowanej infrastruktury przeładunkowo-logistycznej śródlądowych portów handlowych dzięki przywróceniu regularnej żeglugi towarowej. Transport wodny jako najbardziej ekologiczny rodzaj transportu. Charakterystyka Delty Wisły, koncepcja rozwoju drogi wodnej na odcinku Gdańsk - Elbląg. Bariery utrudniające...

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  • What determines export diversification in the development process? Empirical assessment.

    Publication

    - WORLD ECONOMY - Year 2013

    This paper assesses the role played by country-specific factors as determinants of relative export diversification. Using a panel data set for 60 countries and 20 years (1985–2004), we confirm that even after clearing out differences in income per capita, cross-country variability in the degree of export diversification is significant. In general, apart from per capita income, features influencing the size of accessible markets...

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  • Intranet w komunikacji wewnętrznej przedsiębiorstwa

    Publication

    - Year 2005

    Komunikowanie się w organizacjach jest warunkiem koniecznym sprawnego jej funkcjonowania. Napotyka jednak na szereg barier. Nowe możliwości technologiczne, takie jak Intranet wspierają proces komunikacyjny przedsiębiorstwa, oferując wiele korzyści. W rozdziale omówiony został proces komunikacji i bariery komunikacyjne. Opisane zostały związki między komunikowaniem się a efektywnością przedsiębiorstwa. Przedstawiono podstawowe korzyści...

  • Services Marketing Influence On Marketing Theory Evolution,

    Publication

    - Handel Wewnętrzny - Year 2017

    The discovery of differences between tangible goods and services in the 1970s was one of the most landmark moments in the history of marketing with an emphasis being shifted to the need for using different/diversified marketing activities while dealing with various industries and types of products. The objective of this article is to briefly characterise the evolution of the marketing thought and to present the crucial influence...

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  • Export Diversification and Development - Empirical Assessment

    Publication

    - RED. ZAGR. ANGIELSKI - Year 2011

    This paper assesses the role played by country specific factors as determinants of exports' diversification process. Using a panel data-set for 60 countries and twenty years (1985-2004) we confirm that even after clearing out differences in income per capita, cross section variability in the degree of exports' diversification is significant. In general, apart from per capita income, variables influencing the size of accessible...

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  • The data exchange between smart glasses and healthcare information systems using the HL7 FHIR standard

    Publication

    - Year 2016

    In this study we evaluated system architecture for the use of smart glasses as a viewer of information, as a source of medical data (vital sign measurements: temperature, pulse rate, and respiration rate), and as a filter of healthcare information. All activities were based on patient/device identification procedures using graphical markers or features based on visual appearance. The architecture and particular use cases were implemented...

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  • Framework for Structural Health Monitoring of Steel Bridges by Computer Vision

    Publication

    - SENSORS - Year 2020

    The monitoring of a structural condition of steel bridges is an important issue. Good condition of infrastructure facilities ensures the safety and economic well-being of society. At the same time, due to the continuous development, rising wealth of the society and socio-economic integration of countries, the number of infrastructural objects is growing. Therefore, there is a need to introduce an easy-to-use and relatively low-cost...

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  • Database of speech and facial expressions recorded with optimized face motion capture settings

    The broad objective of the present research is the analysis of spoken English employing a multiplicity of modalities. An important stage of this process, discussed in the paper, is creating a database of speech accompanied with facial expressions. Recordings of speakers were made using an advanced system for capturing facial muscle motion. A brief historical outline, current applications, limitations and the ways of capturing face...

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  • Studies on origin of Polish honeys by two-dimensional gas chromatography Ocena pochodzenia surowcowego polskich miodów przy użyciu dwuwymiarowej chromatografii gazowej

    Polish acacia, linden, rapessed and buckwheat-derived honeys and a honydew were analysed for presence of hydrocarbons, alcs., ketones and esters by 2-dimensional gas chromatog. to establish the markers for the honey origin. PrOH was found characteristic for acacia honey, Me(CH2)11OH for linden honey, Me(CH2)6CHOMe for honeydew and Me(CH2)8COOEt for the rapeseed honey. Wykorzystano technikę dwuwymiarowej chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej...

  • Environmental exposure to cadmium in breast cancer – association with the Warburg effect and sensitivity to tamoxifen

    Publication
    • K. Tarhonska
    • B. Janasik
    • J. Roszak
    • K. Kowalczyk
    • M. Lesicka
    • E. Reszka
    • E. Wieczorek
    • M. Braun
    • A. Kolacinska-Wow
    • J. Skokowski... and 2 others

    - BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY - Year 2023

    The association between cadmium and breast cancer remains unexplained due to inconsistent epidemiological data and unknown underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to assess the relationship between environmental exposure to cadmium and the Warburg effect in breast cancer and, thus, its possible interference with breast cancer treatment. The observational study in two groups of breast cancer patients indicated a positive correlation between...

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  • Virtual Sightseeing in Immersive 3D Visualization Lab

    The paper describes the modern Immersive 3D Visualization Lab (I3DVL) established at the Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics of the Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT) and its potential to prepare virtual tours and architectural visualizations on the example of the application allowing a virtual walk through the Coal Market in Gdańsk. The paper presents devices of this laboratory (CAVE, walk simulator etc.),...

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  • Implementing SP4CE Learning Rooms concept and AUTODESK online certification in the preparation of a new generation of engineers.

    Publication

    - Year 2018

    In academia, educators do not always cope with rapidly changing technologies. Yet keeping up with new trends is essential to graduates’ success in a competitive job market. In the article, the author will answer the question of how Autodesk University Open Educational Resources and Certiport exams including GMetrix can enhance students’ academic progress and prepare them for future career. The concept of co-operation between Authorized...

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  • Mobile operators at war: opinion mining and sentiment analysis on social media

    Publication

    Considering hermetic and very competitive market such as mobile operator ones, social media has become best alternative for contact with customer and gathering data and opinions. Different style of running social media profiles is giving different results. The research presented in this paper aims to show the number of responses gathered from polish Internet users and its sentiment for mobile operator brands. It also presents practical...

  • SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE EVALUATION OF THE QUALITY OF GRAPE WINE

    Publication

    Development of the domestic grape wine market has been presented. The number of grape wine producing entities, acreage, and volume of production over last five years are presented. The composition of red grape wine has been discussed involving health promoting aspects. Two methods of wine quality determination: analytical and sensory meth ods have been described. Physicochemical parameters influencing wine quali ty (acidity, sweetness)...

  • Law regulation in Poland related to biofuels

    Publication

    The situation in the area of using biofuels in transport mostly the law aspects was presented and discussed. In Poland there are various legal issues with biofuel production, examination and use. These include among the others: quality inspection, production costs and market prices of biofuels, forms of public and legal service for biofuel producers or programs of biofuels promotion. In order to popularise biofuels it is significant...

  • Modeling of Cardiac Component of Subarachnoid Space Changes in Apnoea Resulting as a Function of Blood Pressure and Blood Flow Parameters - Two Mechanizm of Regulation

    Publication

    - Year 2017

    Experiments were performed in a group of 19 healthy, non-smoking volunteers. The experiment consisted of three apnoeas, sequentially: 30 s apnoea, 60 s apnoea and maximal, that could be done, apnoea. The breath-hold was separated for 5 minutes rest. The following parameters were measured and obtained for further analysis: blood parameters, artery diameter of the internal carotid artery, end-tidal CO2 in expired air, the cardiac...

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  • Low Cost Hexacopter Autonomous Platform for Testing and Developing Photogrammetry Technologies and Intelligent Navigation Systems

    Publication

    - Year 2017

    Low-cost solutions for autonomous aerial platforms are being intensively developed and used within geodetic community. Unmanned aerial vehicles are becoming very popular and widely used for photogrammetry and remote sensing applications. Today’s market offers an affordable price components for unmanned solution with significant quality and accuracy growth. Every year market offers a new solutions for autonomous platforms with better...

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  • Changes in the Global Competitiveness Index 4.0 Methodology: The Improved Approach of Competitiveness Benchmarking

    Publication

    The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) developed by the World Economic Forum (WEF) is used as a standard for measuring a country’s competitiveness. However, in literature, the GCI has been accused of numerous methodological flaws. Consequently, in 2018, the WEF introduced significant methodological changes. This study aims to examine whether the methodological modifications in the GCI’s structure increase its ability to capture...

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  • Corporate Governance and Ownership Structure in the Top 30 Listed Non Financial Companies in Poland

    Publication

    - Year 2014

    This paper offers a first analysis of the relationships between corporate governance models and rules and ownership structure of the top 30 Polish firms listed at the WSE (not considering foreign firms and/or the Polish branches of foreign firms listed at the same stock exchange, nor the financial companies and the banks). The general picture depicted by this analysis is putting into evidence the increasing importance of institutional...

  • Functioning and legal regulations of perpetual usufruct right in Poland in relation to similar rights in other countries of the European Union

    Publication

    - Year 2015

    1 May 2004, Poland became part of the European Union, which main aim is the political, economic and social integration of democratic European countries as well as the construction of a common market ensuring of persons, goods, services and capital move freely. The Accession Treaty provides some transitional periods for the adjustment of the right of Member States to the EU regulations. Next year, 12 years after joining the EU,...

  • Challenges and recent advances in bio-based isocyanate production.

    Publication

    Polyurethanes (PUs) are key players in the plastics industry. According to the Global Polyurethane Market (2019–2023), their value in the global market reached $95.13 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 12%. This is in line with the increase in the number of research papers and patents on the synthesis and application of petroleum-based PUs (P-PUs) and biomass or green PUs (G-PUs) (from 67 657...

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  • Modelling long-term technological transition of Polish power system using MARKAL: Emission trade impact

    Publication

    The need for technological transition of electricity production becomes a global problem. However, in coal-dominated Polish power system this need is even more crucial than anywhere, since technical lifetime of the most domestic power plants is ending. In this paper, the impact of the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) for CO2 combined with sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission trading mechanism on power technology...

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  • Ocena dostępności do lecznictwa onkologicznego w polskich województwach

    Zróżnicowanie w dostępie do usług opieki zdrowotnej, to poważne wyzwanie dla systemów zdrowotnych we wszystkich krajach świata. W artykule podjęto próbę oceny dostępności do lecznictwa onkologicznego w układzie przestrzennym 16 województw wykorzystując metodę DEA. Jako miernik dostępu przyjęto poziom zgonów a jako podstawowe bariery dostępu liczbę łóżek i lekarzy. Wykorzystano informacje statystyczne pochodzące z GUS z 2013 r....

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  • International Competitiveness of Czech Manufacturing: A Sectoral Approach with Error Correction Model

    Publication

    The main objective of this paper is to find the determinants of the international competitiveness of the manufacturing sectors of the Czech economy, using the database of 13 manufacturing subsectors in 1995–2011, with the aid of ECM model. The authors research the question of how much foreign and domestic demand, the level of labour costs, the level of sector innovation intensity, the level of sector openness to foreign markets...

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  • CHALLENGES TO NATIONAL ECONOMIES OF SELECTED EU COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN SOCIETY

    Publication

    The countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which acceded to the EU in 2004, are facing a great challenge related to transformations in the level and demographic structure of the population. The observed adverse demographic developments require taking decisive actions aimed at curbing the negative trend. The purpose of this paper is to present changes in the level and demographic structure of population and their impact on...

  • SPECYFIKA OBLIGACJI ZAMIENNYCH EMITOWANYCH PRZEZ SPÓŁKI PUBLICZNE

    Publication

    Upublicznienie rynku instrumentów dłużnych przedsiębiorstw w Polsce umożliwiło spółkom bardziej efektywne pozyskiwanie środków finansowych poprzez zaciąganie długu u wierzycieli detalicznych, równolegle z istniejącą już możliwością pozyskiwania kapitałów własnych. Rynek ten otworzył także spółkom publicznym drogę do emisji obligacji zamiennych, które z kolei bez obecności instrumentów udziałowych emitenta na rynku publicznym, stają...

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  • Etyczne podstawy marketingu bezpośredniego. W: Etyczne podstawy ekonomii - teoria i praktyka. Red.nauk. J. Kubka. Gdańsk: Zakł. Nauk. Filoz. Wydz. Zarz. i Ekon. P. Gdań.**2003 s. 157-160 bibliogr. 5 poz.

    Publication

    - Year 2003

    Autor porusza etyczne problemy związane z wykorzystaniem przez firmy po-szczególnych form marketingu bezpośredniego ( m. in. telemarketingu, marke-tingu katalogowego i on-line). Ukazano także strukturę Kodeksu EtycznegoStowarzyszenia Marketingu Bezpośredniego. Wśród głównych zarzutów kierowa-nych do firm, wymienia się m. in.:naruszanie prywatności, niuczciwość, nadużycia i oszustwa.

  • Evaluation of Batch Production Processes Based on Seven Criterions

    Publication

    To answer growing demand on products adapted to clients’ individual needs, it is required to develop new ways of measurement and rating for batch production processes. The researchers developed method which allows synthetic and complex evaluation, as well as improvement of these processes. Case study with participating observation, non-participating observation, interviews, and the analysis of historical data was conducted in order...

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  • Euro 2012 economic impact on host cities in Poland

    Publication

    - Year 2013

    The UEFA European Championship (Euro) is among the world's most important sporting events staged nowadays. Apart from tremendous excitement among football fans, such a major event has a number of other implications, above all of economic nature. This study, as one of the few concerned with the Polish circumstances, is intended to determine what significance should be attributed to stage the Euro 2012 in Polish host cities. aware...

  • PROCESSING, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE STREAMS

    Publication

    - Year 2020

    The recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for the potential methods of their utilization. Nevertheless, for the efficient application of recycled materials it is crucial to analyze their performance. Therefore, in presented paper we investigated the processing (melt flow index),...

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  • The spatial planning of industrial areas in an urbanized area for cargo, in the development of inland waterway transport

    Publication

    - E3S Web of Conferences - Year 2018

    Spatial planning, taking into account the configuration of the surface, i.e. its shape (relief) and the presence and mutual location of objects and points of characteristic water ports, is a derivative of several natural, economic, market, technical, social and political factors. It depends on the destination port, the planned structure of trade in cargo, the forecasted traffic of ships, passageways, the technology of reloading...

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  • The Impact of Concentration on Secors' Output Level in the European Union (1997-2005)

    Publication

    - Year 2010

    This paper examines the impact of concentration on growthof selected 43 sectors within ten European countries over the period of time 1997-2005. We apply system GMM estimator to the extendedversion of production function, including as explanatory variablesindustry specific measures of concentration. We found the relationbetween output and concentration measured by the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to be non-monotonic having...

  • Cryptocurrencies as a speculative asset. How much uncertainty is included in cryptocurrency price?

    Publication

    - Year 2022

    The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between uncertainty indices (Geopolitical Uncertainty Index and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty Index) and cryptocurrencies. In order to conduct research, the authors collected the data on the major cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether, Dogecoin and USD coin) which account for 78% of the total market cap. Using panel OLS regression, this study finds that Bitcoin...

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  • Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Compounds in Food

    Publication

    - Year 2023

    Food is a major environmental human cancer risk factor. One of the reasons for this is that food products contain substances that exhibit mutagenic and carcinogenic potential which may induce the transformation of normal somatic cells into cancerous cells. These compounds occur in food as a result of microbial contaminations (mycotoxins produced by molds), are generated from natural food components upon processing (e.g. heterocyclic...

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  • Missing Puzzle Pieces in Dementia Research: HCN Channels and Theta Oscillations

    Publication

    - Aging and Disease - Year 2024

    Increasing evidence indicates a role of hyperpolarization activated cation (HCN) channels in controlling the resting membrane potential, pacemaker activity, memory formation, sleep, and arousal. Their disfunction may be associated with the development of epilepsy and age-related memory decline. Neuronal hyperexcitability involved in epileptogenesis and EEG desynchronization occur in the course of dementia in human Alzheimer’s Disease...

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  • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bottom sediments: Identification of sources

    Publication

    Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can enter the environment from various sources. They are synthetic chemicals and as such are present in the environment mainly as mixtures containing various amounts of PCB congeners. It is therefore difficult to pinpoint the source of PCB emissions into the environment and the pathways along which they migrate there. The situation is different where locating the emission sources of polycyclic aromatic...

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  • Integration of protein tethering in a rapid and label-free SERS screening platform for drugs of abuse

    Publication

    - CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS - Year 2016

    Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a promising technique for the rapid and ultrasensitive detection of molecular species such as drugs of abuse in biofluids. Yet, it remains a significant challenge to create a viable screening tool for multiple drug classes, owing to the lack of affinity of certain species for the SERS substrate and to the matrix interference in complex media. Here we report a protein tethering...

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  • Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis of Urinary Extracellular Vesicle Proteins as a New Challenge in Laboratory Medicine

    Publication
    • K. Sałaga-zaleska
    • A. Kuchta
    • B. Bzoma
    • G. Chyła-Danił
    • A. Safianowska
    • A. Płoska
    • L. Kalinowski
    • A. Dębska-ślizień
    • M. Jankowski

    - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES - Year 2023

    Urinary extracellular vesicle (uEV) proteins may be used as specific markers of kidney damage in various pathophysiological conditions. The nanoparticle-tracking analysis (NTA) appears to be the most useful method for the analysis of uEVs due to its ability to analyze particles below 300 nm. The NTA method has been used to measure the size and concentration of uEVs and also allows for a deeper analysis of uEVs based on their protein...

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  • Structure and evolution of the 4-helix bundle domain of Zuotin, a J-domain protein co-chaperone of Hsp70

    Publication
    • O. Shrestha
    • R. Sharma
    • B. Tomiczek
    • W. Lee
    • M. Tonelli
    • G. Cornilescu
    • M. Stolarska
    • Ł. Nierzwicki
    • J. Czub
    • J. Markley... and 3 others

    - PLOS ONE - Year 2019

    The J-domain protein Zuotin is a multi-domain eukaryotic Hsp70 co-chaperone. Though it is primarily ribosome-associated, positioned at the exit of the 60S subunit tunnel where it promotes folding of nascent polypeptide chains, Zuotin also has off-ribosome functions. Domains of Zuotin needed for 60S association and interaction with Hsp70 are conserved in eukaryotes. However, whether the 4-helix bundle (4HB) domain is conserved remains...

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  • ICT-driven economic and financial development. Analyses of European countries

    Publication

    - Year 2019

    ICT-Driven Economic and Financial Development: Analyses of European Countries demonstrates the effects of ICT diffusion on economic, social and financial development by examining their impact on the structure and dynamics of national economies. It provides the insight into shifts observed in labour markets, international trade activities productivity factors, education and use of innovative financial products. It combines empirical...

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  • BUDOWA I AKTYWNOŚĆ BIAŁEK NALEŻĄCYCH DO RODZINY TET

    Białka należące do rodziny TET (Tet1, Tet2, Tet3) są enzymami wykazującymi aktywność względem 5-metylocytozyny, która jest ważnym markerem epigenetycznym odgrywającym kluczową rolę w trakcie rozwoju organizmu i mającym istotny wpływ na poziom ekspresji genów. Białka TET przekształcają 5-metylocytozynę do 5-hydroksymetylocytozyny, 5-formylocytozyny i 5-karboksylocytozyny w trakcie następujących po sobie trzech reakcji utleniania....

  • Rynek mocy jako nowy mechanizm rozliczeń w systemie elektroenergetycznym

    Publication

    - Rynek Energii - Year 2019

    W artykule opisano rozliczenia w systemie elektroenergetycznym uzależnione od mocy, związane z gwarancją dostawy energii elektrycznej do systemu. Przedstawiono najważniejsze rynkowe mechanizmy mocowe, skupiając się głównie na rozwiązaniach stosowanych w krajach europejskich. Przedstawiono najważniejsze zasady funkcjonowania rynku mocy w Polsce oraz omówiono wyniki pierwszych aukcji na lata 2021-2023.

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  • PREDICTING CORPORATE BANKRUPTCIES IN POLAND AND LITHUANIA – COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

    Publication

    The research on predicting bankruptcies of enterprises constitutes one of the most important areas of financial management. In developed countries, the first publications on the subject appeared in the early 20th century. The situation is different in the countries of Eastern Europe, which introduced the market system already at the beginning of the 1990s, which resulted in first corporate bankruptcies. The article...

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  • EFFICIENCY OF HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES - THE DEA NETWORK APPROACH

    Healthcare systems in Europe are constantly undergoing reforms which adapt them to social, economic and political requirements. The aim of this article is to examine the efficiency of healthcare systems in 30 European countries in 2014. The Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) model was used. The efficiency of the countries’ overall health systems and their two main components were examined: the public health system and the...

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  • Wireless Charging Station Design for Electric Scooters: Case Study Analysis

    Publication

    - ENERGIES - Year 2024

    This study proposes an example of a wireless charging station design for a small-scale vehicle available on the market. The article analyzes basic transmitter inverter topologies and their compensation methods in terms of flexibility of control, tolerance to uncertainty in positioning, and the possibility of decreasing the integration price. Our comprehensive analysis focuses on the battery voltage range, energy capacity, cost,...

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  • Proces zmiany sprzedawcy energii elektrycznej w Polsce

    Ostatnie kilkanaście lat w polskiej energetyce to okres dynamicznych zmian. Jednym z istotnych przykładów tych przemian jest liberalizacja rynku energii. Wprowadzone, w krajowej energetyce, mechanizmy rynku konkurencyjnego umożliwiają odbiorcom energii m.in. swobodny wybór sprzedawcy energii elektrycznej w formule TPA. W artykule przedstawiony został proces zmiany sprzedawcy bazujący na generalnej umowie dystrybucji (GUD). W trakcie...

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  • Photovoltaic module temperature stabilization with the use of phase change materials

    The worldwide growth of photovoltaics (PVs) has formed an exponential curve for more than four decades. During this period of time, PVs have evolved from a pure niche market of small-scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. The influence of temperature on the electrical parameters of crystalline silicon solar cells and solar modules is well described in the literature. In order to diminish these effects,...

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