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Search results for: OPERATOR ''CAUSAL''
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Creating Dynamic Maps of Noise Threat Using PL-Grid Infrastructure
PublicationThe paper presents functionality and operation results of a system for creating dynamic maps of acoustic noise employing the PL-Grid infrastructure extended with a distributed sensor network. The work presented provides a demonstration of the services being prepared within the PLGrid Plus project for measuring, modeling and rendering data related to noise level distribution in city agglomerations. Specific computational environments,...
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Why are trees still such a major hazard to drivers in Poland?
PublicationRoadside trees are one of Poland's most serious road safety issues. Since 2009 more than 2800 people have been killed as a result of tree collisions; this represents about 15% of all of Poland's accident fatalities between 2009 and 2013. In some of the country's regions striking a tree caused more than 30% of all road accident fatalities. With no proper regulations, guidelines or examples of good practice, roadside environments...
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Selektywne chłodzenie mózgu noworodka po niedotlenieniu okołoporodowym. Cześć 2. Koncepcja hybrydowego systemu selektywnego chłodzenia mózgu noworodka
PublicationMózg ludzki jest organem delikatnym, dlatego tak ważne jest zadbanie o to, aby już w momencie przyjścia na świat noworodek miał zapewnioną, w razie konieczności możliwość minimalizacji uszkodzeń neurologicznych, spowodowanych niedotlenieniem okołoporodowym. Niedotlenienie to w dramatyczny sposób zaburza homeostazę mózgu, który jako organ najbardziej energochłonny potrzebuje najwięcej tlenu. Zapoczątkowane brakiem tlenu procesy...
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Occurrence of Surface Active Agents in the Environment
PublicationDue to the specific structure of surfactants molecules they are applied in different areas of human activity (industry, household). After using and discharging from wastewater treatment plants as effluent stream, surface active agents (SAAs) are emitted to various elements of the environment (atmosphere, waters, and solid phases), where they can undergo numerous physic-chemical processes (e.g., sorption, degradation) and freely...
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ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL REPLACEMENT OF MINERAL OIL WITH ENVIRONMENTALLY ACCEPTABLE LUBRICANTS IN A STERN TUBE BEARING: AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEARING PERFORMANCE
PublicationT his study compares the performance of a plain bearing, with a similar structure to a tail shaft stern bearing, lubricated with either mineral oil or an environmentally acceptable lubricant (EAL). The main characteristic of the bearing is its length/diameter ratio of <1. Measurements are carried out with the bearing operating under loads from 0.5 to 1 MPa and seven speeds ranging from 1 to 11 rev/s. The bearing lubricated...
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Problems of Connecting Wind Farms to the Power System with HV Cables
PublicationThis paper presents problems caused by connecting wind farms to a power system with high voltage cables. The author highlights possible problems with reactive power compensation, depending on the arrangement of the shunt reactor connection and settings of control systems for reactive power and voltage of the wind farm. The paper also discusses issues of increasing active power losses caused by a shunt reactor installation.
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Core loss resistance impact on sensorless speed control of an induction motor using hybrid adaptive sliding mode observer
PublicationInduction motors (IMs) experience power losses when a portion of the input power is converted to heat instead of driving the load. The combined effect of copper losses, core losses, and mechanical losses results in IM power losses. Unfortunately, the core losses in the motor, which have a considerable impact on its energy efficiency, are not taken into account by the generally employed dynamic model in the majority of the studies. Due...
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Modular Approach for Modelling Warming Up Process in Water Installations with Flow-Regulating Elements
PublicationThe paper presents a new method for modelling the warming up process of a water system with elements regulating the flow in a stochastic manner. The paper presents the basic equations describing the work of typical elements which the water installation is composed of. In the proposed method, a new computational algorithm was used in the form of an iterative procedure enabling the use of boundary conditions that can be stochastically...
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Detailed experimental investigations on frictional pressure drop of R134a during flow boiling in 5 mm diameter channel: The influence of acceleration pressure drop component =Études expérimentales détaillées sur la chute de pression frictionnelle du R134a lors de l'ébullition en écoulement dans un canal de 5 mm de diamètre : influence de la composante d'accélération de la chute de pression
PublicationThis article presents detailed two-phase diabatic pressure drop data for refrigerant R134a at a saturation pressure of 5.5 bar corresponding to the saturation temperature of 19.4 °C. Study cases have been set for a mass flux varying from 100 to 500 kg m−2 s−1. The obtained data are used as a validation of the void fraction literature models, a set of graphs shows comparisons, for a representative set of experimental conditions,...
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Natural deep eutectic solvent based ultrasound assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction method for methyl violet dye determination in contaminated river water
PublicationSimple and green natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based ultrasound assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction (UA-LLME) method was developed for extraction and determination of methyl violet dye in contaminated river water samples using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Choline chloride - decanoic acid based natural deep eutectic solvent was used for extraction. Important analytical parameters like pH, deep eutectic solvent volume/phase...
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Problemy określania położenia geograficznego węzłów sieci IP
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono problemy lokalizacji geograficznej węzłów w sieci Internet. Zaproponowano metodologię określania topologii opartą o protokoły ICMP (ping i tracert), serwis WHOIS i DNS. Opracowaną metodologię zastosowano do określenia topologii wybranych sieci operatorów działających na terenie Polski. Przedstawiono wnioski wynikające z przeprowadzonych badań. Wskazano na ograniczenia wynikające ze struktury sieci szkieletowych...
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Biomarkers of alcohol consumption in body fluids - possibilities and limitations of application in toxicological analysis
PublicationEthyl alcohol is the most popular legal drug, but its excessive consumption causes social problems. Despite many public campaigns against alcohol use, car accidents, instances of aggressive behaviour, sexual assaults and deterioration in labor productivity caused by inebriated people is still commonplace. Fast and easy diagnosis of alcohol consumption is required in order to introduce proper and effective therapy, and is crucial...
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Seabed Topography Changes in the Sopot Pier Zone in 2010–2018 Influenced by Tombolo Phenomenon
PublicationBathymetric surveys of the same body of water, performed at regular intervals, apart from updating the geospatial information used to create paper and electronic maps, allow for several additional analyses, including an evaluation of geomorphological changes occurring in the coastal zone. This research is particularly important in places where the shape of the coastal zone has been violently disturbed, including by human activity....
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The process generation of WWTP models for optimization of activated sludge systems
PublicationThe objective of water and wastewater utilities, which are responsible for optimization of wastewater treatment plant operation, is threefold: environmental protection, saving money, and mitigation of pollutant emissions, both to water and air. The performed study aimed to assess the process generation of WWTP models that improve activated sludge systems operation, by means of new developed Mantis2 model. This model accounts for...
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Application of ionic liquids in electronic nose instruments
PublicationAmong many applications in different fields of science and technology the ionic liquids (ILs) are also utilised in chemical sensors yielding improvement of their operation parameters (Buzzeo, 2004; Wei and Ivaska, 2008; Silvester, 2011; Gebicki et al., 2013). Some of these chemical sensors are the components of the devices, which resemble human sense of smell as far as their operation is concerned. These devices are named electronic...
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5G/6G optical fronthaul modeling: cost and energy consumption assessment
PublicationIn fifth generation (5G) and the future beyond 5G (6G) radio access networks (RANs), the cost of fronthaul deployment is a main challenge for mobile network operators. Depending on different constraints, there are various solutions to deploy an efficient fronthaul. Fiber-optic-based fronthaul offers long-term support with regard to a rapid increase in capacity demands. When fiber connections, either point-to-point (P2P) or point-to-multipoint...
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Modelling of Different Aeration Modes Influencing Processes in SBR Bioreactor
PublicationCurrently, computer modelling together with the simulation tools tailored for that purpose constitute a very important element in planning technological changes within wastewater treatment plant. From the point of view of the WWTP operator every modification should be introduced in order to improve the quality of treated sewage with the lowest financial outlays. These requirements can be met by using computer programmes to effectuate...
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Explicit and implicit difefrence methods for quasilinear first order partial functional differential equations.
PublicationInitial boundary value problems of the Dirichlet type for quasilinear functional differential equations are considered. Explicit difference schemes of the Euler type and implicit difference methods are investigated. Suffcient conditions for the convergence of approximate solutions are given and comparisons of the methods are presented. It is proved that assumptions on the regularity of given functions are the same for both classes...
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Note on the variance of the sum of gaussian functonals
PublicationDowodzi się oszacowania wariancji sum funkcjonałów losowych, konstruowanych dla zależnego ciągu gaussowskiego.Let (Xi; i = 1; 2; : : :) be a Gaussian sequence with Xi 2 N(0; 1) for each i and suppose its correlation matrix R = (ij)i;j1 is the matrix of some linear operator R : l2 ! l2. Then for fi 2 L 2(), i = 1; 2; : : : ; where is the standard normal distribution, we estimate the variation of the sum of the Gaussian functionals...
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Direct estimation of linear and nonlinear functionals of quantum state
PublicationWe present a simple quantum network, based on the controlled-SWAP gate, that can extract certain properties of quantum states without recourse to quantum tomography. It can be used as a basic building block for direct quantum estimations of both linear and nonlinear functionals of any density operator. The network has many potential applications ranging from purity tests and eigenvalue estimations to direct characterization of...
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Digital Innovations and Smart Solutions for Society And Economy: Pros and Cons
PublicationRecent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) may involve significant potential threats to personal data privacy, national security, and social and economic stability. AI-based solutions are often promoted as “intelligent” or “smart” because they are autonomous in optimizing various processes. Be-cause they can modify their behavior without human supervision by analyzing data from the environ-ment, AI-based systems may be...
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Improving performance of large thrust bearings through modeling and experimentation
PublicationLarge thrust bearings are highly loaded machine elements and their failures cause serious losses. Start ups and stoppages of the bearing under load are specially critical regimes of operation. Load carrying capacity depends on the profile of the oil gap. In transient states this profile is also changing. In the design of large thrust bearings minimizing thermo-elastic deformations is an important goal, which can be accomplished...
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Dirichlet-to-Neumann and Neumann-to-Dirichlet embedding methods for bound states of the Schrodinger equation.
PublicationPrzeformułowano metodę Inglesfielda, stosowaną do obliczania własności stanów związanych równania Schrodingera, stosując formalizm operatorów całkowych Dirichleta-do-Neumanna(DtN) i Neumanna-do-Dirichleta (NtD). Wykorzystano zasady wariacyjne dla energii dopuszczające użycie funkcji próbnych nieciągłych wraz z pochodnymi. Podano metodę konstrukcji jąder operatorów DtN i NtD za pomocą rozwiązań zagadnienia własnego typu Steklova....
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Multimode systems of nonlinear equations: derivation, integrability, and numerical solutions
PublicationWe consider the propagation of electromagnetic pulses in isotropic media taking a third-order nonlinearityinto account. We develop a method for transforming Maxwell's equations based on a complete set ofprojection operators corresponding to wave-dispersion branches (in a waveguide or in matter) with thepropagation direction taken into account. The most important result of applying the method is a systemof equations describing the...
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Design and testing of a radial-axial microturbine for domestic applications
PublicationIn the paper presented is a new design of the radial-axial microturbine of 3-4kW capacity for operation with ethanol as working fluid
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Simplified Distribution Grid Modelling for Connection Analyses
PublicationThis paper considers the modelling of medium and low voltage grids for the purpose of connection studies by distribution grid operators. Possible simplifications in grid modelling are discussed, which are acceptable from the viewpoint of the final result. The main driver of the modelling simplification is the MS Excel environment used as the computation platform, and the limitation of time for grid modelling.
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An application for a new type of pneumatic engine concept
PublicationHeavy trucks are often equipped with loading and unloading systems like dock levellers with swing lip or telescopic lip. Most of these devices require hydro-electrical energy supply systems (eg. the pump that presses the working substance to the actuators must be propelled by electric engine.) The space taken by pump with electric engine can be reduced on condition that a new type of pneumatic drive will be considered. It is possible...
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Broken rotor symptoms in the sensorless control of induction machine
PublicationThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the need for a universal method for sensorless controlled induction motor drive diagnosis. The increasing number of sensorless control systems in industrial applications require a universal method for the drive diagnosis, which provides reliable diagnostic reasoning independent of control system structure and state variables measurement or estimation method.Simulations and experimental...
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Large hydrodynamic thrust bearing: Comparison of the calculations and measurements
PublicationHydrodynamic thrust bearings, used to carry axial loads in heavily loaded shafts of water power plants hydro turbines, can reach outer diameters even exceeding 5 m. In such large objects scale effect could be observed. According to this, allowable bearing specific load assuring safe operation of the bearings has to be decreased, which increases thrust bearing dimensions. This effect is caused by excessive thermal deflections of...
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Broadband communication solutions for maritime ITSs: Wider and faster deployment of new e-navigation services
Publicationn its initial part, the paper presents an overview of popular technologies and systems currently developed or employed in maritime communication. These solutions are used to provide both ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication for the purpose of supporting specific services, often dedicated to maritime safety and e-navigation. Utility of such communication systems have been thoroughly verified over the years and their strengths...
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INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE IN “SACRIFICE ZONES”. THE POTENTIAL OF BOCAMINA I & II THERMOELECTRIC IN CORONEL, CHILE
PublicationThis work aims to present the recovery potential of the Chilean Sacrifice Zones, urban areas affected by high amounts of pollution caused by industrial activities. It centers in the case of “Bocamina I & II”, two Thermoelectric based in the city of Coronel, southern Chile. A settlement historically related to the mining processes. These plants operated for decades supplying the national energy grid and are seen as both symbols...
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The oil film parameters of the wankel engine apex seal in aspects of durability of mating elements
PublicationThe Wankel engine is one of only few alternatives to the reciprocating engines. The advantages such as good value of maximum engine power to its mass ratio are still present and can have great sense in selected fields of application, for example General Aviation. Nevertheless the disadvantages of the Wankel engine design have never lost its importance and still pose an obstacle to wider use of the Wankel engine. One of the main...
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Exploring DAD and ADD Methods for Dealing with Urban Heat Island Effect
PublicationThe Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in the context of climate change and temperature fluctuations is an increasing challenge for contemporary cities. Numerous activities focus on mitigation and adaptation to the UHI effect using both appropriately selected design strategies and technological solutions. However, not all of these technologies support the postulates of ecological and low-carbon cities. Their design, implementation,...
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Assessment of Environmental Loads in the Life Cycle of a Retail and Service Building
PublicationIn order to achieve the European Union’s climate and energy goals, investments are required, mainly in the areas of energy efficiency, renewable energy sources and infrastructure. Buildings are responsible for almost half of total energy consumption, and nearly 80% of them are energy and ecologically inefficient. The policy of European countries is increasingly more focused on facilities with the highest potential in the areas...
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A model development and experimental verification for a vapour microturbine with a permanent magnet synchronous generator
PublicationVapour microturbines with permanent magnet synchronous generators are implemented in micropower plants for dispersed power generation systems. The dynamic model of such a microturbine set was developed and presented. The developed relations result from the generic equations. Experimental data for two different working medium were used for model verification. A microturbine set model was tested during the changes in the parameters...
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Softly Switched Robustly Feasible Model Predictive Control for Nonlinear Network Systems
PublicationIt is common that an efficient constrained plant operation under full range of disturbance inputs require meeting different sets of control objectives. This calls for application of model predictive controllers each of them being best fit into specific operating conditions. It further requires that not only designing robustly feasible model predictive controllers is needed to satisfy the real plant state/output constraints, but...
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Multiobjective Water Distribution Systems Control of Pumping Cost, Water Quality, and Storage-Reliability Constraints
PublicationThis work describes a multiobjective model for trading-off pumping cost and water quality for water distribution systems operation. Constraints are imposed on flows and pressures, on periodical tanks operation, and on tanks storage. The methodology links the multiobjective SPEA2 algorithm with EPANET, and is applied on two example applications of increasing complexity, under extended period simulation conditions and variable energy...
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Five-phase induction motor drive with sine-wave filter
PublicationThe paper presents closed loop ac drive with 5 phase induction motor operating with voltage source inverter and sine wave filter. The motor supply voltages and currents have sinusoidal shape. For well known adjustable electric drives the field oriented control method with flux and speed co ntrol can be applied. In the presence of output filter both control and estimation algorithms should be modified due to sine wave filter installation....
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Potential and limits of landfill leachate treatment in a multi-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland – evaluation of organics and nitrogen removal
PublicationConstructed wetlands have potential of treating wastewater of poor biodegradability. The performance of a multistage sub-surface flow wetland treating municipal landfill leachate was assessed during three years of operation. During the study three research periods with different operation conditions were established. The hydralic loads, operation mode of vertical flow beds and type of treated wastewater (raw leachate – leachate...
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Reducible representations of CAR and CCR with possible applications to field quantization.
PublicationRedukowalne reprezentacje CAR i CCR zastosowane są do drugiej kwantyzacji pól Diraca i Maxwella. Powstające w ten sposób operatory pola są rzeczywiście operatorami, a nie dystrybucjami o wartościach operatorowych. Przykłady pokazują, że formalizm taki może prowadzić do skończonej teorii pola.
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Kobieta ciężarna i alkohol-toksyczny związek. Smółka noworodków jako materiał w diagnostyce spożywania alkoholu w czasie ciąży
PublicationKażda ilość alkoholu spożyta przez ciężarną kobietę może spowodować poronienie, przedwczesny poród, patologię łożyska, zahamowanie wzrostu wewnątrzmacicznego płodu i wystąpienie licznych wad wrodzonych wywołanych alkoholem, określanych wspólnie mianem spektrum płodowych zaburzeń alkoholowych - FASD. Mogą one objawiać się zaburzeniami psychicznymi i/lub fizycznymi. Współczesna diagnostyka u noworodków zespołu FASD opiera się najczęściej...
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Sensorless five-phase induction motor drive with third harmonic injection and inverter output filter
PublicationThe paper presents a sensorless control approach for a five-phase induction motor drive with third harmonic injection and inverter output filter. In the case of the third harmonic injection being utilised in the control, the physical machine has to be divided into two virtual machines that are controlled separately and independently. The control system structure is presented in conjunction with speed and rotor flux observers that...
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Transmission Protocol Simulation Framework For The Resource-Constrained Wireless Sensor Network
PublicationIn this paper a prototype framework for simulation of wireless sensor network and its protocols are presented. The framework simulates operation of a sensor network with data transmission, which enables simultaneous development of the sensor network software, its hardware and the protocols for wireless data transmission. An advantage of using the framework is converging simulation with the real software. Instead of creating...
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Intelligent turbogenerator controller based on artifical neural network
PublicationThe paper presents a desing of an intelligent controller based on neural network (ICNN). The ICNN ensures at the same time two fundamental functions : the maintaining of generator voltage at the desired value and the damping of the electromechanical oscillations. Its performance is evaluted on a single machine infinite bus power system through computer simulations. The dynamic and transient operation of the proposed controller...
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Interferometric Sensor of Wavelength Detuning Using a Liquid Crystalline Polymer Waveplate
PublicationOperation of a polarization interferometer for measurement of the wavelength changes of a tunable semiconductor laser was investigated. A lambda/8 waveplate made from liquid crystalline polymer is placed in one of interferometers’ arms in order to generate two output signals in quadrature. Wavelength was measured with resolution of 2 pm in the wavelength range 628–635 nm. Drift of the interferometer, measured in the period of 500...
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Political relations between Poland and the Republic of Azerbaijan
PublicationPoland was one of the first countries to recognize the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan. However, the political co-operation between the two countries was established only at the end of the last decade of the 20th century, during the presidency of Aleksander Kwaśniewski. The next Polish president – Lech Kaczyński – intending to diversify the energy sources, maintained political relations between Poland and the Republic...
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Eksperymenty z zastosowanie algorytmów genetycznych do problemu kolorowania grafów
PublicationNiniejsza praca przedstawia wykorzystanie algorytmów genetycznych (AG) do problemu kolorowania wierzchołków grafu (GCP). Przeprowadzono szereg symulacji mających na celu porównanie skuteczności operatorów krzyżownia, mutacji i selekcji oraz sposobu generacji i parametrów populacji. Uzyskane wyniki pokazały znaczną przewagę operatorów korzystających z wiedzy o problemie nad operatorami losowymi. Dla wybranej konfiguracji algorytmu...
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Diagnosis of damages in family buildings using neural networks
PublicationThe article concerns a problem of damages in family buildings, which result from traffic-induced vibrations. These vibrations arise from various causes and their size is influenced by many factors. The most important is the type of a road, type and weight of vehicles that run on the road, type and condition of the road surface, the distance from the house to the source of vibrations and many others which should be taken into account....
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Review of the determination of modern used pesticides in water samples
PublicationThe increasingly widespread application of pesticides causes that larger amounts of them are entering the environment. Their presence in sources of drinking water, essential to life, is a particular danger. For these reasons it is important to monitor and analyse pesticide residues in the environment. The analysis of environmental samples for the presence of pesticides is very difficult. Firstly, the processes involved in sample...
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Diagnostyka łożysk silnika indukcyjnego na podstawie prądu zasilającego przy użyciu sztucznych sieci neuronowych
PublicationW artykule zawarto wyniki badań dotyczące diagnostyki łożysk silnika indukcyjnego na podstawie pomiarów prądu zasilającego z wyko-rzystaniem sztucznych sieci neuronowych. Zaprezentowano wyniki uczenia sieci oraz rezultaty testów przeprowadzonych na danych spoza zbioru uczącego. Badania wykonane zostały na obiektach z celowo wprowadzonymi uszkodzeniami łożysk. Przedstawiona nowa koncepcja zakłada użycie zestawu sieci neuronowych...