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Search results for: transparent concrete
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Experimental and numerical assessment of size effect in geometrically similar slender concrete beams with basalt reinforcement
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono doświadczalne i numeryczne wyniki badań efektu skali w geometrycznie podobnych smukłych belkach betonowych ze zbrojeniem bazaltowym. Doświadczenia zostały symulowane stosując metodę elementów skończonych w oparciu o model sprężysto-plastyczny z degradacją sztywności i nielokalnym osłabieniem. Otrzymano dobrą zgodność wyników doświadczalnych z numerycznymi.
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An elasto-plastic constitutive model with non-local softening and viscosity to describe dynamic concrete behaviour.
PublicationW artykule zaproponowano model do opisu betonu podczas dynamicznego obciążenia. Przyjęto model sprężysto-plastyczny z degradacją sztywności i nielokalnym osłabieniem rozszerzony o lepkość. Obliczenia MES dla elementów betonowych pod obciążeniem dynamicznym o różnej prędkości obciążenia porównano z doświadczeniami.
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Two - scale model for concrete beams subjected to three point bending - numerical analyses and experiments
PublicationArtykuł omawia dwu-skalowe podejście do betonu przy wykorzystaniu połączonych modeli. Metodę elementów skończonych zastosowano na poziomie makro. Na poziomie mikro zastosowano metodę elementów dyskretnych. Macierz sztywności wyznaczono na podstawie tensora naprężeń wyznaczonego w skali mikro. Wyniki numeryczne dw-skalowe porównano z wynikami dyskretnymi dla całego obszaru.
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Experimental Investigations of Fracture Process Using DIC in Plain and Reinforced Concrete Beams under Bending
PublicationThe fracture behaviour of concrete and reinforced concrete beams under quasi-static three-point bending was comprehensively investigated with experiments at laboratory scale. The eight various concrete mixes were tested. The influence of the shape, volume and size of aggregate particles and reinforcement on concrete fracture under bending was studied. Displacements on the surface of concrete beams were measured by means of the...
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Comparative DEM calculations of fracture process in concrete considering real angular and artificial spherical aggregates
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki obliczeń numerycznych pękania dla betonu stosując metodę elementów dyskretnych (DEM). Beton był opisany jako materiał 4-fazowy i był poddany zginaniu. Zbadano wpływ kształtu kruszywa na proces pekania i na zalezność obciązenia od ugięcia. Wyniki dwuwymiarowe i trzywymiarowe porównano bezpośrednio z doświadczeniami. Wyniki pokazały duzy wpływ kształtu kruszywa na wyniki numeryczne.
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Seawater-mixed concretes containing natural and sea sand aggregates – A review
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Evaluation of thermal cracking probability for asphalt concretes with high percentage of RAP
PublicationThe paper presents determination of the probability of thermal cracking of asphalt mixtures with different reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content on the basis of laboratory tests and analytical evaluation using thermal stress development method. Probability was evaluated taking into consideration: the type and gradation of the mixture and the quality and content of RAP. Thermal stresses were determined using two models: elastic and...
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The Influence of Silica Fume on the Mechanical and Thermal Parameters of Portland Cement Concretes
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Retrofit analysis of florida beam-and-post reinforced concreta bridge barriers
PublicationTematem pracy jest analiza przebiegu kolizji drogowych w przypadku najechania rozpędzonego pojazdu na betonową barierę mostową typu "Florida beam-and-post". Przedstawiono podstawy konstruowania modelu obliczeniowego do komputerowej symulacji zderzenia przy wykorzystaniu systemu LS-Dyna. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników sformułowano zalecenia ewentualnych modyfikacji istniejących barier w celu poprawienia ich własności.
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THE RISE OF FISCAL OPACITY IN POLAND IN THE ERA OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
PublicationResearch background: The quality of information provided by the fiscal authorities and the correct flow of this information between them and the society are very important especially in times of crisis, when there is an imbalance in public finances and an increasing public debt. Ensuring fiscal transparency (transparency of public finances) reduces fiscal risk and corruption and supports public acceptance of fiscal reforms. Purpose...
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Influence of low-temperature physical hardening on stiffness and tensile strength of asphalt concrete and stone mastic asphalt
PublicationThis paper presents laboratory testing of stiffness modulus and indirect tensile strength of three asphalt concrete (AC) and three stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixes after isothermal storage at temperature of -20oC, at different time intervals up to 16 days. The tests under repeated dynamic loading showed physical hardening of all tested mixes which was manifested by an evident increase of their stiffness moduli after isothermal...
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Electrochemical investigations on the corrosion behaviour of reinforcing steel in diatomite- and zeolite-containing concrete exposed to sulphuric acid
PublicationCorrosion is a major concern for most structural applications. Its detrimental effect significantly reduces the life of metallic components. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of corrosion in the steel reinforcement of concrete samples having three different substituents: 20% diatomite, 20% zeolite, and a reference without zeolite or diatomite. All concrete specimens were subjected to a solution of...
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Method of selective fading as a educational tool to study the behaviour of prestressed concrete elements under excess loading
PublicationPrestressed structures are a key to realization of the boldest architectural ideas, characteristic feature of prestressed structure is better use of concrete material properties by insertion of internal forces. Learning about pre-stressed reinforced concrete structures is an integral part of Graduate Studies Program in construction engineering. Know-how of geometry change patterns in prestressed concrete elements under certain...
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Accuracy improvement of the prestressed concrete structures precise geometry assessment by use of bubble micro-sampling algorithm
PublicationPrestressed concrete structures are well-known technology for a vast period, but nevertheless, this very technology is a leading solution, currently used in construction industry. Prestressed concrete structures have a huge advantage over conventional methods because it uses the properties of concrete in a very efficient way. The main idea behind this technology is to introduce into the cross-section of the structure, the internal...
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Experimental validation of the use of energy transfer ratio (ETR) for damage diagnosis of steel-concrete composite beams
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublicationThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-off adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by...
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Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concrete: A Critical Review of the Short-Term Properties
PublicationThe huge demand for concrete is predicted to upsurge due to rapid construction developments. Environmental worries regarding the large amounts of carbon dioxide emanations from cement production have resulted in new ideas to develop supplemental cementing materials, aiming to decrease the cement volume required for making concrete. Palm-oil-fuel-ash (POFA) is an industrial byproduct derived from palm oil waste’s incineration in...
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Characterization of fracture process in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete using ultrasonic waves and digital image correlation
PublicationThis study explores the monitoring of the fracture process in concrete beams and aims to characterize the evolution of damage in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete beams by utilizing the integrated application of two measurement techniques, digital image correlation and ultrasonic testing. The interpretation of registered wave time histories data was provided by the calculation of the magnitude-phase-composite metrics. An efficient...
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Investigations of size effect in concrete at aggregate level - experiments and calculations results using discrete element method
PublicationSize effect is a fundamental phenomenon in concrete. It is characterised by decreasing strength and increasing brittleness of concrete with increasing size. The thesis includes experimental and theoretical elements. The main goal of the thesis were investigations of a size effect at the aggregate level by taking fracture into account with the discrete element method (DEM) for various failure modes. Comprehensive experiments on...
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A pin-on-disc study of airborne wear particle emissions from studded tyre on concrete road contacts
PublicationStudded tyres wear surfaces of winter roads, generating inhalable airborne particles. In this study, four concrete road materials and two stud geometries were investigated in terms of wear, road material hardness and airborne particle concentration. The sliding contact between studded tyres and road materials was studied using a pin-on-disc machine in a clean chamber. The results show that the normal load and the stud size have...
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The use of a two-phase Monte Carlo material model to reflect the dispersion of asphalt concrete fracture parameters
PublicationThe work covers comprehensive laboratory tests of semi-circular bending (SCB) of asphalt concrete samples. The results of two test series, including four and 32 SCB specimens, indicate a substantial scatter of force–deflection (F-d) histories. The numerical analysis is aimed to reflect the maximum breaking load and fracture energy of the samples, pointing out their random character. The original simulation-based fictitious Monte...
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Examination of advanced isotropic constitutive laws under complex stress states in plain and reinforced concrete specimens
PublicationThe performance of advanced isotropic constitutive laws under complex stress states in plain and reinforced concrete specimens is investigated. Three different formulations are chosen: original Mazars model, Mazars mi model and model proposed by Pereira and coworkers. The degradation of the material in all formulations is described via a single variable, but a strain/stress state is taken into account via quite sophisticated relationships....
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Prediction of fracture toughness in fibre-reinforced concrete, mortar, and rocks using various Machine learning techniques
PublicationMachine Learning (ML) method is widely used in engineering applications such as fracture mechanics. In this study, twenty different ML algorithms were employed and compared for the prediction of the fracture toughness and fracture load in modes I, II, and mixed-mode (I-II) of various materials, including fibre-reinforced concrete, cement mortar, sandstone, white travertine, marble, and granite. A set of 401 specimens of “Brazilian...
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A study on microcrack monitoring in concrete: discrete element method simulations of acoustic emission for non-destructive diagnostics
PublicationThe research is focused on the monitoring of fracture evolution in concrete beams under three-point bending using the acoustic emission technique and the discrete element method. The main objective of the study was to numerically and experimentally investigate the mechanism behind the generation of elastic waves during acoustic emission events and their interaction with micro- and macro-cracking in concrete beams under monotonic...
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Chained machine learning model for predicting load capacity and ductility of steel fiber–reinforced concrete beams
PublicationOne of the main issues associated with steel fiber–reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams is the ability to anticipate their flexural response. With a comprehensive grid search, several stacked models (i.e., chained, parallel) consisting of various machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed to predict the flexural response of SFRC beams. The flexural performance of SFRC beams under bending was...
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Non-Destructive Diagnostics of Concrete Beams Strengthened with Steel Plates Using Modal Analysis and Wavelet Transform
PublicationExternally bonded reinforcements are commonly and widely used in civil engineering objects made of concrete to increase the structure load capacity or to minimize the negative effects of long-term operation and possible defects. The quality of adhesive bonding between a strengthened structure and steel or composite elements is essential for effective reinforcement; therefore, there is a need for non-destructive diagnostics of adhesive...
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Textile reinforced concrete members subjected to tension, bending, and in-plane loads: Experimental study and numerical analyses
PublicationTextile reinforced concrete has raised increasing research interest during the last years, mainly due to its potential to be used for freeform shell structures involving complex load situations. Yet, most experimental work has focused on test setups with primarily uniaxial loading. In the current work, such setups are complemented with a novel test setup of deep beams, including in-plane bending and shear. Further, nonlinear finite...
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublicationThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four Different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-of adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by cyclic...
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Improving Thermal Insulation Properties for Prefabricated Wall Components Made of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete with Open Structure
PublicationPorous concrete is commonly used in civil engineering due to its good thermal insulation properties in comparison with normal concrete and high compression strength in comparison with other building materials. An extremely porous concrete, called ‘lightweight aggregate concrete with open structure’ (LAC), is used in some German plants to produce prefabricated wall components. They are used mainly in hall buildings, e.g. supermarkets....
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Load-carrying capacity of axially loaded concrete-filled steel tubular columns made of thin tubes
PublicationAn experimental investigation was conducted on 30 CFST columns. An influence of the following factors on load-carrying capacity of the investigated columns was analyzed: the column slenderness (l1 = 42, l2 = 27 and l3 = 15), the tube thickness (the reinforcement ratio was equal to 4% or 6%), the way of applying the load to CFST columns (through the concrete core or through the entire cross-section), the bond strength between a...
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Assessment of Failure Occurrence Rate for Concrete Machine Foundations Used in Gas and Oil Industry by Machine Learning
PublicationConcrete machine foundations are structures that transfer loads from machines in operation to the ground. The design of such foundations requires a careful analysis of the static and dynamic effects caused by machine exploitation. There are also other substantial differences between ordinary concrete foundations and machine foundations, of which the main one is that machine foundations are separated from the building structure....
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Flexural behaviour of concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars in experiments and according to aci ACI 440.1R guide
PublicationThe paper presents research conducted on two concrete slabs reinforced with the carbon composite bars and two other concrete slabs reinforced with basalt composite bars. The carbon bars were plain, while the basalt ones were ribbed. The slabs were experimentally investigated in the flexural state of effort with the concentrated forces applied. The results are compared with the analytical solution proposed in the guide ACI 440.1R-06...
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Prediction of cast-in-place concrete strength of the extradosed bridge deck based on temperature monitoring and numerical simulations
PublicationThe work is devoted to the implementation of a monitoring system for high performance concrete embedded in the span of an extradosed bridge deck using a modified maturity method augmented by numerical simulations conducted by the authors’ FEM code. The paper presents all research stages of bridge construction and considers the conclusions drawn from the results of laboratory tests, field measurements, and numerical calculations....
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Composite Beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete - early stage of a theorethical and experimental analysis of a shear zone
PublicationThe aim of this article is to present a forgoing preparation for a theoretical and experimental analysis of a shear zone of a composite beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete. Authors present their current knowledge, achievements and predicted challenges in later stages of the research. Properties of component materials are presented in the context of compensating weaknesses of one material with strengths of the...
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Modeling, simulation, and validation of a TB41 crash test of the H2/W5/B concrete vehicle restraint system
PublicationThe paper addresses numerical simulations of a concrete vehicle restraint system. The model is described in detail. The advanced material law of the continuous surface cap model was used to analyze the damage locations in concrete barrier segments. The results were validated against the TB41 full-scale crash test. The test was conducted in compliance with European standard EN 1317, and the validation was performed in accordance...
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Detection of debonding in reinforced concrete beams using ultrasonic transmission tomography and hybrid ray tracing technique
PublicationThis paper concerns inspection of reinforced concrete elements, with particular emphasis on assessing the quality of the adhesive connection between steel and concrete. A novel theoretical model was developed to determine the paths of transmitted, refracted and reflected elastic waves as well as a creeping wave propagated along the inclusion surface. Imaging the internal structure of tested beams was based on wave propagation measurements...
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Badania eksploatacyjne żelbetonu podczas realizacji ochrony katodowej. Investigations of cathodic protection of exposed reinforced concrete
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań realizacji ochrony katodowej stalowego zbrojenia betonu. Jako anodę zastosowano powłokę ochronną charakteryzującą się wysokim przewodnictwem elektrycznym. Podczas ekspozycji wykonywano pomiary potencjału powłok, który odzwierciedla zmiany rezystancji elektrycznej. Powłoki zawierające niskie zawartości grafitu charakteryzują się wysokimi rezystancjami rosnącymi podczas realizacji ochrony, ponadto w stosunku...
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FE-analysis of the beaviour of concrete elements with coupled elasto-plastic-damage models with non-local softening
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki symulacji zachowania sie elementów betonowych poddanych cyklicznemu obciążeniu. Do symulacji zastosowano połączone modele sprężysto-plastyczne z degradacją sztywności i z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Wyniki symulacji porównano z doswiadczeniami.
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FE-modelling of concrete behaviour under mixed mode conditions with non-local and cohesive constitutive models.
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki symulacji rys zaokrąglonych w elementach betonowych w warunkach mieszanego sposobu obciążenia. Symulacje wykonano przy zastosowaniu modelu rys kohezyjnych i modeli mechaniki ośrodka ciągłego z nielokalnym osłabieniem.. Wyniki symulacji porównano z doświadczeniami.
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Analysis of concrete behaviour under cycling within coupled elasto-plastic-damage with non-local softening
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki symulacji zachowania sie elementów betonowych poddanych cyklicznemu obciążeniu. Do symulacji zastosowano 3 połączone modele sprężysto-plastyczne z degradacją sztywności i z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Wyniki symulacji porównano z doświadczeniami laboratoryjnymi..
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Calculations of fracture process zones on meso-scale in notched concrete beams subjected to three-point bending.
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki numeryczne MES modelowanie belek betonowych z nacięciem na poziomie skali mezo. Beton został opisany na poziomie skali mezo jako stochastyczny materiał 3-składnikowy złożony z kruszywa, zaczynu cementowego oraz stref kontaktu. Obliczenia wykonano przy wykorzystaniu modelu degradacji sztywności z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Zbadano wpływ stochastycznego rozkładu kruszywa, średnicy, kształtu oraz zagęszczenia...
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Application of enhanced elasto-plastic damage models to concrete under quasi-static and dynamic cyclic loading
PublicationArtykuł omawia wyniki symulacji zachowania sie elementów betonowych poddanych zginaniu w czasie cyklicznego obciążenia. Do symulacji zastosowano 3 połączone modele sprężysto-plastyczne z degradacją sztywności i z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Wyniki symulacji porównano bezpośrednio z doświadczeniami.
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FE analysis of a coupled energetic-statistical size effect in plain concrete beams with varying material properties.
PublicationThe numerical FE investigations of a coupled energetic-statistical size effect in unnotched concrete beams of similar geometry under quasi-static three point bending were performed within elasto-plasticity with non-local softening. The stochastic FE analyses were carried out with three different beam sizes. Deterministic calculations were performed with the uniform distribution of a uniaxial tensile strength. In statistical calculations...
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Modelling reinforced concrete beams under mixed shear-tension failure with different continuous FE approaches
PublicationThe paper presents quasi-static numerical simulations of the behaviour of short reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement under mixed shear-tension failure using the FEM and four various constitutive continuum models for concrete. First, an isotropic elasto-plastic model with a Drucker-Prager criterion defined in compression and with a Rankine criterion defined in tension was used. Next, an anisotropic smeared crack...
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Parametric FE studies on a coupled energetic-statistical size effect in plain concrete beams under bending
PublicationW artykule omówiono wyniki połączonego deterministyczno-statystycznego efektu skali w betonowych belkach podczas zginania. Obliczenia wykonano stosując MES w zakresie sprężysto-plastyczności z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Obliczenia wykonano dla różnych długości korelacji i współczynnika zmienności.
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Comparison of continuous and discontinuous constitutive models to simulate concrete behaviour under mixed mode failure conditions
PublicationW artykule porównano modele MES ciągłe i nieciągłe do symulacji zachowania betonu w warunkach mieszanego zniszczenia. W ramach modeli ciągłych zastosowano modele sprężysto-plastyczne oraz modele z redukcją sztywności sprężystej i nielokalnym osłabieniem. W ramach modeli nieciągłych zastosowano XFEM. Przedmiotem obliczeń były strefy lokalizacji i rysy w warunkach mieszanego zniszczenia wg testu doświadczalnego Nooru-Mohameda.
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Modelling of reinforced concrete beams under mixed shear-tension failure with different continuous FE approaches
PublicationW artykule omówiono wyniki modelowania numerycznego MES zachowania się wysokich belek żelbetowych podczas zniszczenia mieszanego ścinanie-rozciąganie. Obliczenia wykonano stosując różne modele dla betonu rozszerzone o długość charakterystyczną mikrostruktury w oparciu o teorie nielokalna. Otrzymano dobrą zgodność z wynikami doświadczalnymi.
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Coupled DEM/CFD analysis of impact of free water on the static and dynamic response of concrete in tension regime
PublicationW tym artykule zbadano numerycznie quasi-statyczne i dynamiczne zachowanie częściowo nasyconego płynem betonu w warunkach dwuwymiarowego (2D) jednoosiowego rozciągania w mezoskali. Obliczono, jaki wpływ ma zawartość wolnego płynu porowego (gazu i wody) na proces pękania i wytrzymałość betonu w rozciąganiu. Do symulacji zachowania betonu całkowicie i częściowo nasyconego płynem w warunkach quasi-statycznych i dynamicznych wykorzystano...
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Modelling of Capillary Pressure-driven Water Flow in Unsaturated Concrete Using Coupled DEM/CFD Approach.
PublicationSformułowano nowatorskie, połączone podejście do modelowania dwufazowego przepływu wody napędzanego kapilarami w nienasyconym betonie. Dzięki połączeniu metody elementów dyskretnych (DEM) z obliczeniową dynamiką płynów (CFD) w warunkach izotermicznych proces został zbadany numerycznie w mezoskali w warunkach dwuwymiarowych. Niewielkie próbki betonu o uproszczonej mezostrukturze cząstek poddano w pełni sprzężonym hydromechanicznym...
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Investigations on fracture in reinforced concrete beams in 3-point bending using continuous micro-CT scanning
PublicationThis study explores a fracture process in rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to quasi-static three-point bending. RC beams were short and long with included longitudinal reinforcement in the form of a steel or basalt bar. The ratio of the shear span to the effective depth was 1.5 and 0.75. The focus was on the load–deflection diagram and crack formation. Three-dimensional (3D) analyses of the size and distribution...