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Search results for: Ekman circulation
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Energy losses reduction in the medium voltage cable line – case study
PublicationThe paper presents an analysis of energy losses in a power cable system, which is composed of two 30 kV cable lines. This cable system is located at the seaside holiday area, so the load profile during a year is specific. Energy losses related to reactive power transmission, as well as to currents induced in the sheaths of the cables, are subject to analysis. Measurements were made in the system in order to prepare a computer model...
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Evaluation Of Single Pole Auto-Reclosing Effectiveness With Nonlinear Secondary Arc Model
PublicationThe paper discusses two evaluation methods of single pole auto-reclosing process effectiveness in HV transmission lines. Secondary arc current and recovery voltage results obtained by load flow calculation are compared to the results obtained by the time domain simulations. Moreover, a non-linear secondary arc implementation is presented. The authors indicate, that precise representation of secondary electric arc leads to more...
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Simplified Method of Modelling Behaviour of Ship in Waves with Partially Flooded Compartments
PublicationThis paper contains a description of a numerical model for calculating behaviour of ships in waves. There are many models available, but the one described here can be characterised with a set of parameters that have a decisive impact on the final values of roll motion amplitude and frequency. In this paper, it is shown how a fitting of a standard-shape hull characterised by certain readily available parameters affects...
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Methods of determination of C coefficient for period of rolling vessel in calm water for example of pax cargo ship
PublicationThis article presents a different approach to calculate the C coefficient needed to determine the period of own rolling vessel in calm water. The C coefficient is usually adopted as the approximate value from the available literature, usually depending on the type of vessel, and less dependent on the loading condition. In experimental studies of marine properties (seakeeping) often have a problem with the selection of the correct...
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Glaciers as an Important Element of the World Glacier Monitoring Implemented in Svalbard
PublicationGlaciers are not only contributors to the sea level rise but also important players in the circulation of pollutants. Over a billion people apply glacial waters for domestic purposes; hence, both the quality and quantity of this water should be monitored. In this chapter, we concentrate on the archipelago Svalbard in the Arctic, a typical target area for xenobiotics from long range atmospheric transport (LRAT), holding an important share...
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Improving the regulation of the derivatives market as an objective prerequisite for sustainable development of the global financial system
PublicationThe development of financial markets is characterized by the emergence of new financial instruments, in particular derivatives, the risk level analysis of which is complicated. Counterparties are not always fully aware of and do not adequately assess the potential risks of derivatives, which may lead to large financial losses and sometimes bankruptcies. The purpose of the study is to generalize approaches to regulating derivative...
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total number and biomass of bacteria in drinking water distribution systems.
PublicationIn the vast water supply network using traditional methods of treatment it is often impossible to maintain a constant and acceptable microbiological quality of water. In Poland the main reason of bacterial re-growth is presence of organic matter and nutrients in the circulating water and prolonged water retention in the network systems due to the decrease of water consumption, which has been observed for the last 20 years. In the...
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Evaluation of Workflow Runtime Platforms in Service Composition
PublicationTypically, workflow applications are constructed from basic functionalities that may be realized by alternative services deployed in heterogeneous runtime platforms. Depending on workflow structure and selection of services, the applications differ in attributes such as price, Quality of Service (QoS) and others. In the paper, we propose a method of evaluation of workflow runtime platforms using Data Envelopment Analysis. We present...
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Evaluation of the structures size in the liquid-gas flow by gamma-ray absorption
PublicationThe rapid development of tomography methods particularly electrical, X and gamma rays allows for a wide range of the information about flow structure. However, all of such methods are quite complicated. At the same time much simpler systems as the measuring system of gamma rays absorption, allows to obtain a all key flow information which describe the two-phase flow. In the article the results of analyzes of radiometric signal...
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WATER LUBRICATED MAIN SHAFT BEARINGS - MODERN SOLUTION FOR HYDROPOWER INDUSTRY - Experimental and theoretical studies
PublicationWater-lubricated bearings are finding increasingly wide use in various branches of industry. As such, they may also be encountered in hydro power industry. They are also increasingly frequently employed in bearing systems of marine shaft propulsions and water pumps [1]. This rising popularity is due to a number of reasons [2]. First of all, their simple construction has direct impact on the level of pricing which is usually quite...
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Study on 19th-century cast iron columns from the former financial office building in Kwidzyn
PublicationThe article presents the results for cast iron columns used as floor supports in the former financial office building in Kwidzyn (Poland).The stocktaking drawings provided the general and detailed data about the 19th century designer’s decisions. During the research, architectural and structural analysis was carried out. The graphics were used as a starting material for preparing 3D calculation models. The FEM-based numerical simulations...
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An Analysis of Elliptical-Rectangular Multipatch Structure on Dielectric-Coated Confocal and Nonconfocal Elliptic Cylinders
PublicationA rigorous analysis of the resonance frequency problem of an elliptical-rectangular microstrip structure mounted on dielectric-coated elliptic conducting cylinder, with electrically small radius, is investigated in this paper. A full-wave analysis and a moment-method calculation are employed. The analysis is carried out considering the expansion of the field as a series of Mathieu functions. The complex resonance frequencies of...
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Sensorless induction motor drive with voltage inverter and sine-wave filter
PublicationThis paper presents a speed sensorless control system of an induction motor with an output LC filter. It is known that the parameters design of the filter gives sine wave motor supply voltage but complicates control and estimation process. The reason is that the voltage drop and phase shift between filter input and output signals are imposed, and hence the motor voltages and currents differ from the inverter output waveforms. To...
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TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE CHEMICAL EMISSIONS OF A MARINE DIESEL ENGINE EXHAUST IN OPERATION
PublicationThe article briefly describes the problem of air pollution caused by sea-going ships and the resulting restrictions on the emission of toxic and harmful chemical compounds in the exhaust of marine engines, introduced by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) under the International Convention for the Prevention of Sea Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78). Such emissions provide a significant metrological problem, not only...
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Buckling of frame braced by linear elastic springs
PublicationIn the design codes and specifications, simplifed formulae or diagrams are given for determining the buckling lengths of frame columns based on the ruling criterion of considering frames as sway or non sway. Due to the fact that, the code formulae utilize onlylocal stifness distributions, these formulae may yield in certain cases rather erroneous results. In most code formulas a case of weakly braced frames is usually not considered.In...
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A method to assess transverse vibration energy of ship propeller shaft for diagnostic purposes
PublicationThe article discusses a key problem of ship propulsion system vibration diagnostics, which concerns assessing this part of mechanical energy transmitted from the main engine to the ship propeller which is dissipated due to propeller shaft vibration. A simplified calculation model is proposed which allows the total energy of the generated torsional vibration to be assessed from the shaft deflection amplitude measured at the mind-span...
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Impact of Climate Change on a Runoff Formation in Seaside Catchment Area on the Example of the Babica River Catchment
PublicationThe paper presents the impact of taking into account climate change in the perspective of 2050 on the results of hydrological calculations of characteristic flows in the hydrographically diverse seaside catchment area on the example of the Babica river catchment. A mathematical model of the Babica river catchment was made in the HEC-HMS program. The SCS method was used. The outflow from the basin was analysed for waters with...
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The impact of the distribution network reconfiguration on active power losses: Selected issues of UPGRID project realization
PublicationThe dynamic development of smart grids allows the use of remote controllable switches to change the configuration of the distribution network. The paper discusses the impact of the distribution system reconfiguration on active power losses, taking into account the typical daily load profiles. Based on modified IEEE 33-bus test distribution system the article presents the method of selection the appropriate sensitivity factor and...
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Wind resource assessment and energy yield prediction for the small wind turbine on the Szubieniczne Hill
PublicationThe goal of this study is to preliminary assess the wind resources on the Szubieniczne Hill in order to predict the annual energy production for planned small wind turbine. The analyzed site is located close to the Gdańsk University of Technology campus, in complex urban environment additionally surrendered by forested hills. The assessment is based on Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations which allow to evaluate the wind energy potential...
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CFD analysis of fluid flow through the labyrinth seal
PublicationSteam and gas turbines are some of the fundamental means of power generation. The energy efficiency of the turbines, however, is not satisfactory. Ever since the start-up of the first turbine in the world, engineers have been striving for their increased efficiency. Multiple solutions to the problem of steam loss in an operating turbine are available. The use of seals is one of them. Empirical methods or numerical calculations...
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Heat Transfer During Pool Boiling of Water, Methanol and R141b on Porous Coated Horizontal Tube Bundles
PublicationThis paper presents the results of experimental investigation of water, methanol and R141b refrigerant boiling on horizontal porous coated tube bundles supposed to represent a flooded-type evaporator. Experiments were carried out for a bundle of 19 tubes in triangular layout for two pitch-to-diameter ratio values – 1.7 and 2.0 – in atmospheric and sub-atmospheric pressure conditions. Average heat transfer coefficients – both local,...
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Calculations of labyrinth seals with and without diagnostic extraction in fluid-flow machines
PublicationLabyrinth seals are essential components of steam turbine unit constructions. Two types of labyrinth seals can be named, the first of which is the seal without diagnostic steam extraction, and the second – with extraction. The distribution of flow parameters along the packing is affected remarkably by the average seal clearance. The presence of diagnostic extraction leads to the equation system which is determinable and can be...
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Determination of Sodium Ion Diffusion Coefficient in Tin Sulfide@Carbon Anode Material Using GITT and EIS Techniques
PublicationThe electroanalytical behavior of SnSx (x = 1, 2) encapsulated into a carbon phase was studied using the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These techniques are widely utilized in battery systems to investigate the diffusion of alkali metal cations in anode and cathode materials depending on the concentration of ions in the host material. Here, we report different...
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Prediction of flow boiling heat transfer data for R134a, R600a and R290 in minichannels
PublicationIn the paper presented is the analysis of the results of calculations using a model to predict flow boiling of refrigerants such as R134a, R600a and R290. The latter two fluids were not used in development of model semiempirical correction. For that reason the model was verified with present experimental data. The experimental research was conducted for a full range of quality variation and a relatively wide range of mass velocity....
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The Use of Free Adjustment and Msplit-Estimation for Determination of the Vertical Displacements in Unstable Reference System
PublicationThe problem of the determining of the displacements of engineering objects and their surroundings is the current and important issue in the field of engineering geodesy. Most control measurements are made in relation to reference points (stable points). On the other hand, sometimes it happens that it is not possible perform the measurements with reference to the stable points or identification of stable points is difficult. Therefore,...
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Computations of the least number of periodic points of smooth boundary-preserving self-maps of simply-connected manifolds
PublicationLet $r$ be an odd natural number, $M$ a compact simply-connected smooth manifold, $\dim M\geq 4$, such that its boundary $\partial M$ is also simply-connected. We consider $f$, a $C^1$ self-maps of $M$, preserving $\partial M$. In [G. Graff and J. Jezierski, Geom. Dedicata 187 (2017), 241-258] the smooth Nielsen type periodic number $D_r(f;M,\partial M)$ was defined and proved to be equal to the minimal number of $r$-periodic points...
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Design and experimental validation of a single-stage PV string inverter with optimal number of interleaved buck-boost cells.
PublicationIncreasing converter power density is a problem of topical interest. This paper discusses an interleaved approach of the efficiency increase in the buck-boost stage of an inverter with unfolding circuit in terms of losses in semiconductors, output voltage ripples and power density. Main trends in the power converter development are reviewed. A losses model was designed and used for the proposed solution to find an optimal number...
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The new concept of capillary forces aided evaporator for application in domestic organic rankine cycle
PublicationThis paper presents studies on the possibility of applying capillary forces induced in the porous structure to a modern design of evaporator. The potential application of such heat exchanger is for example an evaporator of the domestic micro combined heat and power (CHP) unit. One of the problems in the micro-CHP is excessive demand for pumping power. The proposed design helps in overcoming that issue. In the evaporator outlined...
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The Use of Liquid Crystal Thermography in Selected Technical and Medical Applications—Recent Development
PublicationThermochromic liquid crystals (TLC) and true-colour digital image processing have been successfully used in non-intrusive technical, industrial and biomedical studies and applications. Thin coatings of TLC at surfaces are utilized to obtain detailed temperature distributions and heat transfer rates for steady or transient processes. Liquid crystals also can be used to make the temperature and velocity fields in liquids visible...
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Experimental research on evolutionary path planning algorithm with fitness function scaling for collision scenarios
PublicationThis article presents typical ship collision scenarios, simulated using the evolutionary path planning system and analyses the impact of the fitness function scaling on the quality of the solution. The function scaling decreases the selective pressure, which facilitates leaving the local optimum in the calculation process and further exploration of the solution space. The performed investigations have proved that the use of scaling...
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Technical fabrics in costruction of large scale roofs - numerical and experimental aspects
PublicationDesigning and construction of textile hanging roofs is the challenging subject for engineers. This type of structure needs geometrically and very often also physically non-linear calculations. Due to different behaviour of two families of threads (warp and weft), which during deformation can change the angle between their directions, they require special constitutive modelling. Also the loading of hanging roofs is very special....
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Chemical Vapor Transport Route toward Black Phosphorus Nanobelts and Nanoribbons
PublicationChemical vapor transport (CVT) method is widely used for bulk black phosphorus (BP) fabrication. In this work, we demonstrate that CVT provides a route for the fabrication of BP nanoribbons and nanobelts. This method consists of a two-step procedure, including initial BP column growth using the CVT technique, followed by ultrasonic treatment and centrifugation. The obtained nanostructures preserve BP column dimensions, forming...
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An application of acoustic sensors for the monitoring of road traffic
PublicationAssessment of road traffic parameters for the developed intelligent speed limit setting decision system constitutes the subject addressed in the paper. Current traffic conditions providing vital data source for the calculation of the locally fitted speed limits are assessed employing an economical embedded platform placed at the roadside. The use of the developed platform employing a low-powered processing unit with a set of microphones,...
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Preliminary estimation of groundwater recharge on Brda river outwash plain
PublicationEstimation of groundwater recharge is one of the most challenging subjects in hydrogeology. It is a critical factor influencing the pollution migration, assessment of aquifer vulnerability to contamination, small-scale groundwater budget calculation, modeling of nutrient cycling and detailed flow path calculations. In Poland an infiltration rate method is widely used, which depends on a system of rate coefficients referring to...
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Analytical design method of reverse curves
PublicationThe paper deals with a new approach relating to the design of the region of railway track direction alteration adapted to Mobile Satellite Measurements technique. The method may be particularly useful in situations when both the straights of the route directions cannot be connected in an elementary way using a circular arc with transition curves; this also refers to the application of a compound curve. Thus the only solution becomes...
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Low Cost Method for Location Service in the WCDMA System
PublicationA new and low cost method for a location service (LCS) in the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system is outlined. This method, which is called TDOA + RTT, enables calculation of the geographical position of a mobile station (MS) without knowledge of relative time differences (RTDs) between base stations (BSs). The TDOA+RTT method is based on the measurement of round trip times (RTTs) between the MS and the serving...
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Influence of a Radio Frequency on RF Fingerprinting Accuracy Based on Ray Tracing Simulation
PublicationIn this paper the influence of a radio signal frequency on performance of Indoor Positioning System based on fingerprinting has been examined using ray-tracing simulations. It has been simulated how spatial distribution of an RF signal strength change with the signal’s frequency. The results were used to show its’ impact on the behavior of localization algorithms that are employing RSS measurements to determine node’s position...
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Flexural behaviour of concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars in experiments and according to aci ACI 440.1R guide
PublicationThe paper presents research conducted on two concrete slabs reinforced with the carbon composite bars and two other concrete slabs reinforced with basalt composite bars. The carbon bars were plain, while the basalt ones were ribbed. The slabs were experimentally investigated in the flexural state of effort with the concentrated forces applied. The results are compared with the analytical solution proposed in the guide ACI 440.1R-06...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublicationIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Discrete-time estimation of nonlinear continuous-time stochastic systems
PublicationIn this paper we consider the problem of state estimation of a dynamic system whose evolution is described by a nonlinear continuous-time stochastic model. We also assume that the system is observed by a sensor in discrete-time moments. To perform state estimation using uncertain discrete-time data, the system model needs to be discretized. We compare two methods of discretization. The first method uses the classical forward Euler...
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Multilevel inverter neutral-point voltage sensor diagnostic based on the Extended Kalman Filter
PublicationA new algorithm for neutral point voltage imbalance estimation in DC link of the three-level (3L) neutral point clamped (NPC) voltage source inverter (VSI) is proposed. Application of the proposed algorithm does not require any additional sensors. The unbalanced voltage calculation is based on the information derived from the inverter output measured currents and from the knowledge of the load model parameters. In order to estimate...
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Mobile indicators in GIS and GPS positioning accuracy in cities
PublicationThe publication describes the possible use of tele-geoprocessing as a synergy of modern IT solutions, telecommunications and GIS algorithms. The paper presents a possibility of urban traffic monitoring with the use of mobile GIS indicators of dedicated monitoring system designed for taxi corporation. The system is based on a stationary and mobile software package. The optimal and minimal assumptions for the monitoring of urban...
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Practical Approach to IP Scheduled Throughput Measurements in Dual Connectivity Systems
PublicationIP scheduled throughput defined according to 3GPP TS 36.314 reflects user throughput regardless of traffic characteristics, and therefore has become one of the most important indicators for monitoring Quality of Service (QoS) of the end user in Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). However, networks built on a distributed architecture make the above definition impossible to be applied directly due to the...
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DETERMINATION OF SP3 FRACTION IN ta-C COATING USING XPS AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
PublicationThe paper presents results of studies on the structure of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films (ta-C) with a thickness in the range from 20 to 280 nm, deposited using pulsed vacuum arc technique with an electromagnetic Venetian blind plasma filter. The results of the phase structure analysis, obtained using visible Raman spectroscopy and UV Raman spectroscopy methods, showed a strong dependence of the results on the presence, on...
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Joints Of Steel Sandwich Structures
PublicationSteel sandwich structures are perceived as alternatives to single-skin welded structures in the shipbuilding industry due its advantages like significant reduction of mass in relation to typical single skin structure. However, beside problems with their strength properties itself, applications in real structures requires of solving the problem of joining, both for connection sandwich to sandwich as well as sandwiches to single-shell...
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Chemical Vapor Transport Route toward Black Phosphorus Nanobelts and Nanoribbons
PublicationChemical vapor transport (CVT) method is widely used for bulk black phosphorus (BP) fabrication. In this work, we demonstrate that CVT provides a route for the fabrication of BP nanoribbons and nanobelts. This method consists of a two-step procedure, including initial BP column growth using the CVT technique, followed by ultrasonic treatment and centrifugation. The obtained nanostructures preserve BP column dimensions, forming...
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SEWAGE SYSTEM CONCEPT FOR KAMIEŃ VILLAGE IN THE COMMUNE OF SZEMUD
PublicationThe aim of this thesis is to solve a disturbing problem, which is illegal sewage discharge, without any previous treatment in a village Kamień, Szemud commune, Poland, by developing a multivariate sewerage system concept. The introduction submits the theory concerning the division of sewer systems as well as the wastewater treatment’s level. Moreover, there is also the problem of rural sanitation presented and main locality –...
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O badaniach i analizach mostów tymczasowych typu Bailey - MS 22-80
PublicationPrzedstawiono sposoby modelowania oraz wyniki badań in situ konstrukcji mostów tymczasowych typu Bailey - MS 22-80. Sformuowano wnioski dotyczące rzeczywistego zachowania się tego rodzaju konstrukcji oraz zasad modelowania w celu jednoznacznego określenia pracy i wytężenia ustroju.
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Reliability model of slide bearings with particular attention given to lubricating oil
PublicationThe paper presents the slide bearing with circulating lubrication as a system of series three-element structure, where lubricating oil is the weakest link. In accordance with the Pierce statement that ''strength of chain is the strength of its weakest link'', a bearing reliability model has been developed. It allows to use the lubricating oil to evaluate the probability of correct working of the whole slide bearing, i.e. the reliability....
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Sensorless IPMSM drive with rotor position estimator based on analysis of phase current derivatives
PublicationThis paper describes a sensorless Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) drive designed for traction applications. Wide-speed sensorless operation is provided with the use of three methods of rotor position estimation designed for: a standstill, low- and high-speed range. The paper focuses on the high-speed estimation algorithm. The estimator uses the derivatives of motor phase currentsresulting from PWM modulation...