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Search results for: SOLAR CHIMNEY
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Polish Polar Research: Green-and-White Paper under the aegis of the Polish Polar Consortium (PPC)
PublicationPolar research is a colloquial term for cross-area, cross-domain and interdisciplinary research in the Arctic and Antarctic. Polar research is mainly the domain of natural sciences, but technical sciences and humanities also grow in importance. Being vulnerable to climate change, polar regions are commonly considered as a kind of litmus paper of changes in geosystems, hence the importance of research done there. It aims at a better...
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Applied Solar Energy (English translation of Geliotekhnika)
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Compression algorithms for multibeam sonar records
PublicationJednym z najczęściej używanych urządzeń służących do szeroko rozumianego telemonitoringu morskiego są sonary wielowiązkowe (ang. Multibeam systems MBS). Ich wysoka wydajność w tworzeniu informacji o obiektach znajdujących się pod wodą skutkuje w dużych ilościach danych pozyskiwanych podczas rejsów badawczych i pomiarowych. W tym kontekście, proces przechowywania i zarządzania takim magazynem danych staje się istotnym problemem...
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Digital microcontroller for sonar waveform generator
PublicationGenerating sounding signals is essential for the operation of active sonar. The system should be highly reliable. This can be achieved through architecture, communication between the devices, and a well-designed and self–testing software. The system presented in the article is responsible for the generation of hydroacoustic sounding signals, and ensures proper interaction between power amplifiers and power supplies. Thanks to its...
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Seafloor classification using multibeam sonar
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Estimating Intercept Range of Silent Sonar
PublicationWhen used in military application, sonars should ensure secretiveness. There is some evidence suggesting that silent sonars have a significant advantage over pulse sonars in the respect. If improved, the secretiveness of silent sonar translates into the distance over witch its soundings signal are detected by intercept sonars. The article gives estimated distances for far, medium, and short range sonars operating in the oceans...
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INVESTIGATION INTO INTERFEROMETRIC SONAR SYSTEM ACCURACY
PublicationThe results of the accuracy measurements of phase differencing bathymetric sonar (PDBS) system in shallow waters are presented in the article. The measurement results were compared with the theoretical calculations for sonar system accuracy and international standards for hydrographic surveys. The proposed formulas enable to assess a priori sonar system performance using system quality factor (SQF), which takes into account influence...
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Doppler effect in the CW FM sonar
PublicationWhen sonars are used for military purposes they have to ensure unobtrusive operation, a feature that can be potentially secured by 'silent sonar' or continuous wave frequency modulation sonars (CW FM sonars). The article presents how these sonars operate and identifies the relations between their parameters. The Doppler effect and its impact on the CW FM sonar are studied to identify how it affects the sonar's parameters. The results...
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Acoustic Processor of the Mine Countermeasure Sonar
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of an acoustic processor of the mine countermeasure sonar. Developed at the Department of Marine Electronics Systems, Gdansk University of Technology, the acoustic processor is an element of the MG-89, an underwater acoustic station. The focus of the article is on the modules of the processor. They are responsible for sampling analogue signals and implementing the algorithms controlling the measurement...
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Risk of power cables insulation failure due to the thermal effect of solar radiation
PublicationLow-voltage, as well as high-voltage power cable lines, are usually buried in the ground. The ampacity of the power cables in the ground mainly depends on the thermal resistivity of the soil, which may vary in a wide range. A common practice in power cable systems performance is to supply them from a pole of an overhead line. If so, a section of the line is located in free air and can be directly exposed to solar radiation. In...
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Estimation of Solar Energy Influx to the Sea in the Light of Fast Satellite Technique Development
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Photocatalytic water disinfection under the artificial solar light by fructose-modified TiO2
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Photocatalytic Water Disinfection under Solar Irradiation by d-Glucose-Modified Titania
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Research into GTA automatic soft soldering technology for solar energy collector components
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Wind and Solar Power Plant End-of-Life Equipment: Prospects for Management in Ukraine
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Temperature effect on the current-voltage characteristic fill factor for the silicon solar cells
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono badania wpływu temperatury pracy krzemowych ogniw fotowoltaicznych na wartość współczynnika wypełnienia charakterystyki prądowo- napięciowej (FF). Efekty dyfuzyjne w obszarze złącza oraz rekombinacja nośników ładunku ograniczają wartość współczynnika wypełnienia charakterystyki. Spadek tej wartości wynika głównie ze wzrostu wartości rezystancji szeregowej rs. Na rezystancję szeregową składają się: opór emitera...
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Advancing Solar Energy: Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Photovoltaic Power Output
PublicationThis research is primarily concentrated on predicting the output of photovoitaic power, an essential field in the study of renewable energy. The paper comprehensively reviews various forecasting methodologies, transitioning from conventional physical and statistical methods to advanced machine learning (ML) techniques. A significant shift has been observed from traditional point forecasting to machine learning-based forecasting...
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Operational Properties Investigation of The Flat-Plate Solar Collector with Poliuretane Foam Insulation
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Modeling of TiO2-Based Electron-Selective Contacts for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
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Examination of the Effect of Selected Factors on the Photovoltaic Response of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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Spray deposited carbon nanotubes counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
PublicationCarbon nanotubes due to their catalytic properties are a promising alternative to platinum counter electrodes (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In this study, counter electrodes were made from double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) ink using the spray printing technique and afterwards thermally treated at temperatures ranging from 120 to 300 °C. Morphology and structure was studied using scanning electron microscopy and...
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Four-body recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells: an alternative interpretation
PublicationWe demonstrate a new interpretation of the previously reported quadrimolecular recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. It is suggested that the recently described (Szmytkowski 2012 Phys. Status Solidi RRL 6 300) interaction between exciton and electron–hole Langevin bound pair formed across the donor–acceptor interface is a four-particle process. This is in opposition to the treatment of this effect as a three-particle...
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Chemical, thermal and laser processes in recycling of photovoltaic silicon solar cells and modules
PublicationIn recent years, photovoltaic power generation systems have been gaining unprecedented attention as an environmentally beneficial method to solve the energy problem. From the economic point of view the pure silicon, which can be recapture from the used cells, is the most important material due to its cost and shortage. In the paper selected methods of used or damaged module and cells recycling and experimental results are presented....
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Spray-deposited carbon-nanotube counter-electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
PublicationCarbon nanotubes due to their catalytic properties are a promising alternative to platinum counter electrodes (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In this study, counter electrodes were made from double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) ink using the spray printing technique and afterwards they were thermally treated at temperatures ranging from 120 to 300 °C. Morphology and structure was studied using scanning electron microscopy...
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Exploring the interfacial effects at the ETL/perovskite boundary in the semitransparent perovskite solar cells
PublicationThe recent focus has been made on the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted configuration, where substantial improvements have been already achieved. However, the p–i–n structure needs a buffer layer for most of the configurations to modify the work-function of a deposited electrode. Additionally and very importantly, such a layer can also serve as a protective film that improves a stability of solar cells. Here, we study...
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Influence of excitons interaction with charge carriers on photovoltaic parameters in organic solar cells
PublicationWe report on theoretical analysis of excitons annihilation on charge carriers in organic solar cells. Numerical calculations based on transient one-dimensional drift-diffusion model have been carried out. An impact of three quantities (an annihilation rate constant, an exciton mobility and a recombination reduction factor) on current density and concentrations of charge carriers and excitons is investigated. Finally, we discuss...
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Photovoltaic solar cells and modules as the source of electricity in the world and its future in Poland
PublicationJedną z metod ograniczenia emisji CO2 na świecie i w Polsce jest zastępowanie paliw kopalnych odnawialnymi źródłami energii. Systemy fotowoltaiczne, generujące energie elektryczną, są uważane za technologię wpisująca się w politykę zrównoważonego rozwoju dzięki znacznemu postępowi technologicznemu w zakresie ich wytwarzania i znacznej redukcji kosztów tych systemów.W artykule naświetlono postęp, jaki dokonał się w tej dziedzinie...
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Chinese Journal of Polar Research
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Membrane-SPME the best 'green' sample preparation technique for the gas chromatographic determination polar organic pollutants in polar media
PublicationOne of the most popular technique for sample preparation, which fulfill requirements of green analytical chemistry, is solid phase microextraction (SPME). Because of the undoubted advantages of SPME technique, solvent-free character of the extraction process and the enormous potential in analytical practice, a series of studies has been undertaken to develop new technical solutions, where improving the sensitivity and the extraction...
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Effect of Different Bromine Sources on the Dual Cation Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
PublicationRecent research has shown that perovskite solar cells with a mixed dual A-cation have much better structural stability without loss of efficiency than single cation devices. Mixed cation perovskites create a lot of questions about the salts being used for the formation of the best-quality layer. Here, we have investigated three sources of bromide in the perovskite absorption layer, using lead bromide (PbBr2), formamidinium bromide...
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Ampacity of power cables exposed to solar radiation – recommendations of standards vs. CFD simulations
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to evaluate the ampacity of a low-voltage single power cable according to: 1) recommendations of the standard IEC 60287, 2) a Computational Fluid Dynamics method, implemented in Ansys software; and comparison of the results obtained for these two cases. Moreover, limitations of recommendations of the above mentioned standard are indicated.
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Design of power cable lines partially exposed to direct solar radiation – special aspects
PublicationPower cable lines are usually buried in the ground. However, in some cases, their ending sections are mounted along the supports of overhead lines. This leads to a situation where the cables are exposed to direct solar radiation and, consequentially, overheat. The paper presents the advanced computer modelling of power cables’ heating, considering their insolation as well as the effect of wind. The temperature and current-carrying...
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Issues relating to the efficient Application of passive solar protection in multi-family residential buildings
PublicationThe following article is intended to discuss the issues concerning the introduction of passive measures aimed at improving solar protection in multi-family buildings. A system of classifying these methods into two groups of solutions (architectural and material-building) was applied. The first group includes issues concerning facade design, the spatial features of which (such as loggias, balconies and other overhangs) can be treated...
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Iron-based catalysts under solar and visible radiation for contaminants of emerging concern removal
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Re-use of photovotaic [i.e. photovoltaic] crystalline silicon solar cells - technological possibilities
PublicationSystemy fotowoltaiczne są stosowane na całym świecie jako niezawodne i wydajne układy zasilania dla zastosowań przemysłowych, komunalnych i komercyjnych. Średni czas eksploatacji modułów fotowoltaicznych wynosi ponad 25 lat. Wyeksploatowane moduły oraz te, które uległy uszkodzeniu, są obecnie przeważnie składowane na wysypiskach jako odpady przemysłowe lub komunalne, np. jako szkło lub materiał rozbiórkowy, co było dopuszczalne...
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Testing of PTA automatic braze-welding technology for producing absorber joints of solar collectors
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Technology of braze welding absorber tubes to copper foil in solar collectors by the GTA method
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1/f noise as a diagnostic tool for non-destructive testing of silicon solar cells
PublicationPrzeprowadzono badania eksperymentalne charakterystyk statycznych i szumowych krzemowych ogniw słonecznych. Wyniki wykazują możliwość wykorzystania szumu 1/f jako narzędzia diagnostycznego w testach nieniszczacych tych przyrzadów.
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Significant Parameters Identification for Optimal Modelling of the Harp-Type Flat-Plate Solar Collector
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Investigations of New Phenothiazine-Based Compounds for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Theoretical Insight
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Effect of thienyl units in cyanoacrylic acid derivatives toward dye-sensitized solar cells
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The influence of UV light on Performance of poly(methyl methacrylate) in regard to dyesensitised solar cells
PublicationNiskie kosztu produkcji i prosta budowa Barwnikowych Ogniw Słonecznych (ang.DSSC-Dye Sensitized Solar Cells) a także porównywalne wydajności czynią je konkurencyjnymi wsród komercyjnych technologii ogniw słonecznych. Jednym z elementów wchodzących w skład BOS jest transparentne szkło przewodzące stanowiące jego elektrody. Doskonała transparentność omozliwia zastosowanie polimeru PMMA jako substytutu transparaentnego szkła przewodzącego....
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Nongeminate recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells: Contribution of exciton–polaron interaction
PublicationA new model to explain nongeminate recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells is presented. We suggest that the annihilation of excitons on charge carriers at the interface between donor and acceptor phases competes with the bimolecular recombination of Coulombically bound electron–hole pairs. The exciton–polaron interaction gives visible contribution to the reduction of Langevin recombination. An analytical formula,...
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Synthesis of novel dinuclear ruthenium polypyridine dye for dye-sensitized solar cells application
PublicationA new dinuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridine complex has been successfully synthesized. The new compound has been characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Its potential application as a sensitizing dye in dye-sensitized solar cells has been checked under AM 1.5 G irradiation conditions (100 mW cm−2) and its performance was compared to that of a commercially available mononuclear analogous dye. The overall light-to-electricity...
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Modeling the electrical characteristics of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells: Influence of the interface recombination
PublicationThe interface recombination of charge carriers located in the material with lower permittivity (Szmytkowski 2009 Chem.Phys.Lett. 470 123) has been implemented for the first time to calculate the electrical characteristics of the donor-acceptor P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cell. In order to estimate the photocurrent density in this system, a simple analytical formula has been derived. We have obtained a very good agreement...
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Air temperature trends at Mount Śnieżka (Polish Sudetes) and solar activity, 1881–2012
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Magnetic field effects in dye-sensitized solar cells controlled by different cell architecture
PublicationThe charge recombination and exciton dissociation are generally recognized as the basic electronic processes limiting the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. In this work, we propose a detailed mechanism of photocurrent generation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) examined by magnetic field effect (MFE) technique. Here we demonstrate that the magnitude of the MFE on photocurrent in DSSCs can be controlled by the radius and...
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Recycling of raw materials, silicon wafers and complete solar cells from photovoltaic modules
PublicationPhotovoltaic modules (PVs) are an attractive way of generating electricity in reliable and maintenance-free systems with the use of solar energy. The average lifetime of photovoltaic modules is 25 to 30 years. To offset the negative impact of photovoltaic modules on the environment, it is necessary to introduce a long-term strategy that includes a complete lifecycle of all system components from the production phase through installation...
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ANALYSIS OF THE FEATURES OF EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLAR POWER PLANTS IN LOCAL ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEMS
PublicationПоказано, що відновлені джерела енергії (ВДЕ) у багатьох країнах дедалі більше домінують на ринку електроенергії, при цьому обсяги генерації електроенергії сонячними електростанціями (СЕС) останніми роками зростають рекордними темпами. Зазначено, що хоча частка ВДЕ продовжує зростати і фотоелектрична індустрія стрімко розвивається, однак галузь все ще стикається з багатьма проблемами, зокрема як продовжувати знижувати нормовану...
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A strategy for GPS data processing in a precise local network during high solar activity
PublicationThis paper presents the analyses connected with reduction of errors from ionospheric refraction using GPS data from local satellite networks. This is particularly essential during rising solar activity. The Bernese GPS Software v. 4.2 was used, as an analytical tool. The test data included measurements from a geodynamic network SUDETES situated in the Sudety Mountains across the border between the Czech Republic and Poland. A local...