Load sensors are core components of Weighin-Motion (WIM) systems. Since WIM enables continuous monitoring of heavy vehicle loads, it plays a key role in developing smart and digital pavements. A primary limitation of WIM system accuracy is the overly simplified treatment of stresses acting on the pressure sensor under vehicle loads, what causes loss of accuracy over time. This paper presents a laboratory test stand and a dedicated...

This paper investigates the effect of temperature on WIM-collected data using the steering axle load spectrum (SALS) and two datasets. The first dataset, provided by the WIM system operator, contains detailed raw data, while the second, supplied by the road authority, includes less detailed information but covers 46 stations with various sensor types and configurations: single-line bending plates and two-line quartz piezoelectric...

Weigh-in-motion systems (WIM) serve as valuable sources of traffic load data. The determination of axle load spectra using WIM data is pivotal for calculating load equivalency factors and predicting pavement distresses through M-EPDG. Among various factors affecting WIM accuracy, temperature changes stand out as particularly influential. This paper examines the influence of temperature on WIM-collected data, utilizing the steering...