Abstrakt
This paper outlines a new method of a location service (LCS) in the asynchronous wireless networks (AWNs) where the nodes (base stations) operate asynchronously in relation to one another. This method, called asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA), enables the calculation of the position of the mobile object (MO) through the measurements taken by a set of non-synchronized fixed nodes and is based on the measurement of the virtual distance difference between the reference nodes and the several MO positions (more than two), as well as on the solution of a nonlinear system of equations. The novelty of the proposed solution is using the measurements taken by at least five ground sensors without time synchronization between them to estimate the position of the tracked MO transmitting four or more sounding signals in random time. The new method significantly simplifies the localization process in real-life AWNs. It can be used on its own or to complement the traditional synchronous method. The paper focuses on the description of the proposed ATDOA method, two algorithms TS-LS (Taylor series least-squares) and GA (genetic algorithm) for solving the nonlinear system of equations, example application of the new method for a three-dimensional space, and presentation of the simulation models and simulation results. An important part of the paper is the comparison of the efficiency between the asynchronous method and the synchronous one for wide area multilateration (WAM) system. In addition, the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived for this problem as a benchmark. The preliminary measurement results obtained by applying the proposed ATDOA method against the background of the synchronous one are presented at the end of the paper. As it could be expected, the synchronous solution gives better results. The synchronous method allows to locate the aircraft within 15 m in about 80% of the time, while the ATDOA method in 74% of the time for the base stations clocked from the reference clocks with the stability equal to 10−9, and in 58% of the time for the base stations clocked from the reference clocks with the stability equal to 10−8. The new method therefore should not be treated as the improvement of the existing synchronous positioning systems but as a backup solution which allows to keep the LCS systems running even during ground stations synchronization failure.
Cytowania
-
1 1
CrossRef
-
0
Web of Science
-
1 2
Scopus
Autorzy (2)
Cytuj jako
Pełna treść
- Wersja publikacji
- Accepted albo Published Version
- Licencja
- otwiera się w nowej karcie
Słowa kluczowe
Informacje szczegółowe
- Kategoria:
- Publikacja w czasopiśmie
- Typ:
- artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
- Opublikowano w:
-
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
nr 2018,
wydanie 1,
strony 1 - 13,
ISSN: 1687-1472 - Język:
- angielski
- Rok wydania:
- 2018
- Opis bibliograficzny:
- Stefański J., Sadowski J.: TDOA versus ATDOA for wide area multilateration system// EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. -Vol. 2018, iss. 1 (2018), s.1-13
- DOI:
- Cyfrowy identyfikator dokumentu elektronicznego (otwiera się w nowej karcie) 10.1186/s13638-018-1191-5
- Bibliografia: test
-
- K Yu, I Sharp, YJ Guo, Ground-based wireless positioning (Wiley, UK, 2009) otwiera się w nowej karcie
- A Küpper, Location-based services. Fundamentals and operation (Wiley, England, 2005)
- J Stefanski, Asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA) method. Pervasive Mob Comput. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2014.10.008 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- T Li, YF Huang, A location system using asynchronous distributed sensors. Twenty-third Annual Joint Conf IEEE Comp Commun Soc (INFOCOM) (2004). https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2004.1354533 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- RM Vaghefi, RM Buehrer, Asynchronous time-of-arrival-based source localization. IEEE Int Conf Acoust, Speech Signal Process (ICASSP) (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6638427 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- K Yang, G Wang, ZQ Luo, Efficient convex relaxation methods for robust target localization by a sensor network using time differences of arrivals. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2009.2016891 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- E Xu, Z Ding, S Dasgupta, Source localization in wireless sensor networks from signal time-of-arrival measurements. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2011.2116012 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- D Zhou, X Wang, Y Tian, Airborne asynchronous TDOA based on critical area. IEEE Int Conf Comput Inf Tech (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/CIT.2014.32 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- Y Wang, G Leus, Reference-free time-based localization for an asynchronous target. EURASIP J Adv Signal Process. (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1687-6180-2012-19 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- T Sathyan, D Humphrey, M Hedley, WASP: a system and algorithms for accurate radio localization using low-cost hardware. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part C Appl. Rev. (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2010.2051027 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- B Xu, G Sun, R Yu, Z Yang, High-accuracy TDOA-based localization without time synchronization. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst. (2013). https://doi.org/ 10.1109/TPDS.2012.248 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- M Youssef, A Youssef, C Rieger, U Shankar, A Agrawala, PinPoint: an asynchronous time-based location determination system. Proc 4th Int Conf Mob Syst, Appl Serv (2006). https://doi.org/10.1145/1134680.1134698 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- Y Wang, G Leus, X Ma, Time-based localization for asynchronous wireless sensor networks. IEEE Int Conf Acoust, Speech Signal Process (ICASSP) (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2011.5946723 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- H Xiong, Z Chen, W An, B Yang, Robust TDOA localization algorithm for asynchronous wireless sensor networks. Int J Distrib Sen Net. (2015). https:// doi.org/10.1155/2015/598747 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- H Nawaz, A Bozkurt, I Tekin, A novel power efficient asynchronous time difference of arrival indoor localization system using CC1101 radio transceivers. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.30342 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- J Stefanski, Low cost method for location service in the WCDMA system. Nonlinear Anal: Real World Appl. (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa. 2012.07.022 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- WH Foy, Position-location solutions by Taylor-series estimation. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. (1976). https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.1976.308294 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- DJ Torrieri, Statistical theory of passive location systems. IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. (1984). https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.1984.310439 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- J Stefanski, New method of locating mobile terminal in asynchronous cellular Networks, Electronics -Designs, Technologies and Applications, No. 9 (2007), pp. 56-58 (in Polish) otwiera się w nowej karcie
- CL Karr, B Weck, LM Freeman, Solutions to systems of nonlinear equations via a genetic algorithm. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. (1998). https://doi.org/10. 1016/S0952-1976(97)00067-5 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- R Mannings, Ubiquitous positioning (Artech House, USA, 2008) otwiera się w nowej karcie
- M Pelant, V Stejskal, in Tyrrhenian International IEEE Workshop on Digital Communications-Enhanced Surveillance of Aircraft and Vehicles. Multilateration system time synchronization via over-determination of TDOA measurements (2011), pp. 179-183
- J Stefanski, Asynchronous wide area multilateration system. Aerosp. Sci. Technol. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2014.03.016 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- YT Chan, KC Ho, A simple and efficient estimator for hyperbolic location. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. (1994). https://doi.org/10.1109/78.301830 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- MH Hayes, Statistical digital signal processing and modeling (Wiley, USA, 1996)
- Thompson S. D., Andrews J. W., Harris G. S., Sinclair K. A., Required surveillance performance accuracy to support 3-mile and 5-mile separation in the National Airspace System, Project Report ATC-323, Lincoln Laboratory, 2006. otwiera się w nowej karcie
- Guidance Material On Comparison Of Surveillance Technologies (GMST), International Civil Aviation Organization Asia and Pacific, Edition 1.0, 2007. otwiera się w nowej karcie
- J Stefanski, Simplified algorithm for location service for the UMTS. Proc IEEE 62nd Veh Techn Conf (2005). https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECF.2005.1559048 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- PB Sujit, S Saripalli, J Borges Sousa, Unmanned aerial vehicle path following: a survey and analysis of algorithms for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles. IEEE Control. Syst. Mag. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCS.2013.2287568 otwiera się w nowej karcie
- SM Kay, Fundamentals of statistical signal processing-estimation theory (Prentice Hall, USA, 1993)
- Operation and service manual, FS725 rubidium frequency standard, Version 1.1 (Stanford Research Systems, USA, 2005) otwiera się w nowej karcie
- Źródła finansowania:
- Weryfikacja:
- Politechnika Gdańska
wyświetlono 216 razy