Filtry
wszystkich: 744
wybranych: 650
Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: URBAN AREAS.
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Estimation of Vehicle Energy Consumption at Intersections Using Microscopic Traffic Models
PublikacjaThis paper addresses issues related to modeling energy consumption and emissions using microscopic traffic simulations. This paper develops a method in which a traffic model is used to calculate the energy needed to travel through selected types of intersections. This paper focuses on energy consumption and derived values of calculated energy, which can be, for example, carbon dioxide emissions. The authors present a review of...
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Reduction of road traffic noise by source measures — present and future strategies
PublikacjaThe current trend worldwide is less focused on reducing road traffic noise. This is in strong contrast to the severe impact of traffic noise to the general health and quality of life. A more holistic and combined strategy is needed. Current international rules and regulations regarding vehicles and tyres are not sufficient to reduce traffic noise levels in an effective way. Calculations show that these regulations will only yield...
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Study on transmission quality in cellular 4G and 5G networks between 2019–2021: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of provided services by operating base transceiver stations
PublikacjaThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly limited user mobility, not least among students. Remote learning had a particular impact on resource allocation in relation to using terrestrial cellular networks, especially 4G systems in urban agglomerations. This paper presents the results of a quality evaluation of an outdoor environment, carried out between 2019 and 2021 on the campus of a technical university. Annual studies are conducted...
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Człowiek i jego samochód - relacje w strukturach mieszkaniowych w warunkach zrównoważonego rozwoju. Zapis refleksji
PublikacjaJakość środowiska zbudowanego - przekształcanego i tworzonego dla coraz liczniejszych pokoleń mieszkańców jest przedmiotem wieloletniej i narastającej dyskusji zawodowej środowiska architektonicznego.Ludzka potrzeba samorealizacji poprzez codzienną aktywność, działalność zawodową, przyjmowane role społeczne wpływa na kształtowanie indywidualnych modeli codzienności miejskiej, na decyzje o wyborach miejsca zamieszkania, miejsca...
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EXTREME RAINFALLS AS A CAUSE OF URBAN FLASH FLOODS; A CASE STUDY OF THE ERBIL-KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ
PublikacjaAim of the study The current paper aims to give a detailed evaluation and analysis of some extreme rainfall events that happened in the last decade in terms of spatial and temporal rainfall distribution, intensity rate, and exceedance probability. Moreover, it examines the effects of each analysed aspect on the resulting flash floods in the studied area. Material and methods In their glossary of meteorology, American Meteorology...
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Risk of Cost Overruns in Implementation of Building Investment in Urban Conditions in the Aspect of Historical Background of its Location
PublikacjaThe article is a continuation of the authors' analyzes on the risk of delays in implementation of building investment in urban conditions in the aspect of historical background of its location. In case of construction investment located in the historic part of the city, the possible accumulation of many unfavourable factors, which in course of its implementation, may constitute a serious source of cost overruns and disruptions,...
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DOP and Pseudorange Error Estimation in Mobile GNSS Systems for Android OS Applications
PublikacjaIn the near past, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) were only offered for a narrow group of recipients. Nowadays, thanks to mobile devices, they are available to anyone and everywhere. Personal navigation, searching for POI (Point of Interest), etc., had become a basic essential activity. Thanks to the widespread and availability of smartphones each user can obtain information considering his or her location even in an...
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A hybrid-mesh solution for coverage issues in WiMAX metropolitan area networks.
PublikacjaThe new WiMAX technology offers several advantages over the currently available (GSM or UMTS-based) solutions. It is a cost effective, evolving, and robust technology providing quality of service guarantees, high reliability, wide coverage and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmission capabilities. All these features make it particularly suitable for densely populated urban environments. In this paper we discuss the design and implementation...
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A Novel Spatio–Temporal Deep Learning Vehicle Turns Detection Scheme Using GPS-Only Data
PublikacjaWhether the computer is driving your car or you are, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) come into play on all levels, from weather monitoring to safety. These modern-day ADASs use various assisting tools for drivers to keep the journey safe; these sophisticated tools provide early signals of numerous events, such as road conditions, emerging traffic scenarios, and weather warnings. Many urban applications, such as car-sharing...
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The Principles of Model Building Concepts Which Are Applied to the Design Patterns for Smart Cities
PublikacjaThe involvement of citizens into decision-making processes is one of the main features of smart cities. Such commitment is reflected in the form of requirements towards the city, and the benefits which are expected from the city. Requirements and benefits are thus the primary language of communication between decision-makers and urban residents. To develop such a language, it becomes necessary to develop design patterns for Smart...
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Travel Time of Public Transport Vehicles Estimation
PublikacjaEffective prediction of speed is central to advanced traveler information and transportation management systems. The speed of public transport vehicles is affected by many external factors including traffic volume, organization and infrastructure. The literature presents methods for estimating travel time on sections of a transport network and vehicle arrival at stops, often making use of the AVL (automatic vehicle location). The...
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Estimating the Average Speed of Public Transport Vehicles Based on Traffic Control System Data
PublikacjaIntelligent Transport Systems are a valuable source of traffic information, covering both private and public vehicles. The main problem, however, is that very few studies are conducted to determine the speed of buses, trams and trolleys in urban networks in relation to traffic conditions. The paper investigates how ITS systems data could be used to model the speed of Public Transport vehicles. This is now possible thanks to the...
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Sport as a Tool for the Development of Healthy and Sustainable Cities: A Strategic Documentation Review
PublikacjaThe rapidly changing cities and their environment are causing new challenges for which actions and solutions must be sought. Most of all, a major challenges facing cities are adverse environmental changes and issues related to public health and citizens well-being. Sport is present in the lives of most of us and is an essential component of urban infrastructure, while in relation to this, to what extent is it being used to support...
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Quantification of ultrafine airborne particulate matter generated by the wear of car brake materials
PublikacjaThe wear of car brakes is one of the main sources of airborne particulate matter in urban environments. Ultrafine wear particles are of special environmental interest since they can easily penetrate the human body through inhalation and cause various diseases. In the present study, the contribution of ultrafine particles to airborne particulate matter emitted from car brake materials was investigated under different friction conditions....
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Recent advances in traffic optimisation: systematic literature review of modern models, methods and algorithms
PublikacjaOver the past few decades, the increasing number of vehicles and imperfect road traffic management have been sources of congestion in cities and reasons for deteriorating health of its inhabitants. With the help of computer simulations, transport engineers optimise and improve the capacity of city streets. However, with an enormous number of possible simulation types, it is difficult to grasp valuable, innovative solutions which...
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The Undisrupted Growth of the Airbnb Phenomenon between 2014–2020. The Touristification of European Cities before the COVID-19 Outbreak
PublikacjaAs a result of the Airbnb eruption, not only has the character of the short-term rental market been completely transformed, but the decades long growth in tourism has also been further accelerated. Therefore, due to the new demands of the tourism economy, the major shift in the usage of historic city centers occurred–the process of ‘touristification’, that results in the emergence of its new, unsustainable form. Despite the significance...
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Social media and efficient computer infrastructure in smart city
PublikacjaSocial media require an efficient infrastructures of computer and communication systems to support a smart city. In a big city, there are several crucial dilemmas with a home and public space planning, a growing population, a global warming, carbon emissions, a lack of key resources like water and energy, and a traffic congestion. In a smart city, we expect an efficient and sustainable transportation, efficient management of resources...
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THE PROBLEM OF AIRFLOW AROUND BUILDINGS CLUSTERS IN DIFFERENT CONFIGURATIONS
PublikacjaIn the paper, the authors discuss the construction of a model of an exemplary urban layout. Numerical simulation has been performed by means of a commercial software Fluent using two different turbulence models: the popular k-ε realizable one, and the Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), which is still being developed. The former is a 2-equations model, while the latter – is a RSM model – that consists of 7 equations. The studies have...
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Data Integration from GPS and Inertial Navigation Systems for Pedestrians in Urban Area
PublikacjaThe GPS system is widely used in navigation and the GPS receiver can offer long-term stable absolute positioning information. The overall system performance depends largely on the signal environments. The position obtained from GPS is often degraded due to obstruction and multipath effect caused by buildings, city infrastructure and vegetation, whereas, the current performance achieved by inertial navigation systems (INS) is still...
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Seismic probabilistic assessment of steel and reinforced concrete structures including earthquake-induced pounding
PublikacjaRecent earthquakes demonstrate that prioritizing the retrofitting of buildings should be of the utmost importance for enhancing the seismic resilience and structural integrity of urban structures. To have a realistic results of the pounding effects in modeling process of retrofitting buildings, the present research provides seismic Probability Factors (PFs), which can be used for estimating collision effects without engaging in...
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A Study of Transport Behaviour of Academic Communities
PublikacjaAn important challenge to achieving sustainable university campuses is ensuring that the academic community makes sustainable transport choices. The objective of this study was to investigate the daily commuting patterns, identify the potential for change, and determine the factors and criteria affecting the transport decisions of academic communities of two universities located in Gdansk, Poland. This paper summarizes the results...
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Detection of the First Component of the Received LTE Signal in the OTDoA Method
PublikacjaIn a modern world there is a growing demand for localization services of various kinds. Position estimation can be realized via cellular networks, especially in the currently widely deployed LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks. However, it is not an easy task in harsh propagation conditions which often occur in dense urban environments. Recently, time-methods of terminal localization within the network have been the focus of attention,...
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Change in Heavy Metals Concentrations in Sediments Deposited in Retention Tanks in a Stream after a Flood
PublikacjaOur paper presents the results of heavy metal (HM) (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd) content in bottom sediments from retention tanks along Oliwa Stream in Gdańsk, Poland, before a flood (BF) and after a flood (AF) 14-15 July 2016. The flood had a huge impact on the quality of bottom sediments and their displacement. The concentrations of HM differed significantly for research series conducted 3 months BF and 8 months AF. The concentration of Cu...
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Occurrence of specific pollutants in a mixture of sewage and rainwater from an urbanized area
PublikacjaUrban runoff appears to be a pathway for transferring new emerging pollutants from land-based sources to the aquatic environment. This paper aimed to identify and describe the groups of pollutants present in rainwater surface runoff as well as their mixture with wastewater in the combined sewer system from urbanized catchments and to determine the correlations between these pollutants. Four leading groups of new emerging pollutants...
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Adaptive system for recognition of sounds indicating threats to security of people and property employing parallel processing of audio data streams
PublikacjaA system for recognition of threatening acoustic events employing parallel processing on a supercomputing cluster is featured. The methods for detection, parameterization and classication of acoustic events are introduced. The recognition engine is based onthreshold-based detection with adaptive threshold and Support Vector Machine classifcation. Spectral, temporal and mel-frequency descriptors are used as signal features. The...
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Where the Second World War in Europe broke out: the land-scape history of Westerplatte, Gdańsk/Danzig
PublikacjaWesterplatte is known as the place where the Second World War in Europe broke out. However, its history covers many other events involving Polish, German, Russian and even French politics over the last three centuries - neglected by many papers published in the current discussion. Due to its location at the entrance to the main harbour on the Baltic Sea entrance, Wester-platte-Peninsula is cartographically the best-documented part...
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Porosity and shape of airborne wear microparticles generated by sliding contact between a low-metallic friction material and a cast iron
PublikacjaThe wear of brakes in transport vehicles is one of the main anthropogenic sources of airborne particulate matter in urban environments. The present study deals with the characterisation of airborne wear microparticles from a low-metallic friction material / cast iron pair used in car brakes. Particles were generated by a pin-on-disc machine in a sealed chamber at sliding velocity of 1.3 m/s and contact pressure of 1.5 MPa. They...
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Modeling of Electrified Transportation Systems Featuring Multiple Vehicles and Complex Power Supply Layout
PublikacjaThe paper proposes a novel approach to modeling electrified transportation systems. The proposed solution reflects the mechanical dynamics of vehicles as well as the distribution and losses of electric supply. Moreover, energy conversion losses between the mechanical and electrical subsystems and their bilateral influences are included. Such a complete model makes it possible to replicate, e.g., the impact of voltage drops on vehicle...
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Effective density of airborne wear particles from car brake materials
PublikacjaPeople living in urban environments are subject to high health risks due to various anthropogenic sources of airborne particulate matter, including wear of transport vehicle brakes. Studies of airborne particles often require an estimate of the effective particle density, a property that allows correct matching of mass and size characteristics measured by different aerosol instruments. In this study we investigated the effective...
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The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation
PublikacjaAn important role in the consumption of electric energy in urban transport are non-traction needs (auxiliaries), the main part of which is heating and air condition (HVAC). Auxiliaries are responsible for almost half of total energy consumption (normal weather conditions) and in the winter (or hot summer) it reaches up to 70% in daily scale. The reduction of energy used for non-traction needs is currently the main challenge related...
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Occurrence and properties of sulphate reducing bacteria in groundwater in Gdańsk region; Selected methods of elimination.Bakterie redukujące siarczany na ujęciach wód podziemnych w regionie gdańskim.
PublikacjaGdańsk region is situated in the area with good hydrogeological conditions. The ground-water designed for drinking purposes is taken mainly from the Quaternary and addition-ally from Cretaceous aquifers. The urban development and intensive take off have caused the increase of water exploitation and as a consequence of the changes of hydrogeological conditions the deterioration of chemical and bacteriological quality of water has...
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Urban city lights. Light pollution as one of the effects of incorrectly designed external illumination. How can a successful lighting masterplan diminish its impact?
PublikacjaIn the modern world, artificial lighting brings many tangible benefits such as the ability to extend working hours and so increase production, recreational use of the city after dark, or the possibility to travel regardless of the time of day. However, this flexibility comes at a price and negatively impacts on the environment. One such negative phenomenon is Light Pollution ‐ a term used to describe excessive nighttime artificial...
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Contemporary bottom-up tools for public spaces activation. Współczesne oddolne narzędzia aktywizacji przestrzeni publicznych
PublikacjaThis article attempts to figure out the current understanding of public spaces and the contemporary tools for bottom-up activation of public spaces to make them more friendly and functional. The paper investigates contemporary public spaces' challenges and what tools can be used to improve them. In this research, the main issue will be the question: what kind of tools and actions can be offered to maintain the quality of public...
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Urban flash flood hazard identification and assessment applying geospatial techniques and hydrodynamic modeling; Erbil city case study, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
PublikacjaThis dissertation aims to investigate the factors behind flash flooding in Erbil's central district, located in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and develop a methodology for assessing flood hazards in the city, despite limited data accessibility. In this thesis, each factor was investigated, including analyzing extreme precipitation events in the last two decades, including their spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, intensity,...
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Creating Dynamic Maps of Noise Threat Using PL-Grid Infrastructure
PublikacjaThe paper presents functionality and operation results of a system for creating dynamic maps of acoustic noise employing the PL-Grid infrastructure extended with a distributed sensor network. The work presented provides a demonstration of the services being prepared within the PLGrid Plus project for measuring, modeling and rendering data related to noise level distribution in city agglomerations. Specific computational environments,...
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Application of Traction Supply System for Charging Electric Cars
PublikacjaThe development of electromobility involves the development of electric cars charging infrastructure. The increase of the number of chargers poses new demands for the AC power grid, especially in regard to its capacity of delivering high peak power. As an alternative for the public AC power grid, urban electrified transportation systems (trams, trolleybuses, and metro) can be used for supplying electric cars chargers. The article...
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Possibilities for Developing Electromobility by Using Autonomously Powered Trolleybuses Based on the Example of Gdynia
PublikacjaTrolleybus transport refers to contemporary challenges related to a reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases and CO2 into the atmosphere formulated by international institutions, such as the United Nations, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, or the European Union. Departure from fossil fuels in urban transport is one of the key challenges for the coming years. Trolleybuses are an important tool in this...
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Perceived neighborhood disorder and quality of life: The role of the human-place bond, social interactions, and out-group blaming.
PublikacjaFour studies were carried out to examine how neighborhood disorder, human-place bonds, relationships among neighbors, and urban quality of life are related and what role blaming nonresidents plays in these relationships. In the first study, local identity was a significant mediator of the relationship between neighborhood disorder and quality of life. In the second study, we found that participants exposed to vignettes describing...
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Exposure to cooking emitted volatile organic compounds with recirculating and extracting ventilation solutions
PublikacjaEnergy-efficient urban development leads to the compact design of apartments. Recirculating ventilation solutions are an attempt to minimize the space required for ventilation ducting, but more data on their performance are needed. Cooking is a major source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. It is necessary to assess how well recirculating kitchen hoods perform in reducing the residents' exposure to cooking fumes compared...
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Przegląd Czytelnia
PublikacjaPropozycja czterech publikacji, polecanych jako lektura dla architektów: Czasopismo eVolo z 2010 roku pod tytułem „Skyscrapers od the Future”. Znalazło się w nim m.in. 30 prac przysłanych na światowy konkurs architektoniczny na „najbardziej awangardowe idee dla wertykalnej intensywności” – 09 Skyscraper Competition; (2) „Urban Interventions. Personal Projects in Public Spaces” pod redakcją Roberta Klantena i Matthiasa Hubnera,...
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Rozwój Pucka, Kartuz i Nowego Dworu Gdańskiego w latach 2005-2013 = The development of Puck, Kartuzy and Nowy Dwór Gdański In the years 2005-2013
PublikacjaNa terenie województwa pomorskiego znajdują się 42 miasta. Wśród nich 28 to miejscowości o liczbie do 20 000 mieszkańców. Stanowią one 66% wszystkich miast województwa. Według danych GUS na 2006 rok mieszka w nich 16% całkowitej liczby jego miejskiej ludności.W najbliższym sąsiedztwie Gdańska położone są trzy miasteczka o liczbie ludności w przedziale od 10 000 do 20 000. Są nimi: Puck, Kartuzy i Nowy Dwór Gdański. Choć są one...
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Aquaponics Based Artificial Biosphere Included in Architecture: From Mitigation of Negative Impacts to Positive Added Values of Urban Spatial Structures on Local, Regional and Global Scale
PublikacjaTechnologies may appear faster than spatial planning can afford it. Alt hough applying new technologies solve particular problems, it may also create new ones. Many negative consequences of implementing new technologies are visible a fter years or decades – they accumulate until the need of solving them. According to The Hannover Principles (McDonough & Braungart 2013) one should, by example not think about...
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Does the carbon emissions trading system reduce carbon emissions by promoting two-way FDI in developing countries? Evidence from Chinese listed companies and cities
PublikacjaHow developing countries can effectively promote cities’ carbon emission reduction through the carbon emission trading system (ETS) is a topic worthy of attention in the global carbon reduction campaign. Policy changes in China's ETS provide a unique opportunity to measure whether ETS impacts carbon emissions through two-way FDI. Hence, this paper employs difference-in-differences (DID) method to test the causal impact of ETS...
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Driverless Mobility: The Impact on Metropolitan Spatial Structures
PublikacjaDiffusion of emerging technologies is following the need of solving particular problems. Each innovation produce also some undesirable consequences. Many examples from the past have shown that along with the spread of each technology their side effects are accumulating until the level they need to be solved. One of the examples is automobile, which advantages and disadvantages were already described including its spatial consequences....
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IN SEARCH OF A NEW EXHIBITION SPACE
PublikacjaThe buildings considered as raising the prestige and promoting cities are those related to culture. Their impact on urban life is undeniable, which is reflected in a continuous increase in the number of new museum buildings. Apart from places intrinsically linked with culture, which, as such, may be considered as standard - like museum, theatres or galleries - there also appear alternative places of development and promotion of...
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Evaluation of the energy efficiency of electric vehicle drivetrains under urban operating conditions
PublikacjaIn electric vehicles, as in hybrids vehicles, a very important factor affecting the energy efficiency of the powertrain is the ability to use the regenerative braking energy. Depending on the settings available in electric vehicles, the driver can choose different modes of operation: switch off the regenerative braking mode altogether, select the intensity of regenerative braking, or leave the control system in automatic mode....
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STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION
PublikacjaA contemporary road vehicle (RV) is a rather complex system, consisting of a large number of subsystems, assemblies, units, and elements (parts). While operating, an RV interacts with the environment, and its elements interact with each other. Consequently, the properties (parameters) of these elements change in the process - hardness, roughness, size, relative position, gapping, etc. A partial solution to the presented problems...
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Linear revitalization - problems and challenges. Discursive article
PublikacjaThe aim of the article, defined by the author as discursive, is to give the answer as to whether within ‘revitalization’ we should distinguish the notion of ‘linear revitalization’ – not yet defined in Polish and English-language literature. The author presents the thesis that we should do so by presenting the idea, its specific character and its role. This kind of action seems to have, in the author’s opinion, a positive influence...
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Architektoniczne tożsamości miasta portowego - na przykładach Gdańska i Gdyni oraz Hamburga i Altony
PublikacjaHarbour cities of Northern Europe, especially those growing in the circle of influence of Hanseatic League, were formed in a way, which allows to identify them as the cities of a specific identity considering architecture and urban planning. Industrial revolution of 19-th and early 20-th century brought the radical change in the field of spatial development of the cities. Economical, political, cultural influences, also social...
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Determinants and effects of Poland’s road accidents in the context of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development – poviat level analysis for the years 2010-2019
PublikacjaThe objective of the research was to assess how selected factors influence road safety in Poland’s poviats. To that end, an analysis was conducted of road accident determinants and effects in the poviats in the years 2010-2019. The time horizon fits in with Goal 3.6. of Agenda 2030, which is to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020. The article pres-ents the analysis results for the...