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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: POWER (CO-) GENERATION
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Ancillary services to grids provided with distributed generation
PublikacjaThe paper introduces system for utilization of the customer-side generated energy. Additionally system can secure some ancillary services to grids. Those services include: current active filtering, load voltage stabilization and in case of grid voltage faults - uninterruptible load supplying (possible with energy storage device). Presented experimental results confirm flexibility of this arrangement in processes of power delivery...
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Wieloobszarowa rozmyta regulacja PID mocy reaktora jądrowego
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wieloobszarowy regulator rozmyty z lokalnymi regulatorami PID dla sterowania mocą reaktora jądrowego typu PWR. Wykorzystano model matematyczny o parametrach skupionych reaktora PWR obejmujący procesy generacji i wymiany ciepła oraz efektów reaktywnościowych. Nastawy lokalnych regulatorów PID zostały dobrane w sposób optymalny, minimalizując całkowy wskaźnik jakości ISE. Na przykładzie pokazano że zastosowane...
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Regulacja napięcia w sieci nN z rozproszonymi źródłami energii
PublikacjaPodłączanie rozproszonych źródeł energii do sieci energetycznych niskiego napięcia powoduje powstawanie problemów zmienności i niesymetrii napięcia, zwłaszcza w przypadku dużych odległości od transformatora zasilającego. W skrajnych przypadkach zachodzi konieczność redukcji mocy generowanej przez źródło podczas oddawaniu energii do sieci. Rozwiązaniem tego problemu jest zastosowanie energoelektronicznego regulatora napięcia składającego...
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WYDZIELONE STRUKTURY W ZDECENTRALIZOWANYM SYSTEMIE ELEKTROENERGETYCZNYM
PublikacjaJednym z trendów, które są obserwowane we współczesnych systemach elektroenergetycznych jest stopniowa decentralizacja, będąca w dużej mierze efektem rosnącej roli generacji rozproszonej oraz ewolucją odbiorców w stronę prosumeryzmu. Rośnie rola lokalnego bilansowania i rodzi się zapotrzebowanie na powstawanie lokalnych struktur organizacyjnych, dążących do wydzielenia części infrastruktury elektroenergetycznej. Rodzi to nie tylko...
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Voltage control in a power system with renewable sources of energy
PublikacjaIntensive development of distributed generation in power systems, caused by the European Union energy policy, gives possibility for improving safety in power delivery as well as optimizing the costs of the systems functioning. In this context, distributed generation can be used for voltage control in power systems – it can be performed by the control of reactive power of each source of energy or a group of energy sources. This...
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Application capabilities of the maximum distributed generation estimate methodology
PublikacjaThe paper presents application capabilities of the maximum distributed generation estimate methodology. This subject is an example of solutions to the problem that today face the transmission system operator and distribution system operators, which is related to the high saturation with wind power generation predicted for the near future.
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NEW TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF ORC'S FOR MICROPOWER GENERATION
PublikacjaIn the paper, new trends in development of micropower generation of heat and electricity are presented. New type of CHP for domestic usage is developed in the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery PAS and methods of its design are presented. The most promising trends in equipment of ORC cycle for this purpose were discussed. Main attention was focused on micro-heat exchangers design based on micro-channels and micro-jets. In our opinion...
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The forming and emission of high power electromagnetic pulses
PublikacjaAn impulse energy source, a power conditioning system and an electromagnetic field emitter are essential to generate an electromagnetic field pulse (EMFP) with a specific frequency bandwidth. Selected simulation results for a power conditioning system consisting of a fuse opening switch and a paraboloidal electromagnetic emitter have been presented in this article. The synthetic system examined in the simulation is powered by an...
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The forming and emission of high power electromagnetic pulses
PublikacjaAn impulse energy source, a power conditioning system and an electromagnetic field emitter are essential to generate an electromagnetic field pulse (EMFP) with a specific frequency bandwidth. Selected simulation results for a power conditioning system consisting of a fuse opening switch and a paraboloidal electromagnetic emitter have been presented in this article. The synthetic system examined in the simulation is powered by...
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Delivery of Ancillary Services in Distribution Power Systems
PublikacjaOne of the technical and organizational challenges the power system faces in deregulated market conditions is to organize an ancillary services market. The growing share of distributed generation of variable (intermittent) energy sources and a change in the market position of consumers, causes the demand for distributed delivery of ancillary services. For this purpose, it is sought to use the ability of the regulatory measures:...
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Interdependence between Power Grids and Communication Networks: A Resilience Perspective
PublikacjaPower network resilience is increasingly dependent on communication networks. Besides traditional generation, power networks need to accommodate increasingly high penetration levels of dispersed micro generation, mostly based on renewable sources, and increasing and challenging demand, such as electric vehicles. At the same time the deployment of enabling technologies throughout the power grid makes available new demand resources...
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The Impact of Micro-Sources on Voltage Distortions in a Power Grid
PublikacjaThe increase in the number of photovoltaic (PV) systems integrated with low voltage (LV) grids has led to a great need to analyse the impact of these systems on the quality of electricity and the reliability of its supply. This paper presents and compares the energy quality requirements imposed by various countries on photovoltaic plants. Then, based on real object tests and simulation in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, the impact has...
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CAES – Energy storage providing stability for national power system
PublikacjaThis paper presents a short characteristics of the power system. It also describes various types of energy storage technologies. The suggested solution of accumulation and generation of electric power is based on the cooperation of gas turbine with Compressed Air Storage Energy systems – CAES. This analysis describes also various types of cooperation of CAES and renewable sources of energy, particularly wind power systems.
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Problems of exact generation ofinverter output voltage
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono nową modyfikację modulatora szerokości impulsów. Rozważono problemy generacji dokładnej wartości napięcia wyjściowego falownika. Zaproponowano dwie metody generacji małej wartości napięcia.
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OpenGL accelerated method of the material matrix generation for FDTD simulations
PublikacjaThis paper presents the accelerated technique of the material matrix generation from CAD models utilized by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulators. To achieve high performance of these computations, the parallel-processing power of a graphics processing unit was employed with the use of the OpenGL library. The method was integrated with the developed FDTD solver, providing approximately five-fold speedup of the material...
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Porównanie działania transformatora symetryzującego (zygzak) z aktywnym energoelektronicznym symetryzatorem prądów fazowych linii niskiego napięcia
PublikacjaNa potrzeby planowania sieci niskiego napięcia operatorzy systemów dystrybucyjnych (OSD) zakładają symetryczne warunki obciążenia linii. Z roku na rok, rośnie liczba rozproszonych systemów fotowoltaicznych (PV) zainstalowanych w sieciach niskiego napięcia, których większość to małe jednofazowe systemy dachowe. Dodatkowo, do niesymetrii obciążenia przyczyniają się instalowane masowo pompy ciepła i ładowane jednofazowo samochody...
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Effective Short -term Forecasting of Wind Farms Power
PublikacjaForecasting a specific wind farm's generation capacity within a 24 hour perpective requires both a reliable forecast of wind, as well as supporting tools. This tool is a dedicated model of wind farm power. This model should include not only general rules of wind to mechanical energy conversion, but also the farm's specific features. This paper present analytical, statistical, and neuron models of wind farm power. The study is based...
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Chapter 4. Electricity generation from glucose microbial fuel cell
PublikacjaThe microbial fuel cell was constructed to generate electricity with simultaneous digestion of a glucose fuel by a bacterial biofilm. The decomposition of glucose resulted in releasing of electrons to an anode and to production of some by-products, e.g. metane or organic acids. It was found that maximum electric power density strongly depended on the proton transport through the proton exchange membrane seperating the anolyte and...
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Power Converter Solutions for Industrial PV Applications—A Review
Publikacja: As the use of photovoltaics becomes more widespread, new technologies for more efficient energy generation, transmission, and distribution based on power electronics converters are being developed. The most common applications are grid-on, energy storage, hybrid, and high voltage gain applications. These applications impose several additional requirements in the design of power converters associated with the solar battery’s maximum...
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Optimization of Nuclear Power Share in the Structure of Electricity Production in Poland in Time Perspective by 2060
PublikacjaThe author of this paper presented the results of a system analysis using MARKAL model, aiming at the optimization of nuclear power share in power generation structure in Poland in time perspective by 2060. Optimization criterion is the minimization of the objective function, i.e. the total cost of energy system, taking into account constraints related to CO2, SOx and NOx emissions and obligatory shares of electricity from renewable...
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A comparative study of pentanol (C5 alcohol) and kerosene blends in terms of gas turbine engine performance and exhaust gas emission
PublikacjaThe growing demand for sustainable and clean energy sources provides the incentive for the development of alternative fuels. Simultaneously, the development of gas turbine technologies with flexible fuel supply systems enables the use of alternative non-fossil fuels that can play key roles in contributing to global efforts in meeting emissions targets. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the production and potential...
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Metoda analizy wielokryterialnej do planowania rozwoju sieci elektroenergetycznej średniego i niskiego napięcia
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono metodę wspomagającą decyzje w zakresie wyboru wariantu przyłączenia odbioru do sieci elektroenergetycznej dystrybucyjnej niskiego napięcia lub średniego napięcia oraz mikrogeneracji do sieci niskiego napięcia. Metodę tą zaimplementowano w skoroszycie kalkulacyjnym Microsoft Excel i zastosowano do analizy złożonych przypadków przyłączenia odbioru lub mikrogeneracji.
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Electricity generation from rapeseed straw hydrolysates using microbial fuel cells
PublikacjaRapeseed straw is an attractive fuel material for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) due to its high content of carbohydrates (more than 60% carbohydrates). This study has demonstrated that reducing sugars can be efficiently extracted from raw rapeseed straw by combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis followed by utilization as a fuel in two-chamber MFCs for electrical power generation. The most efficient method...
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Modelling of the Polish Electricity Generation Subsystem in MARKAL Program with Emphasis on the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
PublikacjaThis paper addresses issues related to greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union and measures to reduce them, in particular the European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). A model of the Polish electricity generation subsystem, taking into account EU ETS mechanisms, has been developed using the MARKAL optimization package. Data collected on the basis of available projects, regulations and statistics were entered into the model....
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Numbers, Please: Power- and Voltage-Related Indices in Control of a Turbine-Generator Set
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the proper selection and interpretation of aggregated control performance indices values mirroring the quality of electrical energy generation by a turbine-generator set cooperating with a power system. Typically, a set of basic/classical and individual indices is used in energy engineering to ensure the mirroring feature and is related to voltage, frequency and active or reactive power deviations from their...
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Quality of Cryptocurrency Mining on Previous Generation NVIDIA GTX GPUs
PublikacjaCurrently, there is a lot of previous generation NVIDIA GTX graphical processing units (GPUs) available on the market, which were ousted from by next-gen RTX units. Due to this fact, numerous fully-operational devices remain underused, which are available at an affordable price. First, this paper presents an analysis of the cryptocurrency market. Next, in this context, the results of research on the performance of NVIDIA graphics...
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Comparative study of operation of condensing and traditional boilers equipped with ORC module for electricity generation
PublikacjaThe study analyzed the operation of the "traditional" boiler equipped with the ORC module as the similar arrangement but with the condensing boiler. In the case of a conventional boiler there is noted a greater fuel consumption and the greater power generated than in the case of the unit with the condensing boiler. Postulated is the indicator in the form of a ratio of turbine power to the mass flow rate of fuel, which in turn gives...
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Comparative study of operation of condensing and traditional boilers equipped with the ORC module for electricity generation
PublikacjaCondensing technology applied to boilers is to make full use of thermal energy contained in the fuel. That means that additionaly the heat from condensation of exhaust gases can be used for the purposes of heating the domestic hot water and to cover the demand for central heating. The study analyzed the operation of the "traditional" boiler equipped with the ORC module as the similar arrangement but with the condensing boiler....
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The Influence of Cooperation on the Operation of an MPC Controller Pair in a Nuclear Power Plant Turbine Generator Set
PublikacjaThe paper discusses the problem of cooperation between multiple model predictive control (MPC) systems. This approach aims at improving the control quality in electrical energy generation and forms the next step in a series of publications by the authors focusing on the optimization and control of electric power systems. Cooperation and cooperative object concepts in relation to a multi MPC system are defined and a cooperative control...
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A simple approach to heat exchanger sizing optimisation by means of entrophy generation minimisation
PublikacjaIn the paper an attempt is presented to find the method of optimization of microtube diameter with respect to optimal thermal-hydraulic conditions in the single-phase shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The approach is based on consideration of pumping power at the condition of maximum heat transfer by the heat exchanger tube system. In the optimization method the tube diameter is first specified and then appropriate calculations are...
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Interline power flow controller - properties and control strategy in dynamic states
PublikacjaHigh-power electronic converter topologies, in such forms as Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC), Static Compensators (STATCOM) and Interline Power Flow Controllers (IPFC), have been used to enhance and optimize the use of transmission facilities, under the concept of a flexible ac transmission system (FACTS). In Europe, the anticipated proliferation of distributed-generation (DG) in the near future, driven by governmental initiatives...
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Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants
PublikacjaThe efficiency of a gas turbine can be affected by the use of different biofuels usually with a relatively Lower Heating Value (LHV). The paper evaluates the impact of calorific value of fuel on turbine performance and analyzes the possibilities of optimizing turbine construction from the point of view of maximum efficiency for a particular fuel. The several variants of design of small power microturbines dedicated to various biofuels...
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Inlet air fogging of marine gas turbine in power output loss compensation
PublikacjaThe use of inlet air fogging installation to boost the power for gas turbine engines is widely applied in the power generation sector. The application of fogging to mechanical drive is rarely considered in the literature [1]. This paper will cover some considerations relating to its application to gas turbines in ship drive. There is an important evaporative cooling potential throughout the world when the dynamic data is evaluated,...
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A family of new generation miniaturized impedance analyzers for technical object diagnostics
PublikacjaThe paper presents the family of three analyzers allowing to measure impedance in range of 10 ohm<|Zx|<10 Gohm in a wide frequency range from 10 mHz up to 100 kHz. The most important features of the analyzers family are: miniaturization, low power consumption, low production cost, telemetric controlling and the use of impedance measurement method based on digital signal processing DSP. The miniaturization and other above mentioned...
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Technical and economic conditions of supplying residential consumers with heat from nuclear power plant
PublikacjaThe reduction of CO2 emission requires technological shift towards carbon-free options. Cogeneration of electricity and heat based on coal and natural gas will experience generation cost increase, if the costs of emissions are imposed on the plant operators. Therefore, nuclear and renewable options should be considered. In this paper, we present the concept of electricity and heat supply system with nuclear condensing turbine adapted...
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Multiple output second-generation current conveyor utilizing high frequency output stage
PublikacjaIn this paper a multiple output second-generation current conveyor (MOCCII) is presented. The main advantage of the proposed general circuit architecture over a typical structure, well known in the literature, is the use of a high passband multiple output current mplifier block instead of cascaded current mirrors. It gives similar frequency responses for all the outputs of the current conveyor and also maintains simplicity of the...
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Modelowanie systemów energetycznych wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła do celów planowania rozwoju - wybrane zagadnienia
PublikacjaSystemy energetyczne wymagają przemian technologicznych w kierunku neutralności klimatycznej. W Polsce, w której systemie elektroenergetycznym i systemach ciepłowniczych dominują przestarzałe elektrownie i ciepłownie węglowe, dążenie do minimalizacji wpływu na środowisko wiąże się z wysokimi kosztami. Dlatego należy szukać optymalnych ścieżek roz-woju energetyki, aby osiągnąć ambitne długoterminowe cele strategiczne, przy minimalizacji...
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Pipeline System for Heat Transportation from Nuclear Power Plant – an Optimizing Approach
PublikacjaOver the last few years heat piping insulation technology and pump systems efficiency have been significantly improved. Reduced thermal losses encourage heat transportation over long distances. It provides an opportunity for increasing thermodynamic efficiency of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) that are often located in rural areas because of safety issues. It can be achieved by Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation, as heat produced...
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Research of Emergency Modes of Wind Power Plants Using Computer Simulation
PublikacjaThe aim of this study is to investigate changes in the wind power plant energy production parameters under the conditions of sudden wind changes and voltage drop. To achieve these goals, a simulation of operation of wind power plants was performed. Twelve wind turbines with variable rotational speed equipped with a Fuhrländer FL 2500/104 asynchronous double-fed induction generator (DFIG) were used, each with an installed capacity...
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Possibility to use engine compression ignition engines in floating power plants marine
PublikacjaCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. The engines can be used in power industry for electricity generation in a simple or combined steam turbine system in combined heat and power plants. The leading engine in such an arrangement is an internal-combustion piston engine. The main propulsion engines are used in large piston internal-combustion engines...
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Feasibility of combined diesel engine - steam turbine in power station operating in the maritime
PublikacjaCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. Currently, the efficiency of such engines amounts to 45-50%. With such a large power unit, exhaust gases leaving the engine contain very large quantities of heat available for further treatment. Exhaust gases from the piston engine contain about 25% of the heat supplied to the engine in the fuel. Using the...
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Analysis of an Energy Management System of a Small Plant Connected to the Rural Power System
PublikacjaThis paper presents the analysis of an energy management system (EMS) implemented to fulfill the requirements of a microgrid (MG) power supply owned by a small industrial company and connected to the rural power system. The main goal of this system is to ensure connection with the existing rural power system in terms of energy exchange, as well as to perform islanding mode operation of the microgrid based on the energy demand of...
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Modelling Long‐Term Transition from Coal‐Reliant to Low‐Emission Power Grid and District Heating Systems in Poland
PublikacjaEnergy systems require technological changes towards climate neutrality. In Poland, where the power system is dominated by outdated coal-fired power plants, efforts to minimize the environmental impact are associated with high costs. Therefore, optimal paths for the development of the energy sector should be sought in order to achieve ambitious long-term strategic goals, while minimizing the negative impact on the consumers’ home...
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Multi-nodal PWR reactor model — Methodology proposition for power distribution coefficients calculation
PublikacjaIn the paper the multi-nodal Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) model called Mann’s model is presented. This models is used for modelling purposes of the heat transfer from fuel to coolant in reactor core. The authors expand widely used in literature approach by defining additional coefficients for the heat transfer model. These parameters approximate the power generation distribution in the PWR reactor core according to the to the...
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Compact High Efficiency and Zero-Emission Gas-Fired Power Plant with Oxy-Combustion and Carbon Capture
PublikacjaReduction of greenhouse gases emissions is a key challenge for the power generation industry, requiring the implementation of new designs and methods of electricity generation. This article presents a design solution for a novel thermodynamic cycle with two new devices—namely, a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. In the proposed cycle, high temperature occurs in the combustion chamber because of fuel combustion...
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POSSIBILITIES OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATION IN PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN CENTRAL EUROPE
PublikacjaNowadays, fossil fuels are the main sources of energy from which electricity is obtained. But these sources will not last forever, so in due course renewable energies will have to replace them in this role. One of these new sources is solar energy. To generate electricity from sunlight, solar (photovoltaic - PV) cells and modules are used. The increasing interest in PV cells and modules worldwide is due mainly to the fact that...
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Evaluation of VSC Impact on Power System Using Adequate P-Q Capability Curve
PublikacjaRenewable energy sources, which are becoming increasingly popular, often use a voltage source converter (VSC) for connection to the power system. Assessing the effects of connecting such a source to the power system is essential to ensure the proper operation of the power system and the connected source. For this purpose, it is necessary to know the range of active and reactive power generation by the converter. The authors indicate...
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Application of MARKAL model to optimisation of electricity generation structure in Poland in the long-term time horizon Part I - concept of the model
PublikacjaIn this paper, which inaugurates a series of papers on this subject, a concept is proposed of a power system development model with regard to the technological structure of electricity generation in Poland, in the long-term time perspective – until 2060. The model is based on the mathematical structure of the MARKAL optimization package. The paper presents a brief description of the tool used in the model research. In addition,...
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5G Millimeter Wave Network Optimization: Dual Connectivity and Power Allocation Strategy
PublikacjaThe fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks utilizing millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands can be considered the leading player in meeting the continuously increasing hunger of the end user demands in the near future. However, 5G networks are characterized by high power consumption, which poses a significant challenge to the efficient management of base stations (BSs) and user association. Implementing new power consumption and user...
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SiC-Based Power Electronic Traction Transformer (PETT) for 3 kV DC Rail Traction
PublikacjaThe design of rolling stock plays a key role in the attractiveness of the rail transport. Train design must strictly meet the requirements of rail operators to ensure high quality and cost-eective services. Semiconductor power devices made from silicon carbide (SiC) have reached a level of technology enabling their widespread use in traction power converters. SiC transistors oering energy savings, quieter operation, improved reliability...