Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS - MOST Wiedzy

Wyszukiwarka

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS

Filtry

wszystkich: 3385
wybranych: 2483

wyczyść wszystkie filtry


Filtry wybranego katalogu

  • Kategoria

  • Rok

  • Opcje

wyczyść Filtry wybranego katalogu niedostępne

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: FLOW IN OPEN CHANNELS

  • Using Different Information Channels for Affect-Aware Video Games - A Case Study

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2018

    This paper presents the problem of creating affect-aware video games that use different information channels, such as image, video, physiological signals, input devices, and player’s behaviour, for emotion recognition. Presented case studies of three affect-aware games show certain conditions and limitations for using specific signals to recognize emotions and lead to interesting conclusions.

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • The Modern Agora for Building the Open Society

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2015

    • sekretarz naukowo-organizacyjny - organizacja międzynarodowej konferencji “The Modern Agora for Building the Open Society ” we współpracy z Europejskim Centrum Solidarności, 02.06.2015 pod patronatem ISOCARP, International Society of City and Regional Planners orazTowarzystawa Urbanistów Polskich TUP/Gdansk. Przy udziale przedstawicieli następujących uczelni: Politechnika Śląska, Fachhochshule Erfurt/ Germany, Mimar...

  • An Approach to Mean Path Loss Model Estimation for Off-Body Channels

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2017

    This paper presents an approach to estimation of the mean path loss model parameters in off-body Body Area Networks channels. In this approach, the path loss exponent is constrained to a value obtained for the line-of-sight (LoS) propagation in the co-polarised channel, considering a generalised static scenario. The comparison of the goodness of fit between the proposed approach and other approaches, for a set of measurements obtained...

  • Schemes of transmission of classical information via quantum channels with many senders: Discrete- and continuous-variable cases

    Publikacja

    Superadditivity effects in the classical capacity of discrete multiaccess channels and continuous variable (CV) Gaussian MACs are analyzed. Several examples of the manifestation of superadditivity in the discrete case are provided, including, in particular, a channel which is fully symmetric with respect to all senders. Furthermore, we consider a class of channels for which input entanglement across more than two copies of the...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Adaption of Open Science Paradigm at Gdańsk University of Technology

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2016

    The paper describes the basic principles standing behind Open Access and will try to dispel the doubts behind them. Further the solution adapted by the Gdańsk University of Technology is presented. Later on the systems that the University uses and means of their integration into a complex Open Science platform are described. Finally the procedures needed to publish a document in the repository alongside the University's policy...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Measurements of Path Loss in Off-Body Channels in Indoor Environments

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2014

    This paper presents a measurements of the path loss for validation of a statistical model for off-body radio channels in an indoor multipath environment, which considers the distance dependent mean path loss, and describes body shadowing and fast fading components in a statistical way. The measurement equipment and propagation indoor environment have been presented. Two different bodies and five static and two walking scenarios...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • A comprehensive review of open data platforms, prevalent technologies, and functionalities

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2022

    Open data can play a crucial role in different sectors of the world,such as government, science, research, technology, culture, andfinance. There are several necessary measures that every organiza-tion needs to consider before opening data. There are three majorsteps to opening the data: (1) Preparation stage, and (2) launchingthe open data initiative (3) In this case, the feedback mechanismstudy such as expand and sustain stage,...

  • Open-source software (OSS) and hardware (OSH) in UAVs

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2020

    The popularity of the Open Source Tool (OST) has expanded significantly. This is the case for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) based on open-source hardware (OSH) as well. Open-source software (OSS) and OSH can be applied in a wide range of applications and can improve several technologies. The chapter begins with an introduction to OSS depicting its rationale, description of fundamental differences between OSS and proprietary software...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Analysis of unsteady flow forces on the thermowell of steam temperature sensor

    Publikacja
    • S. Kornet
    • D. Sławiński
    • P. Ziółkowski
    • J. Badur

    - Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery - Rok 2015

    In this paper, 3D numerical analysis of unsteady flow forces acting on the measuring sheath of steam temperature is presented. According to that purpose, the CFD (Computation Fluid Dynamic [1]) approach has been used. The nonstationary of fluid acting on the measuring sheath such as: Strouhal frequency, amplitude of pressure, structure of vortex, peak of pressure, field of pressure, field of velocity etc. are studied analytically...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Identification of Fast Time-varying Communication Channels Using the Preestimation Technique

    Accurate identification of stochastic systems with fast-varying parameters is a challenging task which cannot be accomplished using model-free estimation methods, such as weighted least squares, which assume only that system coefficients can be regarded as locally constant. The current state-of-the-art solutions are based on the assumption that system parameters can be locally approximated by a linear combination of appropriately...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Ograniczenia i koszty wdrożenia systemu open data

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2021

    Przedstawienie kosztów i ograniczeń wdrażania open data w polskich urzędach miejskich.

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2012

    Zaprezentowano system BOINC (ang. Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing) jako interesujące rozwiązanie integrujące rozproszone moce obliczeniowe osobistych komputerów typu PC w Internecie. Przedstawiono zasadę działania opisywanej platformy. W dalszej części zaprezentowano kilka wybranych projektów naukowych wykorzystujących BOINC, które są reprezentatywne w zakresie zastosowania systemu w ujęciu założonego paradygmatu...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Quantum superadditivity in linear optics networks: Sending bits via multiple-access Gaussian channels

    Publikacja

    Superadditivity effects of communication capacities are known in the case of discrete variable quantum channels. We describe the continuous variable analog of one of these effects in the framework of Gaussian multiple access channels (MACs). Classically, superadditivity-type effects are strongly restricted: For example, adding resources to one sender is never advantageous to other senders in sending their respective information...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Path Loss Analysis in Off-Body Channels in Indoor Environment

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2015

    This temporary document describes an analysis of path loss in off-body channels in an indoor environment. The influence of body orientation and on-body antenna placement on path loss in off-body communications as well as of different bodies has been investigated. Five static scenarios, six distances between body and antenna and eight body orientations were analysed; moreover, two dynamic scenarios were investigated. The smallest...

  • Modeling of Passive and Forced Convection Heat Transfer in Channels with Rib Turbulators

    Publikacja

    - ENERGIES - Rok 2021

    The main goal of the research presented in this paper was the experimental and numerical analysis of heat enhancement and aerodynamic phenomena during air flow in a channel equipped with flow turbulators in the form of properly configured ribs. The use of ribs intensifies the heat transfer and at the same time increases not only the flow resistance but also the energy costs. Therefore, designing modern heat exchangers with optimal...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • A Cross-Polarisation Discrimination Analysis of Off-Body Channels in Passenger Ferryboat Environments

    Publikacja

    - IEEE Access - Rok 2022

    There is a need for investigating radio channels for Body Area Networks considering the depolarisation phenomenon and new types of environments, since these aspects are becoming very important for systems design and deployment. This paper presents an analysis of cross-polarisation discrimination for off-body channels based on a measurement campaign performed in a passenger ferryboat, i.e., where all walls, floors and ceilings are...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • On some open questions for Ramsey and Folkman numbers

    Publikacja
    • S. Radziszowski
    • X. Xiaodong

    - Rok 2016

    We discuss some of our favorite open questions about Ramsey numbers and a related problem on edge Folkman numbers. For the classical two-color Ramsey numbers, we first focus on constructive bounds for the difference between consecutive Ramsey numbers. We present the history of progress on the Ramsey number R(5,5) and discuss the conjecture that it is equal to 43.

  • Flow maldistribution and its mitigation in mini heat exchangers

    Publikacja

    In the present paper, a detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the flow maldistribution in 50 parallel 1 mm x 1 mm rectangular minichannels and 1 mm depth minigap section with rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular or concave mani-folds in Z-type flow configuration (16 different cases). The working medium was ethanol and the mass flow rate was 5×10-4 kg/s. Both sections was heated from the bottom side. Heat...

  • The sources of contamination and reasons of damage of the flow part of the marine turbine engine in operation

    Publikacja

    The aim of this paperis to show particular sensitivity of the flow part of the marine turbine engine to the presence of contaminations in the intake air. The contaminations form hard-to-remove deposits in the intervene channels that result in a reduced efficiency and performance of the engine. The paper classifies the contaminants according the source of their formation and their destructive force. The performed analyses and syntheses...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Fading Characteristics for Dynamic Body-to-Body Channels in Indoor and Outdoor Environments

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2018

    This paper presents an analysis of the fading characteristics in dynamic body-to-body channels, based on measurements performed at 2.45 GHz in indoor and outdoor environments. The statistical analysis of the small- and large-scale fading shows that the Nakagami Distribution is the best model for the former and the Log-Normal one for the latter. An important influence of body shadowing...

  • Move into the open space – what can we expect from moving artistic interventions to open urban spaces?

    Publikacja

    - Interaction Design & Architecture(s) - Rok 2017

    The paper discuses the role of incorporating creative engagement into the processes of urban and social development using cultural means of action and expression and the potential of artistic interventions in public space. The block of initiatives within the People’s Smart Sculpture EU project, realized by Gdańsk City Gallery, has been named “Move Into The Open Space”. This paper will provide...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Open Data Capability Architecture - An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2020

    Despite of increasing availability of open data as a vital organizational resource, large numbers of startups and organizations fail when it comes to utilizing open data effectively. This shortcoming is attributable to the poor understanding of what types of capabilities are required to successfully conduct data related activities. At the same time, research on open data capabilities and how they relate to one another remains sparse....

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Determination of Mechanical Energy Loss in Steady Flow by Means of Dissipation Power

    When systems of simple geometry like pipes or regular channels are considered, the mechan- ical energy loss of the fluid flow can be expressed by local and longitudinal empirical energy loss coefficients. However, in the case of large spatially distributed objects, there are no simple approaches to this task. In practice, general recommendations addressing different types of objects are used, but they usually provide very coarse...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • A New Approach for the Mitigating of Flow Maldistribution in Parallel Microchannel Heat Sink

    Publikacja

    The problem of flow maldistribution is very critical in microchannel heat sinks (MCHS). It induces temperature nonuniformity, which may ultimately lead to the breakdown of associated system. In the present communication, a novel approach for the mitigation of flow maldistribution problem in parallel MCHS has been proposed using variable width microchannels. Numerical simulation of copper made parallel MCHS consisting of 25 channels...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Self-assembly, stability and conductance of amphotericin B channels: bridging the gap between structure and function

    Publikacja

    - NANOSCALE - Rok 2021

    Amphotericin B (AmB), one of the most powerful but also toxic drugs used to treat systemic mycoses, is believed to selectively permeabilize fungal cell membranes to ions in a sterol-dependent manner. Unfortunately, the structure of the biologically active AmB channels has long eluded researchers, obstructing the design of safer alternatives. Here, we investigate the structural and thermodynamic aspects of channel formation, stability,...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Massive Open Online Courses: strategies and research areas

    Publikacja
    • J. Murphy
    • N. Sabatini
    • A. Williams
    • P. Ryan
    • L. Cantoni
    • L. Horton-tognazzini

    - Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education - Rok 2014

    The latest education revolution, the massive open online courses (MOOCs), is gaining momentum, accolades, and participation across industry and academia. These learning laboratory behemoths host and assess tens to hundreds of thousands of students in a single class, for free. Similar to their scope, MOOCs’ short- and long-term educational implications seem massive. Immediate MOOC educational outcomes vary widely from roaring successes...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Open Strategy for Digital Business. Managing in ICT-Driven Environments

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2024

    This book offers the reader a novel perspective on how digital contexts and open strategy approaches – the act of opening up strategic initiatives beyond company managers to involve front-line employees, stakeholders, and entrepreneurs – are related. Going beyond the claim that digital media drives open strategy by containing a detailed analyses of the interrelations between the two, the authors examine how ICT have diffused globally...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Nonadditivity of quantum and classical capacities for entanglement breaking multiple-access channels and the butterfly network

    Publikacja

    - PHYSICAL REVIEW A - Rok 2010

    We analyze quantum network primitives which are entanglement breaking. We show superadditivity of quantum and classical capacity regions for quantum multiple-access channels and the quantum butterfly network. Since the effects are especially visible at high noise they suggest that quantum information effects may be particularly helpful in the case of the networks with occasional high noise rates. The present effects provide a qualitative...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Vacuum Rabi oscillation in nonzero-temperature open cavity

    Porównania teorii oscylacji Rabiego z eksperymentem [M. Wilczewski, M. Czachor, Phys. Rev. A 79, 0333836 (2009)] sugerują, że parametry wnęki doświadczeniu z dużą ilością fotonów mogą być znacznie mniejsze niż te otrzymane dla stanów prawie próżniowych. W tym kontekście pokazujemy, że wniosek pozostaje bez zmian, nawet jeśli do opisu stanu początkowego wnęki zastosuje się bardziej realistyczny opis.

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • The Importance of Open Access Journals in the Area of Public Health

    Publikacja
    • M. Schlegel-Zawadzka
    • A. Prusak

    - Public Health - Open Journal - Rok 2016

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • CFD analysis of fluid flow through the labyrinth seal

    Steam and gas turbines are some of the fundamental means of power generation. The energy efficiency of the turbines, however, is not satisfactory. Ever since the start-up of the first turbine in the world, engineers have been striving for their increased efficiency. Multiple solutions to the problem of steam loss in an operating turbine are available. The use of seals is one of them. Empirical methods or numerical calculations...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Karhunen-Loeve-based approach to tracking of rapidly fading wireless communication channels

    Publikacja

    When parameters of wireless communication channels vary at a fast rate, simple estimation algorithms, such as weighted least squares (WLS) or least mean squares (LMS) algorithms, cannot estimate them with the accuracy needed to secure the reliable operation of the underlying communication systems. In cases like this, the local basis function (LBF) estimation technique can be used instead, significantly increasing the achievable...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Comparison of various flow maldistribution quantification methods in mini heat exchangers

    Publikacja

    The aim of study is to compare various flow maldistribution quantification methods, using velocity, mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature. An experimentally validated numerical study has been prepared and a heat exchanger with 34 semi-circular channels with a diameter of 3.1 mm has been tested. The minichannels were heated from the bottom with a heat flux of 50, 60, 70, and 80 kW/m2. The cases for various inlet velocities of...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Charakterystyka i przegląd oprogramowania open source dla zastosowań biznesowych.

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2004

    W niniejszym artykule została dokonana analiza porównawcza powszechnie używanego oprogramowania komercyjnego i oprogramowania open source opartego na licencji GPL. Jako, że produkty open source obecnie zdobywają rynek aplikacji biznesowych, zawarto przegląd obecnie dostępnych narzędzi informatycznych w ramach tej grupy - od niezbędnych każdemu przedsiębiorstwu pakietów biurowych po zintegrowane systemy klasy ERP. Przedstawiono...

  • Measurement Stand and Methodology for Research of the Off-Body and Body-to-Body Radio Channels in WBANs with Different Diversity Schemes

    The concept of an experimental test bed for system loss and channel impulse response measurements for off-body and body-to-body radio channels in wireless body area networks (WBANs) is fully described. The possible measurement scenarios that may occur in investigation of off-body and body-to-body channels are classified and described in detail. Additionally, an evaluation is provided of the standard and expanded uncertainties of...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • EHD Flow Measured by 2D PIV in a Narrow Electrostatic Precipitator with Longitudinally-to-flow Wire Electrode

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2011

    In this paper, results of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow patterns in two narrow ESPs with longitudinally-to-flow wire electrode are presented. The influence of the ESP geometry on the EHD flow generated in the ESP was investigated. The results obtained from 2 dimensional (2D) Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) showed similarities and differences of the particle flow in the wire-plate and wire-cylinder type ESP.

  • PRESSURE DROP OF HFE7000 AND HFE7100 IN FLOW CONDENSATION IN MINICHANNELS WITH ACCOUNT OF NON-ADIABATIC EFFECTS

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2014

    Flow boiling and flow condensation are often regarded as two opposite or symmetrical phenomena involving the change of phase. There is a temptation to describe both these phenomena with one only correlation. From amongst the structures present in flow boiling and flow condensation at least the annular flow structure seems to be mostly appropriate to the common modeling. However, the shear stress acting between vapor phase and liquid...

  • Discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump

    This paper presents results of discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump. Evolution Strategies (ES) are used as a global optimisation method in order to localise the optimal solution in relatively short time. The whole optimisation process is fully automated. This also applies to geometry modelling. Numerical simulations of the flow inside the pump is performed by means of the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Comparitive study of heat transfer and pressure drop during flow boiling and flow condensation in minichannels

    In the paper a method developed earlier by authors is applied to calculations of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient for flow boiling and also flow condensation for some recent data collected from literature for such fluids as R404a, R600a, R290, R32,R134a, R1234yf and other. The modification of interface shear stresses between flow boiling and flow condensation in annular flow structure are considered through incorporation...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Numerical investigation of multiphase blood flow coupled with lumped parameter model of outflow

    Publikacja
    • B. Melka
    • W. Adamczyk
    • M. Rojczyk
    • M. L. Nowak
    • M. Gracka
    • A. J. Nowak
    • A. Golda
    • R. Białecki
    • Z. Ostrowski

    - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW - Rok 2019

    Purpose The purpose of this paper is the application of the computational fluid dynamics model simulating the blood flow within the aorta of an eight-year-old patient with Coarctation of Aorta. Design/methodology/approach The numerical model, based on commercial code ANSYS Fluent, was built using the multifluid Euler–Euler approach with the interaction between the phases described by the kinetic theory of granular flow (KTGF). Findings A...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Transmission parameters of underwater communication channels

    Publikacja

    The underwater environment is tough and demanding as a communication channel for ultrasonic signals. The channel transmission characteristics in marine and inland waters depend much on local bathymetry and changing weather conditions. The architecture and performance of a reliable underwater acoustic communication (UAC) system should allow real-time adaptation of its transmission parameters to a large variety of possible channel...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Determination of pressure drop in flow condensation of HFE7000 in minichannels with account of non-adiabatic effects

    Publikacja

    Flow boiling and flow condensation are often regarded as two opposite or symmetrical phenomena involving the change of phase. There is a temptation to describe both these phenomena with one only correlation, however such method has yet to be suggested. From amongst the structures present in flow boiling and flow condensation at least the annular flow structure seems to be mostly appropriate to the common modeling. However, the shear...

  • Experimental study on the seepage flow through the ice jam

    Publikacja

    In light of the observed climate change, there is a need for better understanding of river ice processes for managing water resources in the cold regions. Ice jams produce significant resistance which may cause rise of water level and flooding. The jam resistance is only referred to the roughness of its underside, and this approach lead to exceptional roughness coefficients which has no physical explanation. Number of evidences...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Flow distribution and heat transfer in minigap and minichannel heat exchangers during flow boiling

    The topic of boiling heat transfer in miniscale geometries has focused the ever increasing interest of researchers in recent years. However, most of the works are related to mini- and microchannels and much less to minigaps. Meanwhile, minigaps allow for more comprehensive experimental studies, i.e. flow visualisations due to the flat, two-dimensional configuration of the flow. The results of the experimental investigations of...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Outlet Flow Velocity In Circular Culvert

    The outlet flow velocity in the end section of the culvert barrel depends in most cases on the culvert geometry, including the barrel slope, as well as on upstream and downstream channel parameters. Flowing water can create pressure flow or free surface flow in the culvert barrel. In the case of an unsubmerged barrel outlet, the free-surface flow is more frequent than the full flow. Increased velocities can cause channel bed scour...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • The lemniscate knowledge flow model

    Knowledge is seen as one of the main resources for organizations providing knowledge-intensive services. Therefore, sharing and reusing are the main goals of modern knowledge management (KM) approach, driven by information and communication technologies (ICT). However, one can ask for the details in order to provide means and tools to design and deploy environment able to fulfil these two goals. We observed that occurred interactions...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Design of Frequency-Reconfigurable Branch-Line Crossover Using Rectangular Dielectric Channels

    Publikacja

    - IEEE Access - Rok 2023

    This paper presents an efficient yet straightforward passive reconfiguration technique to tune the operating frequency of a branch-line crossover (BLCO). The underlying principle is to fill rectangular dielectric channels (RDCs) prepared beforehand with either air or materials of different relative permittivity. Two configurations (one RDC and three RDCs in each arm) of the branch-line crossover are employed to estimate the tunability...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Open-Source Coprocessor for Integer Multiple Precision Arithmetic

    Publikacja

    - Electronics - Rok 2020

    This paper presents an open-source digital circuit of the coprocessor for an integer multiple-precision arithmetic (MPA). The purpose of this coprocessor is to support a central processing unit (CPU) by offloading computations requiring integer precision higher than 32/64 bits. The coprocessor is developed using the very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL) as an intellectual property (IP) core. Therefore,...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • POLISH PUBLISHERS OPEN ACCESS POLICIES DATABASE - FUNCTIONALITIES AND ROLE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF OPENNESS POLICIES

    The aim of the article is to present a base of Polish Publishers Open Access Policies as a tool supporting the scientific community in the implementation of openness policies. It is the first national platform to gather and analyze a publishing policy in the field of Open Access to Polish scientific journals. For scientists, it is a tool for searching for a Polish journal meeting certain criteria. It enables grant recipients to...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • MODELLING OF TRANSIENT FLOW IN STORM SEWERS

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2013

    The paper focuses on the assessment of second-order explicit numerical scheme for unsteady flows in sewers. In order to simulate the pressurized flow the 'Preissmann slot' concept is implemented. For simulation of the transcritical flow the original and improved McCormack scheme is used. The calculated results are compared with numerical solutions and laboratory measurements published in the technical literature. Moreover, the...