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Combined cold supply system for ship application based on low GWP refrigerants - Thermo-economic and ecological analyses
PublikacjaThe withdrawal of popular high-GWP refrigerants will significantly affect maritime industry. Refrigeration and air conditioning systems currently used on ships are not ready to fulfil future limitations. Therefore, there is a need for system, which will operate with low-GWP refrigerants and at the same time will be efficient and reliable in difficult environmental conditions. This paper explains the concept of a cold supply system,...
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Modeling of low calorific gas burning in a deficient oxygen environment and high-temperature oxidizer
PublikacjaThe experimental research will be performed using the experimental facility with a combustion chamber. The oxygen concentration in combustion oxidizers will be varied from 21% by volume (normal) air to 2%. The test combustion chamber will be fed with propane or methane as the reference fuel, then with low calorific fuels as test gases obtained by mixing various combustible components, e.g. H2, CH4, CO, and neutral gases, e.g. N2,...
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Direct-contact condensation from vapour- gas mixture in a spray ejector condenser for negative CO2 power plant
PublikacjaDirect-contact condensation of vapour containing the inert gas on a spray of subcooled liquid exists in a number of technical applications. For example, it may be found in the nuclear industry (e.g. pressurized jet under normal operating conditions, in safety analyses) or in the chemical industry (e.g. mixing-type heat exchanger, degasser, sea water desalting). The problem is also essential to modelling and analysis of some...
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Advanced Turbine Cycles with Organic Media
PublikacjaOrganic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants have become very popular and have found their applications in systems with renewable sources of energy. So far their overall efficiencies are not very impressive and only for the upper temperature of about 300 °C do they exceed 20%. A drawback of these cycles is the limitation of the cycle upper temperature due to the heat exchanger technology and the materials used. However, it is possible...
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Thermodynamic Cycle Concepts for High-Efficiency Power Plants. Part B: Prosumer and Distributed Power Industry
PublikacjaAn analysis was carried out for different thermodynamic cycles of power plants with air turbines. A new modification of a gas turbine cycle with the combustion chamber at the turbine outlet has been described in the paper. A special air by-pass system of the combustor was applied, and in this way, the efficiency of the turbine cycle was increased by a few points. The proposed cycle equipped with an effective heat exchanger could...
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Rozprzestrzenianie się w podtorzu skutków katastrof kolejowych z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych
PublikacjaDuża część przewozów materiałów niebezpiecznych prowadzona jest koleją. W związku z tym bezpieczeństwo tych przewozów nabiera coraz większego znaczenia. Każda katastrofa z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych ma negatywny wpływ na uczestników tego zdarzenia oraz na otaczające środowisko, bowiem jej zasięg na ogół nie jest lokalny. Z tego wynika, że w przypadku zaistnienia katastrofy należy minimalizować jej skutki oraz w dalszych...
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Analiza sterowania ułamkowego PIλDμ mocą reaktora jądrowego
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono syntezę regulatora PIλDμ niecałkowitego rzędu dla potrzeb sterowania mocą reaktora jądrowego lekko wodnego określanego, jako typu PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor). W tym celu wykorzystano nieliniowy model matematyczny reaktora PWR o parametrach skupionych obejmujący procesy generacji i wymiany ciepła oraz termicznych efektów reaktywnościowych. Nastawy regulatora PIλDμ niecałkowitego rzędu dobrano w sposób...
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DESIGN ANALYSIS OF HYBRID GAS TURBINE - FUEL CELL POWER PLANT IN STATIONARY AND MARINE APPLICATIONS
PublikacjaThe paper concerns design analysis of a hybrid gas turbine power plant with a fuel cell (stack). The aim of this work was to find the most favorable variant of the medium capacity (approximately 50 MW) hybrid system. In the article, computational analysis of two variants of such a system was carried out. The analysis let to calculate capacity, efficiency of both variants and other parameters like flu gas temperature. The paper...
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Exergetic Analysis of the nCO2PP Cycle with Particular Reference to the Exergy Destruction of Sewage Sludge Due to Gasification
PublikacjaAn exergy analysis is carried out on the negative CO2 emission gas power plant (nCO2PP), which integrates the process sections of fuel preparation, power generation and carbon capture. Processes of exergy destruction are studied with particular focus on the process in the gasification unit of the fuel preparation section, where a large amount of exergy is destroyed in various chemical reactions from sewage sludge to producer gas...
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Compact High Efficiency and Zero-Emission Gas-Fired Power Plant with Oxy-Combustion and Carbon Capture
PublikacjaReduction of greenhouse gases emissions is a key challenge for the power generation industry, requiring the implementation of new designs and methods of electricity generation. This article presents a design solution for a novel thermodynamic cycle with two new devices—namely, a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. In the proposed cycle, high temperature occurs in the combustion chamber because of fuel combustion...
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Organic Supercritical Thermodynamic Cycles with Isothermal Turbine
PublikacjaOrganic Rankine cycles (ORC) are quite popular, but the overall efficiencies of these plants are rather very low. Numerous studies have been conducted in many scientific centers and research centers to improve the efficiency of such cycles. The research concerns both the modification of the cycle and the increase in the parameters of the medium at the inlet to the turbine. However, the efficiency of even these modified cycles rarely...
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An inverse algorithm for contact heat conduction problems with an interfacial heat source based on a first-order thermocouple model
PublikacjaInverse problems of contact heat conduction with an interfacial heat source are common in various fields of science, engineering and technology. In this study, an algorithm for their solution is developed based on an inverse parametric optimisation method with an impulse response function describing the heat partition and contact heat transfer. A first-order thermocouple model with a time constant parameter is embedded in the impulse...
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Partition of friction heat between sliding semispaces due to adhesion-deformational heat generation
PublikacjaAnalytical expressions of heat-partition coefficient and contact temperatures for two sliding semispaces with account for adhesion-deformational heat generation and contact heat exchange have been obtained. The rate of deformational heat generation is assumed to decay exponentially with increase of distance from the interface. It has been shown that heat-generation configuration and the intensity of contact heat exchange have impact...
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High-temperature heat pumps – potential technology for heat recovery and production of process heat
PublikacjaIn the paper, the high temperature vapour compressor based heat pump with a selection of working fluids, both perspective and ecological ones, is considered. Such system is not yet commercially available on the market and in author’s opinion it has significant potential for various applications. In the presented analysis it was assumed that the heat source has a temperature of 50oC and the temperature lift is 60, 80 and 100K respectively....
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Jeffreys heat conduction in coupled semispaces subjected to interfacial heating
PublikacjaA Jeffreys heat conduction problem for coupled semispaces subjected to the action of an interfacial heat source was defined. An analytical solution of the problem was derived for a polynomial specific power of the heat source using the Laplace transform approach. The asymptotic and parametric analysis was performed for different ratios of thermal conductivities , thermal diffusivities , thermal relaxation times and coefficients...
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Natural convective heat transfer from isothermalconic
PublikacjaTheoretical considerations on convective heat transfer from isothermal upward conicalsurfaces have been presented. The physical model of this phenomenon consists of an isothermalcone of inclination angle (φ) between the cone generating line (X) and the radius (R) of the cone base. The angle is a parameter of conical surface which varied from (φ = 0−circular horizontal plate) to (φ = π/2—vertical cylinder) . Onthe basis of Navier–Stokes...
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Possibilities of heat transfer augmentation in heat exchangers with minichannels for marine applications
PublikacjaIn the paper, new trends in development of microchannel heat exchangers are presented. The exchangers developed in this way can be applied in marine applications. Main attention was focused on heat exchangers design with reduced size of passages namely based on microchannels. In our opinion future development of high power heat exchangers will be based on networks micro heat exchangers.
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Evaluating the influence of radiative heat flux on convective heat transfer from a vertical plate in air using an improved heating plate
PublikacjaThis article examines the influence of radiative heat flux on the accuracy of the results of free convective heat transfer in air. In order to carry out these tests, based on the experience gained during the operation of a plate heated on one side, compensated by a reverse heat loss flux counter-heater, a unique double-sided heating sandwich plate was designed and built, consisting of three thin epoxy resin plates reinforced with...
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Comparison of heat transfer from single- and double-sided heated horizontal plate under free convection in air with constant heat flux condition
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study of convective heat transfer from a newly designed double-sided heated horizontal plate in air. To ensure equal heat transfer from both surfaces, the plate was equipped with two independently supplied electric heaters and resistance thermometers on each side. Minimizing the plate's thickness reduced lateral heat loss and improved measurement accuracy. The study...
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Numerical Study of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer of Nanofluids in Pipes
PublikacjaIn this work, Nusselt number and friction factor are calculated numerically for turbulent pipe flow (Reynolds number between 6000 and 12000) with constant heat flux boundary condition using nanofluids. The nanofluid is modelled with the single-phase approach and the simulation results are compared with experimental data. Ethylene glycol and water, 60:40 EG/W mass ratio, as base fluid and SiO2 nanoparticles are used as nanofluid...
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Perfect thermal contact of hyperbolic conduction semispaces with an interfacial heat source
PublikacjaThe problem of thermal contact between two bodies with a heat source at their interface presents great scientific and practical interest. On the time scale of a nanosecond or shorter, heat propagation should be considered in the form of thermal waves of finite speeds. This study investigated the thermal behaviour of hyperbolic conduction semispaces in perfect thermal contact subjected to the action of an interfacial heat source....
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Quasi-Static Response
PublikacjaConcern for the quasi-static response of ship and offshore structures, as required for safety and serviceability assessments. Attention shall be given to uncertainty quantification of quasi-static load and response analysis approaches, and their limitations, including exact and approximate methods for derivation of different acceptance criteria.
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Effect of Flow Normalization in Micro-Pin-Finned Heat Sink: Numerical Study
PublikacjaThe micro-pin-fin heat sink (MPFHS) is widely employed for the heat transfer enhancement of microchannel heat sinks. In the current paper, the effect of flow normalization on the thermohydraulic performance of micro-pin-finned heat sinks is studied numerically. Two geometries of MPFHSs, the conventional design micro-pin-fin heat sink (CD-MPFHS) with a uniform-width micro pin fin and the proposed design micro-pin-fin heat sink (PD-MPFHS)...
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Empirical Relationship Describing Total Convective and Radiative Heat Loss in Buildings
PublikacjaOn the basis of theoretical considerations of convective-radiative heat transfer, a relationship was developed enabling the total convective and radiative heat flux QC+R emitted from any object at tw and its surroundings at t∞ to be calculated from known values of the surface temperature of such an object, i.e., the known temperature difference Δt=tw - t∞ and average air temperature Tav. This relationship is applied to thermal...
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A simplified energy dissipation based model of heat transfer for subcooled flow boiling
PublikacjaIn the paper a model is presented based on energetic considerations for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer. The model is the extension of authors own model developed earlier for saturated flow boiling and condensation. In the former version of the model we used the heat transfer coefficient for the liquid single-phase as a reference level, due to the lack of the appropriate model for heat transfer coefficient for the subcooled...
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Recent advances of selected passive heat transfer intensification methods for phase change material-based latent heat energy storage units: A review
PublikacjaThe following article overviews recent studies regarding heat transfer enhancement methods, explicitly focusing on fins and coils utilization, in phase change material-based latent heat thermal energy storage systems. It discusses the influence of various geometrical and material parameters on the melting and solidification processes, as well as the orientation of the heat transfer surface within the storage tank. Additionally,...
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Management of low-temperature heat source by ORC aided by additional heat source
PublikacjaIn the paper presented is a concept to utilize waste heat from the power plant with the aid of the low-temperature ORC cycle. The ORC system is heated from two heat sources, the first one being the flow rate of waste heat obtained from the exhaust gases. Subsequently, the working fluid in the cycle is additionally heated by the condensing steam from the low pressure turbine extraction points increasing in such way the level of...
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Hyperbolic heat conduction at a microscopic sliding contact with account of adhesion-deformational heat generation and wear
PublikacjaDifferent non-Fourier models were proposed to simulate temperatures in materials subjected to extremely fast thermal disturbances, when the speed of heat propagation should be concerned. The present study investigated temperature and heat balance at a microscopic sliding contact during a single frictional interaction based on the Cattaneo-Vernotte hyperbolic heat conduction equation. Two fundamental features of friction, namely,...
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Management of low-temperature heat source by ORC aided by additional heat source
PublikacjaThe presented work is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. Therefore the precondition of the study was to use the waste heat available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. That was the incentive to search for the ways of increasing the temperature of the...
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Natural convective heat transfer from isothermal cuboids
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of theoretical and experimental investigations of the convective heat transfer from isothermal cuboid. The analytical solution was performed taking into account complete boundary layer length and the manner of its propagation around isothermal cuboid. It arises at horizontal bottom surface and grows on vertical lateral surface of the block. After changing its direction, the boundary layer occurs above...
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A simplified energy dissipation based model of heat transfer for post-dryout flow boiling
Publikacjamodel for post dryout mist flow heat transfer is presented based on considerations of energy dissipation in the flow. The model is an extension of authors own model developed earlier for saturated and subcooled flow boiling. In the former version of the model the heat transfer coefficient for the liquid singlephase convection as a reference was used, due to the lack of the appropriate model for heat transfer coefficient for the...
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Experimental study and comparison with predictive methods for flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of HFE7000
PublikacjaThis article describes an experimental study of flow boiling of HFE7000 inside a smooth vertical channel. The investigation has been carried out in a circular stainless-steel tube with an inner diameter of 2.3 mm. The data have been collected for the applied heat fluxes q ranging from 61 to 205 kW/m2, the mass flux G ranging from 214 to 1006 kg/(m2 s), the saturation temperature Tsat ranging from 30 to 54 °C and the full range...
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High-temperature heat pumps – new devices for heat recovery and production of technological steam
PublikacjaIn the paper, the original high temperature compressor based heat pump with a dry working fluid, i.e. the one in which the slope of saturated vapour line is positive, was presented. The objective of the paper is to investigate the possibility of preparation of technological steam with tempperature 120 C from the waste heat resource at temperature of 50 C. Single comppression cycles as well as cascade systems have been considered...
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Combined Heat & Power Generating Systems
PublikacjaSteam cycles in combined heat and power plants. Efficiency of combined heat and power systems. Characteristics of steam-turbine CHP plants. Choice of equipment in CHP generating systems. Economic effects of combined heat and power production. Costs and energy produced CHP generating systems. Future development trends in CHP generating systems.
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Heat exchange enhancement of jet impingement cooling with the novel humped-cone heat sink
PublikacjaJet impingement cooling technology is applicable to control temperature of devices, where very high heat flux is generated within a small area. This paper is about the improvement of the jet impingement cooling efficiency by the heat sink geometry modification. Two reference cases were sourced from the literature – flat heat sink and modified one with cone in the jet stagnation region. Such a change improves cooling capability...
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Experimental study of flow boiling pressure drop and heat transfer of R1233zd(E) at moderate and high saturation temperatures
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of experimental study of flow boiling of R1233zd(E) in minichannel at moderate and high saturation temperatures. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop were measured for flow boiling in a stainless steel tube with 2 mm inside diameter and a length of 300 mm. Experiment has been conducted for saturation temperatures ranging from 83 to 145 °C which corresponds to values of reduced pressures...
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Analytical solution of non-stationary heat conduction problem for two sliding layers with time-dependent friction conditions
PublikacjaIn this article we conduct an overview of various types of thermal contact conditions at the sliding interface. We formulate a problem of non-stationary heat conduction in two sliding layers with generalized thermal contact conditions allowing for dependence of the heat-generation coefficient and contact heat transfer coefficient on time. We then derive an analytical solution of the problem by constructing a special coordinate...
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Utilisation of waste heat from the power plant by use of the ORC aided with bleed steam and extra source of heat
PublikacjaUtilization of waste heat recovered from the exhaust gases of the power generation unit by means of ORC (organic Rankine cycles) installation is considered. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water having temperature of 90 stC in the amount of 200 MWt. To increase evaporation temperaturę of ORC working fluid the heat of steam from the extraction points from the low-pressure part of steam turbine is used....
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Co-simulation strategy of transient CFD and heat transfer in building thermal envelope based on calibrated heat transfer coefficients
PublikacjaThe paper presents a strategy to develop a fully transient numerical model of a heat transfer in building, using a transient CFD model of indoor air and a thermal envelope model, running in a co-simulation. The strategy relies on the utilization of RANS with a high-Re turbulence model and a wall function, which enables to use a coarse computational mesh limiting the computational time. Since wall functions give invalid heat transfer...
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Heat Transfer During Pool Boiling of Water, Methanol and R141b on Porous Coated Horizontal Tube Bundles
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of experimental investigation of water, methanol and R141b refrigerant boiling on horizontal porous coated tube bundles supposed to represent a flooded-type evaporator. Experiments were carried out for a bundle of 19 tubes in triangular layout for two pitch-to-diameter ratio values – 1.7 and 2.0 – in atmospheric and sub-atmospheric pressure conditions. Average heat transfer coefficients – both local,...
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New trends in development of micro heat exchangers for ORC's
PublikacjaIn the paper, new trends in development of micro heat exchangers for CHP are presented. Main attention is concentrated on the question, how channels size and thermal development lenght affect the heat transfer. New types of micro heat exchangers developed at the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery PAS and the methoda of their design are presented. The new experimental testing methods of the micro-channel heat exchangers, new algorithms...
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Heat transfer of two-interacting microjets
PublikacjaThe present paper paid particular attention to the flow and heat transfer performance for two microjets impinging upon the heated surface by means of experimental investigations.
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Cattaneo–Christov heat flow model for copper–water nanofluid heat transfer under Marangoni convection and slip conditions
PublikacjaThis report is devoted to the study of the flow of MHD nanofluids through a vertical porous plate with a temperature-dependent surface tension using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flow model. The energy equation was formulated using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model instead of Fourier’s law of heat conduction. The Tiwari–Das model was used to take into account the concentration of nanoparticles when constructing the momentum equation....
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A New Approach for the Mitigating of Flow Maldistribution in Parallel Microchannel Heat Sink
PublikacjaThe problem of flow maldistribution is very critical in microchannel heat sinks (MCHS). It induces temperature nonuniformity, which may ultimately lead to the breakdown of associated system. In the present communication, a novel approach for the mitigation of flow maldistribution problem in parallel MCHS has been proposed using variable width microchannels. Numerical simulation of copper made parallel MCHS consisting of 25 channels...
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Analytical model with non-adiabatic effects for pressure drop and heat transfer during boiling and condensation flows in conventional channels and minichannels
PublikacjaIn the paper a method developed earlier by authors is applied to calculations of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient for boiling flow and condensation flow with account of non- adiabatic effects for some recent data collected from literature. The first effect, the modification of interface shear stresses in annular flow pattern is considered through incorporation of the so called "blowing parameter". The mechanism of...
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Possibility of thermal imaging use in studies of natural convection heat transfer on the example of an isothermal vertical plate.
PublikacjaA new method of infrared (IR) camera use in convective heat transfer studies has been presented. Until now, IR cameras were utilized for temperature field visualizations of flat heated surfaces of solid objects only. Because liquids and gasses do not emit radiation in the infrared range of wave lengths, detection of temperature field in the air was conducted with the use of plastic mesh, which, after heating by hot air, emits infrared...
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Heat transfer enhancement of modular thermal energy storage unit for reversible heat pump cooperation
PublikacjaThe following article presents experimental comparison research on a hexagonal shelland-tube latent thermal energy storage (TES). Such shape of a shell was deliberately chosen instead of a cylindrical one due to its high modularity and with intent for future applications in automobiles (EV and PHEV) air conditioning systems (HVAC). Two geometries of helical coils, acting as tubes, were studied in this article. One was a simple...
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Green function diagonal for a class of heat equations
PublikacjaA construction of the heat kernel diagonal is considered as element of generalized zeta function theory, which gradient at the origin defines determinant of a differential operator in a technique for regularizing quadratic path integral. Some classes of explicit expressions of the Green function in the case of finite-gap potential coefficient of the heat equation are constructed. An algorithm and program for Mathematica are presented...
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Pedestrian on footbridges, vertical loads and response
PublikacjaThe paper is a synthesis of the experimental and theoretical investigations on dynamics of pedestrian bridges under vertical load The subject is divided into four issues.1) The pedestrian as a vertical dynamic load on footbridges, theoretic load function for walking and crouching.2) Crowd walking on the footbridge - pedestrian flow.3) Vertical lock-in effect.4) Response of the footbridge - numeric and side test results, -...
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A review of phase change materials and heat enhancement methodologies
PublikacjaPhase change materials (PCMs) are an efficient alternative to store and release heat at a specific range of temperature. Here PCMs and heat enhancement methodologies for PCM storage are reviewed. A short overview of PCMs and their applications is presented in addition to the progress during the last 10 years. Heat enhancement techniques, that is, extended surfaces, multiple and composite PCMs, and encapsulation techniques, are...