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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: GAS-PHASE%20BASICITIES
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Standard gas mixtures- indispensable reference materials in the analysis of gaseous media
PublikacjaIn recent years the need for the quality control and assurance of analytical measurement results has been particularly strongly emphasised. Certified reference materials play an invaluable role in this process. The article characterises the basic types of reference materials, focusing in particular on those in the gaseous state. It also reviews the literature on the techniques of preparing standard gas mixtures over the last ten...
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Determination of leakage inductances of multi-winding and single-phase transformer
PublikacjaThis paper presents the method for determination of leakage inductances of single-phase and multi-winding transformer. The matrix of leakage inductances takes into account leakage self and also leakage mutual magnetic couplings. It is assumed that there is a flux common to all windings and several leakage fluxes referred to a particular winding. The flux linkages of each coil needed fo calculation of leakage inductances was computed...
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Two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media with non-wetting phase trapping
PublikacjaThis article presents amathematical model describing flowof two fluid phases in a heterogeneous porous medium. Zaproponowano model matematyczny przepływu dwufazowego w drobnoziarnistym ośrodku porowatym zawierającym inkluzje gruboziarniste. Inkluzje charakteryzują się niższą wartością ciśnienia wejścia dla płynu niezwilżającego (np. powietrze, ropa naftowa) niż materiał podstawowy. Podczas nawadniania takiego ośrodka dochodzi do...
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TiO2 and Reducing Gas: Intricate Relationships to Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets
PublikacjaIn response to the imperative for sustainable iron production with reduced CO2 emissions, this study delves into the intricate role of TiO2 in the direct reduction of iron oxide pellets. The TiO2-dependent reducibility of iron oxide pellets utilizing H2 and CO gas across varied temperatures and gas compositions is thoroughly investigated. Our findings unveil the nuanced nature of the TiO2 effect, underscored by its concentration-dependent...
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Investigation of the temperature modulation parameters on semiconductor gas sensor response
PublikacjaIn this work we present the results of the investigation of the sensing properties of semiconductor gas sensors with a sinusoidally modulated temperature in the presence of synthetic air (SA) and three volatile air pollutants, i.e. NH3, NO2 and SO2. The measurements were performed for different average sensor heater temperatures and the amplitude of the modulation signal. In addition, the extraction of features from the sensor...
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Compressible gas density measurement by means of Fourier analysis of interferograms
PublikacjaThis paper describes a method for nonintrusive compressible gas density measurement by means of automated analysis of interferograms using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), and its implementation using DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform), that does make this measurement technique a fairly valuable and accessible experimental method. The presented approach makes it possible to use the finite fringe setting of the interferometer, thus reducing...
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Application analysis of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system for marine power plants
PublikacjaThe results of theoretical studies of the possibilities of using hybrid solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC-GT) systems for marine power plants are presented. A 500 kW auxiliary marine power plant scheme using stacks of SOFCs in combination with a regenerative gas turbine operating with over-expansion based on our recent patent application is proposed. The results of mathematical modelling showed the opportunity to obtain a...
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A New Approach to Generation of Standard Gas Mixtures used in the Calibration of Gas Analysers
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Sensorless Disturbance Detection for Five Phase Induction Motor with Third Harmonic Injection
PublikacjaThe paper presents a sensorless disturbance detection procedure that was done on a five phase induction motor with third harmonic injection. A test bench was developed where a three phase machine serves as disturbance generator of different frequencies. The control of the machines is based on multi scalar variables that ensures an independent control of the motor EMF and the rotor flux. For disturbance identification a speed observer...
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A gap waveguide-based mechanically reconfigurable phase shifter for high-power Ku-band applications
PublikacjaThis paper presents a novel design of a low-loss, reconfgurable broadband phase shifter based on groove gap waveguide (GGW) technology. The proposed phase shifter consists of a folded GGW and three bends with a few pins forming the GGW and one bend attached to a movable plate. This movable plate allows for adjustments to the folded waveguide length, consequently altering the phase of electromagnetic waves. The advantage of GGW...
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Numerical Simulations of Seepage in Dikes Using unsaturated and Two-Phase Flow Models
PublikacjaModeling of water flow in variably saturated porous media, including flood dikes, is often based on the Richards equation, which neglects the flow of pore air, assuming that it remains at constant atmospheric pressure. However, there is also evidence that the air flow can be important, especially when the connectivity between the pore air and atmospheric air is lost. In such cases a full two-phase air-water flow model should be...
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Phase change thermal energy storage – the experience of the materials preparation for the specific applications.
PublikacjaThermal energy storage and temperature stabilization is very important in many engineering applications. There are three kinds of thermal energy storage: sensible heat, latent heat and reversible chemical reaction heat. Phase change materials (PCM) absorb, store and release large amounts of energy in the form of latent heat, at constant temperature, called the transition temperature. Many innovative applications could be found...
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Radar Signal Parameters Estimation Using Phase Accelerogram in the Time-Frequency Domain
PublikacjaRadar signal parameter estimation, in the context of the reconstruction of the received signal in a passive radar utilizing other radars as a source of illumination, is one of the fundamental steps in the signal processing chain in such a device. The task is also a crucial one in electronic reconnaissance systems, e.g. ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) systems. In order to obtain accurate results it is important to measure, estimate...
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Observation on red blood cells fluctuations by diffraction phase microscopy
PublikacjaNowadays there is quite huge need for more and more precise and effective fast diagnostics methods in hematology diseases. One of the most important blood components are erythrocytes – Red Blood Cells (RBCs). Due to their size they are easy to observe using microscopy. It is commonly known that the shape and lifetime of RBCs allows for early disease identification. Authors present special measurement system for RBCs fluctuations...
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Application of a Gas Sensor Array to Effectiveness Monitoring of Air Contaminated with Toluene Vapors Absorption Process
PublikacjaThis article demonstrates the application of a gas sensor array to monitor the effectiveness of the absorption process of air stream purification from odorous compounds (toluene vapors). A self-constructed matrix consisting of five commercially available gas sensors was used. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was selected as the statistical technique used to calibrate the matrice. Gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization...
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Determination of volatile organic compounds in water samples using membrane-solid phase microextraction (M-SPME) (headspace version)
PublikacjaThe results of a study on the use of membrane-solid phase microextraction (M-SPME) for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the headspace above the liquid medium are presented. The sampled VOCs were subsequently quantified by gas chromatography (GC). Two systems were compared in this study, i.e. a novel two-phase sorption system (M-SPME), and a commercial fibre. Headspace sampling using SPME was optimized with respect...
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Improvements to the two-phase sandwich method for calculating the melting points of pure metals
PublikacjaThe thermophysical properties of metal alloys are often investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.An exact and reliable estimation of the thermophysical parameters from the MD data requires a properly and carefullyelaborated methodology. In this paper, an improved two-phase sandwich method for the determination of the metal meltingtemperature is proposed, based on the solid-liquid equilibrium theory. The new method was...
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Study of the influence of thermal factors on the welding process of polyethylene gas pipelines,
PublikacjaA one-dimensional calculation scheme is proposed with the help of which it is possible to determine and set the technological parameters with the accuracy to be realized in production conditions: the temperature of the heating element and the heating time, which allows maximum mechanization of the technological operations of polyethylene gas pipelines welding. The numerical value of the coefficient of temperature for polyethylene...
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Testing Stability of Digital Filters Using Multimodal Particle Swarm Optimization with Phase Analysis
PublikacjaIn this paper, a novel meta-heuristic method for evaluation of digital filter stability is presented. The proposed method is very general because it allows one to evaluate stability of systems whose characteristic equations are not based on polynomials. The method combines an efficient evolutionary algorithm represented by the particle swarm optimization and the phase analysis of a complex function in the characteristic equation....
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Five-phase squirrel-cage motor. Construction and drive properties
PublikacjaThis paper presents the simulation and experimental results of a five-phase squirrel-cage induction motor. The new machine has been designed to operate in a drive system with third harmonic rotor flux injection in order to improve the motor torque utilization. The motor structure, the mathematical model as well as the laboratory prototype have been described. The motor speed-torque characteristics and transients are elaborated...
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Identification of damages in the inlet air duct of a diesel engine based on exhaust gas temperature measurements
PublikacjaThe temperature of the exhaust gas of a diesel piston engine, measured in the characteristic control sections of its thermo-flow system, can be a valuable source of diagnostic information about the technical condition of the elements limiting the working spaces thus separated, including the turbocharging system, but also its fuel supply system and replacement of the medium. In standard marine engine measurement systems equipped...
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Research on the separation properties of empty-column gas chromatography (EC-GC) and conditions for simulated distillation (SIMDIS)
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of investigations on new procedures of determination of selected cleaning additives in diesel fuel. Two procedures: one-step analysis using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) or mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a two-step procedure in which normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) was used for preliminary separation of the additives, were compared. The additive...
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Comparison of Transmission Capacities of Two Regulation Systems: Lateral and in-phase Control Transformers
PublikacjaThis paper presents a comparison of regulation capabilities of lateral and in-phase control transformers in a selected node of a power system. Their regulation capabilities are presented, as well as cross-system exchange options.
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Determination of Odor Air Quality Index (OAQII) Using Gas Sensor Matrix
PublikacjaThis article presents a new way to determine odor nuisance based on the proposed odor air quality index (OAQII), using an instrumental method. This indicator relates the most important odor features, such as intensity, hedonic tone and odor concentration. The research was conducted at the compost screening yard of the municipal treatment plant in Central Poland, on which a self-constructed gas sensor array was placed. It consisted...
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Radioisotope measurement of selected parameters of liquid-gas flow using single detector system
PublikacjaTo determine the parameters of two-phase flows using radioisotopes, usually two detectors are used. Knowing the distance between them, the velocity of the dispersed phase is calculated based on time delay estimation. Such a measurement system requires the use of two gamma-ray sealed sources. But in some situations it is also possible to determine velocity of dispersed phase using only one scintillation probe and one gamma-ray source....
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3-phase medium frequency transformer for a 100kW 1.2kV 20kHz Dual Active Bridge converter
PublikacjaThe article presents a three-phase Medium Frequency Transformer being a part of a 100kW 1.2kV 20kHz Dual Active Bridge DC-DC converter. The transformer design is detailed focusing on winding and core power loss calculation. The high power three-phase MFT prototype is presented. The experimental results include the transformer impedance characteristics, no load test and three-phase DAB full load test waveforms
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Instantaneous Heating and Cooling Caused by Periodic or Aperiodic Sound of Any Characteristic Duration in a Gas with Vibrational Relaxation
PublikacjaThermodynamic relaxation of internal degrees of a molecule's freedom in a gas occurs with some characteristic time. This makes wave processes in a gas behave differently depending on the ratio of characteristic duration of perturbations and the relaxation time. In particular, generation of the secondary non-wave modes by intense sound in a nonlinear flow dependens on frequency. These kinds of interaction are considered in this...
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Solid Phase Synthesis and Biological Activity of Tuftsin Conjugates
PublikacjaNew tuftsin/retro-tuftsin conjugates were designed and synthesized using a classical fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid phase procedure. All the peptide conjugates were divided into three series: 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone (type A), 1-nitroacridine (type B), and 4-carboxyacridone (type C) derivatives. In type A conjugates, the N-terminal group of the peptide chain is directly connected to the anthraquinone ring at C1 (Scheme...
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Method of managing drill cuttings from shale gas formations
PublikacjaProposed management method of drill cuttings involves recycling for the expanded clay production. A theoretical presentation of the possibility, choosing planning path based on similarity between the materials used in the manufacture of expanded clay and oily cuttings. Application for the main stages of manufacture of expanded clay production of drill cuttings from shale gas extraction. Introduced into circulation solid waste partly...
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Representation of magnetic hysteresis in single-phase transformer for circuit simulations
PublikacjaThe paper presents a mathematical model for the hysteresis phenomenon in a multi-winding single-phase core type transformer. In the circuit transformer model, it is assumed that there is a flux common Φ to all windings as nonlinear and hysteretic function of the total currents Θ (Ampere turns) of all windings. To simulate magnetic behaviour of the iron core the feedback scalar Preisach model of hysteresis is developed. The Preisach...
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Solventless sample preparation techniques based on solid- and vapour-phase extraction
PublikacjaThe main objective of this review is to critically evaluate recent developments in solventless sample preparation techniques. The potential of a variety of sample preparation techniques based on solid- and vapour-phase extraction techniques is evaluated. Direct thermal extraction and derivatization processes to facilitate the extraction of analytes in different areas are included. The applicability, disadvantages and advantages...
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EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS IN DIAGNOSTICS OF TURBOCHARGED MARINE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES PART II DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS
PublikacjaThe second part of the article describes the technology of marine engine diagnostics making use of dynamic measurements of the exhaust gas temperature. Little-known achievements of Prof. S. Rutkowski of the Naval College in Gdynia (now: Polish Naval Academy) in this area are presented. A novel approach is proposed which consists in the use of the measured exhaust gas temperature dynamics for qualitative and quantitative assessment...
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Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostics of turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Part I. Standard measurements.
PublikacjaThe article discusses the problem of diagnostic informativeness of exhaust gas temperature measurements in turbocharged marine internal combustion engines. Theoretical principles of the process of exhaust gas flow in turbocharger inlet channels are analysed in its dynamic and energetic aspects. Diagnostic parameters are defined which enable to formulate general evaluation of technical condition of the engine based on standard...
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From flow to jamming: Lattice Gas Automaton simulations in granular materials
PublikacjaWe introduce the first extension of a Lattice Gas Automaton (LGA) model to accurately replicate observed emergent phenomena in granular materials with a special focus on previously unexplored jamming transitions by incorporating gravitational effects, energy dissipation in particle collisions, and wall friction. We successfully reproduce flow rate evolution, density wave formation, and jamming transition observed in experiments....
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Sensorless Multiscalar Control of Five-Phase Induction Machine with Inverter Output Filter
PublikacjaThe paper presents a complete solution for speed sensorless control system for five-phase induction motor with voltage inverter, LC filter and nonlinear control of combined fundamental and third harmonic flux distribution. The control principle, also known as multiscalar control, nonlinear control or natural variables control, is based on a use of properly selected scalar variables in control feedback to linearize controlled system....
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Fluctuation-enhanced and conductometric gas sensing with nanocrystalline NiO thin films: A comparison
PublikacjaNanocrystalline thin films of NiO were prepared by advanced reactive gas deposition, and their responses to formaldehyde, ethanol and methane gases were studied via fluctuation-enhanced and conductometric methods Thin films with thicknesses in the 200–1700-nm range were investigated in as-deposited form and after annealing at 400 and 500 °C. Morphological and structural analyses showed porous deposits with NiO nanocrystals having...
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Kinetics of Intermetallic Phase Precipitation in Manual Metal Arc Welded Duplex Stainless Steels
PublikacjaThe article presents the influence of heat treatment on the kinetics of transformations in lean duplex LDX2101 steel and a weld made of standard duplex 2209 material, which was welded by manual metal arc welding. Changes in the microstructure, hardness, and magnetic phase content were analyzed after heat treatment was conducted at a temperature of 800 °C for a period ranging from 15 to 1440 min. Light and scanning microscopy, Vickers...
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Fluctuation enhanced gas sensing using UV irradiated Au-nanoparticle-decorated WO3-nanowire films
PublikacjaWO3 nanowires (WO3-NWs) decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were utilized in resistive gas sensor devices to detect ethanol by use of fluctuation enhanced sensing (FES). The experimental system records both DC resistance and fluctuations of the sensing film. Our data verify that the sensitivity and selectivity of the gas sensor are improved by applying FES when the sensor is stimulated with a combination of UV light and heating....
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Size Exclusion Coupled to Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography for the Characterization of Cranberry Products
PublikacjaA combination of solvent extraction, size exclusion purification, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV absorption and fluorescence detection was here used for the determination of flavan-3-ols and related oligomeric compounds in cranberry products. The method relied on robust, simple, and inexpensive instrumental equipment present in most of routine analytical laboratories. Sample extracts in methanol/water/hydrochloric...
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Improving operating efficiency of a gas turboset via cooperation with an absorption refrigerating machine
PublikacjaThe analysis of increase of ambient air temperature entering the compressor on reduction in power output from the turbine and increase fuel use was conduced. For medium size gas turbine operates in winter and summer conditions elementary power and economical values was calculated. Conditions of the determination of turbine inlet air cooling solution (using thermal storage for reduce equipment size) are presented
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Research on flue gas flow measurement and modelling in the moving grate biomass boiler
PublikacjaThe aim of this research was to determine the nature of gas flow in a grate boiler model by the method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and CFD. The paper presents the comparison of the PIV results with numerical simulations made in the environment of ANSYS Fluent. The main goal of the experiment was to describe the phenomena occurring on the grate. Methodology of modelling solid fuel combustion on the moving grate was proposed...
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Interaction of Acoustic and Thermal Modes in the Gas with Nonequilibrium Chemical Reactions: Possibilities of Acoustic Cooling
PublikacjaNonlinear generation of thermal mode during propagation of dominative sound in a chemically reacting gas is considered. The dynamic equation of excess temperature associated with the thermal mode is derived. It is instantaneous and includes quadratic nonlinear acoustic source reflecting the nonlinear character of interaction between acoustic and non-acoustic types of gas motion. Both periodic and aperiodic sound may be considered...
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Compact 4 × 4 butler matrix with non‐standard phase differences for IoT applications
PublikacjaButler matrices represent a popular class of feeding networks for antenna arrays. Large dimensions and the lack of flexibility in terms of achievable output phase difference make conventional Butler structures of limited use for modern communication devices. In this work, a compact planar 4 × 4 matrix with non-standard relative phase shifts of –30º, 150º, –120º, and 60º has been proposed. The structure is designed to operate at...
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Time window based features extraction from temperature modulated gas sensors for prediction of ammonia concentration
PublikacjaElectronic gas recognition systems, in literature commonly referred as electronic noses, enable the recognition of a type and a concentration of various volatile compounds. Typical electronic gas-analyzing device consists of four main elements, namely, gas delivery subsystem, an array of gas sensors, data acquisition and power supply circuits and data analysis software. The commercially available metal-oxide TGS sensors are widely...
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Inspection of Gas Pipelines Using Magnetic Flux Leakage Technology
PublikacjaMagnetic non-destructive testing methods can be classified into the earliest methods developed for assessment of steel constructions. One of them is the magnetic flux leakage technology. A measurement of the magnetic flux leakage is quite commonly used for examination of large objects such as tanks and pipelines. Construction of a magnetic flux leakage tool is relatively simple, but a quantitative analysis of recorded data is a...
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Investigation of ecological parameters of a gas turbine combustion chamber with steam injection for the floating production, storage, and offloading vessel
PublikacjaThe article is dedicated to the investigation of the possibility of using the contact type gas turbine cycle with steam injection into the combustion chamber for the floating production, storage, and offloading vessel in order to increase the specific power and efficiency and reduce emissions of toxic components. A new approach is proposed, associated with the use of the two-stage injection of superheated steam into a gas turbine...
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Measurement method for capacitive sensors for microcontrollers based on a phase shifter
PublikacjaA complete measurement method dedicated to capacitive sensors has been developed. It includes the development of hardware (an analogue interface circuit for microcontrollers with built-in times/counters and analogue comparators) and software (a measurement procedure and a systematic error calibration (correction) algorithm which is based on a calibration dictionary). The interface circuit consists of a low-pass filter and a phase...
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Nonlinear Interaction of Modes in a Planar Flow of a Gas with Viscous and Thermal Attenuation
PublikacjaThe nonlinear interaction of wave and non-wave modes in a gas planar flow are considered. Attention is mainly paid to the case when one sound mode is dominant and excites the counter-propagating sound mode and the entropy mode. The modes are determined by links between perturbations of pressure, density, and fluid velocity. This definition follows from the linear conservation equations in the differential form and thermodynamic...
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A Linear Phase Filter in Quadruplet Topology With Frequency-Dependent Couplings
PublikacjaThis letter presents a design of a linear phase microwave bandpass filter. The filter is composed of four resonators arranged in the quadruplet topology. Making the cross and one direct coupling dispersive gives additional design flexibility. The first advantage of using frequency-dependent couplings is the possibility to chose an arbitrary location of a pair of complex transmission zeros (TZs) in the s-domain. The second one is...
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Modern trends in solid phase extraction: New sorbent media
PublikacjaBased on the recently published literature, this review provides an update of the most important features and application of formats and devices employed in solid phase extraction (SPE). Special attention was paid on new trapping media proposed in SPE prior the chromatography analysis, based on the use of nanostructured materials, including carbon nanomaterials, electrospun nanofibers, dendrimes and magnetic nanoparticles, molecular...