Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: COSTS
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Combined Heat & Power Generating Systems
PublikacjaSteam cycles in combined heat and power plants. Efficiency of combined heat and power systems. Characteristics of steam-turbine CHP plants. Choice of equipment in CHP generating systems. Economic effects of combined heat and power production. Costs and energy produced CHP generating systems. Future development trends in CHP generating systems.
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Swarm-Assisted Investment Planning of a Bioethanol Plant
PublikacjaBioethanol is a liquid fuel for which a significant increase in the share of energy sources has been observed in the economies of many countries. The most significant factor in popularizing bioethanol is the profitability of investments in construction of facilities producing this energy source, as well as the profitability of its supply chain. With the market filled with a large amount of equipment used in the bioethanol production...
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Cybersecurity in the Electricity Sector
PublikacjaThis book offers a systematic explanation of cybersecurity protection of electricity supply facilities, including discussion of related costs, relevant standards, and recent solutions. The author explains the current state of cybersecurity in the electricity market, and cybersecurity standards that apply in that sector. He then offers a systematic approach to cybersecurity management, including new methods of cybersecurity assessment,...
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The Application of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) Technique in Corrosion and Corrosion Inhibition Studies
Publikacjaorrosion studies have attracted considerable interest in the areas of materials chemistry and industrial chemistry, as it affects the direct and indirect costs of industry, leading to huge economic setbacks due to the need for repair, maintenance, and even shutdowns due corrosion damage. This new volume is a comprehensive resource that presents new and up-to-date, theoretical, and experimental corrosion inhibition studies.
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Interconnection of the Customer-Side Resources Using Single Phase VAPF
PublikacjaThe paper introduces method for utilization of the customer-side generated energy using single phase voltage active power filter. Structure and control method of the power electronics converter has been described and some simulation results are shown to prove usefulness of this arrangements. Proposed application realizes the following functions: power quality improvement, uninterruptible supplying and energy costs reduction.
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Pipeline System for Heat Transportation from Nuclear Power Plant – an Optimizing Approach
PublikacjaOver the last few years heat piping insulation technology and pump systems efficiency have been significantly improved. Reduced thermal losses encourage heat transportation over long distances. It provides an opportunity for increasing thermodynamic efficiency of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) that are often located in rural areas because of safety issues. It can be achieved by Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation, as heat produced...
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Positivity and job burnout in emergency personnel: examining linear and curvilinear relationship
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between the ratio of job-related positive to negative emotions (positivity ratio) and job burnout is best described as linear or curvilinear. Participants were 89 police officers (12% women) and 86 firefighters. The positivity ratio was evaluated using the Job-related Affective Wellbeing Scale (Van Katwyk, Fox, Spector, & Kelloway, 2000). Exhaustion and disengagement,...
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Enzyme immobilization on magnetic nanoparticles
PublikacjaImmobilized enzymes have been commonly used in many branches of industry, biotechnology, medicine and also in analytical chemistry. Their use provides many advantages in comparison with free enzymes including repeated, easy recovery of the enzyme and improvement in enzyme stability. Enzymes are strong and specific catalysts, but are also expensive and fragile. Their immobilization and stabilization may reduce reaction costs, which...
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The assessment of solar photovoltaic in Poland: the photovoltaics potential, perspectives and development
PublikacjaThe following article explains the current condition of the photovoltaics sector both in Poland and worldwide. Recently, a rapid development of solar energy has been observed in Poland and is estimated that the country now has about 700,000 photovoltaics prosumers. In October 2021, the total photovoltaics power in Poland amounted to nearly 5.7 GW. The calculated technical potential of photovoltaics in Poland is 153.484 PJ (42.634...
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Basic financial categories of non-public universities in 2010 (in PLN thousand)
Dane BadawczeIn 2010, non-public universities achieved a positive gross and net financial result. In nominal terms, the net financial result decreased compared to 2009 by 43.7%. It was lower than the net financial result of public universities by PLN 348.3 million. and amounted to PLN 148.1 million.
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Income obtained according to particular rates only by taxpayers conducting non-agricultural business activity 2015
Dane BadawczeTaxation in the form of a lump sum on recorded revenues does not apply to certain types of activity, regardless of their size. We are talking about taxpayers who achieve revenue in whole or in part, among others from on account of running pharmacies, activities in the field of buying and selling foreign exchange values, activities in the field of trade...
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ADOPTED ISOCHRONE METHOD IMPROVING SHIP SAFETY IN WEATHER ROUTING WITH EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH
PublikacjaThe paper is focused on adaptation of an isochrone method necessary for application to a weather routing system with evolutionary approach. Authors propose an adaptation of the isochrone method with area partitioning assuring that the route found by the adopted method would not cross land. In result, when applied to a weather routing system with evolutionary approach, this proposal facilitates creation of initial population, resulting...
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The value of independent investigations within integrated transport safety systems
PublikacjaThe importance of independent investigations into the causes of transport accidents is still underestimated in poland in the same way as the right of society to adequate information on safety. Meanwhile international experience shows that they can effectively improve safety by reducing the costs, enhancing the transfer of safety lessons between different modes of transport, facilitating the advancement of new and innovative investigation...
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Sailing Vessel Routing Considering Safety Zone and Penalty Time for Altering Course
PublikacjaIn this paper we introduce new model for simulation sea vessel routing. Besides a vessel types (polar diagram) and weather forecast, travel security and the number of maneuvers are considered. Based on these data both the minimal travelling costs and the minimal processing time are found for different vessels and different routes. To test our model the applications SailingAssistance wad improved. The obtained results shows that...
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Metoda kosztów narastających w ocenie ekonomicznej efektywności układów ogrzewania z pompami ciepła
PublikacjaObliczenia ekonomicznej efektywności instalacji ogrzewania z pompą ciepła sprowadza się do porównania kosztów wytwarzania w niej ciepła z kosztami wytwarzania ciepła w instalacji konwencjonalnej z kotłem olejowym, gazowym, elektrycznym, itd. W artykule opisano metodę kosztów narastających (MKN), która przypomina znaną od dawna i cieszącą się coraz większym zainteresowaniem metodę LCC (Live Cycle Costs)
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USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR PREDICTING SHIP FUEL CONSUMPTION
PublikacjaIn marine vessel operations, fuel costs are major operating costs which affect the overall profitability of the maritime transport industry. The effective enhancement of using ship fuel will increase ship operation efficiency. Since ship fuel consumption depends on different factors, such as weather, cruising condition, cargo load, and engine condition, it is difficult to assess the fuel consumption pattern for various types...
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Reliability estimation of underground horizontal fuel tank limit states
PublikacjaFuel tanks are designed with regard to standard loads and operating conditions. The investigations of the paper show the impact of such factors as tank corrosion and other means on the variation of stress fields and deformation of the underground horizontal tank shell. The introduction of probabilistic methods allows for structural reliability assessment. While the computational time of the entire tank FEM model is high, the preliminary...
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NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS IN EXTRACTION PROCESS
PublikacjaDeveloping new, eco-friendly solvents which would meet technological and economic demands is perhaps the most popular aspects of Green Chemistry. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) fully meet green chemistry principles. These solvents offer many advantages including biodegradability, low toxicity, sustainability, low costs and simple preparation. This paper provides an overview of knowledge regarding NADES with special emphasis...
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New model of cooperation between logistics center and maritime container terminal
PublikacjaThe following article presents the innovative concept of logistics centers called “port-centric logistics”, which finds close co-operation with maritime container port. This concept can reduce the costs of logistics operations. In the first part the author focuses on describing the specifics of logistics centers. The following parts include characteristic of “port-centric logistics” concept. The last part of the paper contains...
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A method for preliminary estimation of the length of midship body block to be inserted during ship’s conversion
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method for preliminary estimation of the length of the midship body block, which inserted in the original hull, increases the deadweight of the ship in line with a required quantity. The method may be useful for establishing the scope of conversion to better adjust the ship for transportation tasks. The problem is formulated by using a mathematical model so selected that its solution, under set of assumptions,...
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Reduced-order models in the finite element analysis
PublikacjaA novel technique of incorporating macromodels into finite element electromagnetic analysis of waveguide components is presented. Macromodels are generated by using a model order reduction algorithm (ENOR), which results in significant decrease of the number of variables, that describe the computational region. Proposed technique allows for using a few independent macromodels as well as to duplicating one macromodel in many subregions...
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Optimised Allocation of Hard Quality Sensors for Robust Monitoring of Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
PublikacjaA problem of optimised placement of the hard quality sensors in Drinking Water Distribution Systems for robust quality monitoring is formulated. Two numerical algorithms to solve the problem are derived. The optimality is meant as achieving a desired trade off between the sensor capital and maintenance costs and resulting robust estimation accuracy of the monitoring algorithm. The robust estimation algorithm recently developed...
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Photolytic and Photocatalytic Recreational Water Treatment
PublikacjaDisinfection is one of the most important steps during recreational water treatment. Nevertheless, disinfection by-products are formed by conventional disinfectants, which pose several health threats. The concentration of disinfection by-products can be decreased by photolytic and photocatalytic treatment. Medium-pressure mercury lamp, UV-LEDs and solar irradiation were investigated and evaluated considering emitted wavelength,...
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OPTIMAL FARM SIZE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURE IN THE EU: THE CASE OF WHEAT YIELDS
PublikacjaThe article concentrates on the relationship between the size of a farm and its efficiency in relation to wheat production in the European Union (EU). The issue is not new, however fundamental from the point of view of the agricultural policy, as the appropriate shape of the agrarian structure affects the economic rationality in agriculture and significantly improves the productivity. We analysed data for the period between 2004...
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Indicators describing the effectiveness of tax systems of selected OECD countries
Dane BadawczeThe following research data include indicators describing the effectiveness of the tax administration activity in Poland compared to selected countries. In economic understanding efficiency is measured by the calculation of the expenditure of funds spent on its operation and performance of statutory functions. In this respect, the basic indicator is...
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UG students’ perception of city’s corporation activities aimed at encouraging young educated to study and settle in Gdansk in Poland.
Dane BadawczeNowadays, the urban areas very often attract the poor and the unemployed, leading to the creation of neighbourhoods of poverty (slums) and other economic and social problems. All over the World cities include sustainable goals in their development strategies but the question is, whether the city development strategies foresee activities devoted also...
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Accuracy of Trajectory Tracking Based on Nonlinear Guidance Logic for Hydrographic Unmanned Surface Vessels
PublikacjaA new trend in recent years for hydrographic measurement in water bodies is the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). In the process of navigation by USVs, it is particularly important to control position precisely on the measuring profile. Precise navigation with respect to the measuring profile avoids registration of redundant data and thus saves time and survey costs. This article addresses the issue of precise navigation...
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Special Issue "Applications of Finite Element Modeling for Mechanical and Mechatronic Systems"
PublikacjaNumerical modeling is very important in today's engineering because, among other things, it reduces the costs associated with prototyping or predicting the occurrence of potentially dangerous situations during operation in certain defined conditions. Different methods have so far been used to implement the real structure into the numerical version. The most popular have been variations of the finite element method (FEM). The aim...
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Multi-objective Tabu-based Differential Evolution for Teleportation of Smart Virtual Machines in Private Computing Clouds
PublikacjaWe propose a multi-objective approach for using differential evolution algorithm with tabu search algorithm as an additional mutation for live migration (teleportation) of virtual machines. This issue is crucial in private computing clouds. Teleportation of virtual machines is supposed to be planned to determine Pareto-optimal solutions for several criteria such as workload of the bottleneck host, communication capacity of the...
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Assessment and Optimization of Air Monitoring Network for Smart Cities with Multicriteria Decision Analysis
PublikacjaEnvironmental monitoring networks need to be designed in efficient way, to minimize costs and maximize the information granted by their operation. Gathering data from monitoring stations is also the essence of Smart Cities. Agency of Regional Air Quality Monitoring in the Gdańsk Metropolitan Area (pol. ARMAAG) was assessed in terms of its efficiency to obtain variety of information. The results on one-month average concentrations...
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Social networks as a context for small business? A new look at an enterprise in the context of a smallness and newness liability syndrome
PublikacjaIn this paper we aim to propose and outline key ingredients to a small enterprise success, emerging from the social capital of small business owner-managers and their business networks. We employ resource based view of an organization as well as an embeddedness perspective along with new approach transaction costs to outline the pillars of an advantage of a small business entity. The analysis of survey data leads us to conclusion,...
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Law regulation in Poland related to biofuels
PublikacjaThe situation in the area of using biofuels in transport mostly the law aspects was presented and discussed. In Poland there are various legal issues with biofuel production, examination and use. These include among the others: quality inspection, production costs and market prices of biofuels, forms of public and legal service for biofuel producers or programs of biofuels promotion. In order to popularise biofuels it is significant...
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Is it all about networking? Building a sustainable value of a small enterprise in Polish context
PublikacjaIn this paper we aim to propose and outline key ingredients to a small enterprise success, emerging from the social capital of small business owner-managers and their business networks. We employ resource based view of an organization as well as an embeddedness perspective along with new approach transaction costs to outline the pillars of an advantage of a small business entity. The analysis of survey data leads us to conclusion,...
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DETERMINANTY WZROSTU POLSKIEGO EKSPORTU PRZEMYSŁU PRZETWÓRCZEGO – ANALIZA DŁUGOOKRESOWA
PublikacjaGłównym celem artykułu było określenie determinant eksportu polskiego przemysłu przetwórczego na podstawie danych pochodzących z 13 podsekcji przetwórstwa przemysłowego wyodrębnionych zgodnie z NACE 1.1. Analiza z wykorzystaniem modelu ECM objęła lata 1995–2011 i została przeprowadzona dwutorowo – dla całej sekcji przemysłu przetwórczego oraz dla poszczególnych jego podsekcji. Autorki zbadały, jak popyt zagraniczny, popyt krajowy,...
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Latest Achievements in Concrete Structures Three-Dimensional Printing
PublikacjaWe can hear about three-dimensional printed concrete structures for several years, up to date solutions in this technology allow entire printing settlements of tiny concrete houses. Due to technical limitations, these houses are still small and not very durable, but undoubtedly, this technology is developing. Home printed in three-dimensional technology can be an alternative to modular container buildings implemented in areas affected...
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Decision support system for design of long distance heat transportation system
PublikacjaDistrict Heating (DH) systems are commonly supplied using local heat sources. Nowadays, modern insulation materials allow for effective and economically viable heat transportation over long distances (over 20 km). The paper proposes a Decision Support System (DSS) for optimized selection of design and operating parameters of a long distance Heat Transportation System (HTS). The method allows for evaluation of feasibility and effectiveness...
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Selecting cost-effective risk control option for advanced maritime operations; Integration of STPA-BN-Influence diagram
PublikacjaAdvanced maritime operations, such as remote pilotage, are vulnerable to new emergent risks due to increased system complexity and a multitude of interactions. Thus, maritime researchers this decade have combined Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and Bayesian Network (BN) to effectively manage these risks. Although these methods are effective in identifying hazards and analyzing risk levels, none of the STPA-BN studies...
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Wpływ zastosowania nakładek wzmacniających środnik na nośność i sztywność doczołowego węzła śrubowego.
PublikacjaCiągłe dążenie do upraszczania elementów konstrukcyjnych oraz znajdowania mniej czasochłonnych rozwiązań wykonawczo – montażowych wraz z nieuchronnym wzrostem kosztów robocizny determinują m.in. eliminację z procesów technologicznych tych etapów, które nie podlegają automatyzacji. Taką czynnością jest przede wszystkim spawanie dodatkowych wzmocnień i usztywnień węzłów w postaci żeber. Efektem wieloletnich badań jest metoda przedstawiona...
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Wpływ ekologicznych czynników roboczych na efektywność układu sprężarkowej pompy ciepła (The impact of environmentally friendly refrigerants on heat pump efficiency)
PublikacjaArtykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu symulacji pracy układu sprężarkowej pompy ciepła. Prawidłowe zaprojektowanie instalacji oraz jej właściwe użytkowanie pozwala na zmniejszenie kosztów eksploatacji. Dokładna analiza techniczno-ekonomiczna umożliwia natomiast dobór elementów systemu o możliwie największej sprawności, a zatem niskim zapotrzebowaniu na energię. Zastosowanie układów opartych o perspektywiczne, proekologiczne czynniki...
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Integrated membrane bioreactors modelling: A review on new comprehensive modelling framework
PublikacjaIntegrated Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) models, combination of biological and physical models, have been representing powerful tools for the accomplishment of high environmental sustainability. This paper, produced by the International Water Association (IWA) Task Group on Membrane Modelling and Control, reviews the state-of-the-art, identifying gaps for future researches, and proposes a new integrated MBR modelling framework. In...
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Small Vessel with Inboard Engine Retrofitting Concepts; Real Boat Tests, Laboratory Hybrid Drive Tests and Theoretical Studies
PublikacjaThe development of modern technologies and their increasing availability, as well as the falling costs of highly ecient propulsion systems and power sources, have resulted in electric or hybrid propulsions systems’ growing popularity for use on watercraft. Presented in the paper are design and lab tests of a prototype parallel hybrid propulsion system. It describes a concept of retrofitting a conventionally powered nine meter-long...
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Design and implementation of the driver system for Hamamatsu C12880MA microspectrometer
PublikacjaRecent miniaturization developments in devices for spectroscopy have reduced greatly their costs and increased their availability for a wide range of users and applications. This paper presents the design and implementation of a driver system for a Hamamatsu C12880MA microspectrometer. The system implementation was carried out and compared using two independent microcontroller modules: Arduino Uno and STM32F411RE Nucleo. We assessed...
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Quality assessment of high voltage varistors by third harmonic index
PublikacjaHigh voltage varistors that consist of grained ZnO have to be tested before assembling into a surge arrester. The existing methods demand a usage of high voltages and intensive currents that is inconvenient, destructive and needs extensive power consumption. Additionally, these methods require metallization of the prepared varistor structures that increases costs. We propose another method of varistors quality assessments by a...
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Reliability And Safety As An Objective Of Intelligent Transport Systems In Urban Areas
PublikacjaTechnologies that use transport telematics offer tools for strengthening urban transport systems. They rationalise the use of the existing infrastructure and transport management systems, increase their reliability and safety and improve the transport behaviour of residents, while reducing the operating costs of transport. The main reason for using Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) is the need to implement measures to reduce...
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A note on polynomial algorithm for cost coloring of bipartite graphs with Δ ≤ 4
PublikacjaIn the note we consider vertex coloring of a graph in which each color has an associated cost which is incurred each time the color is assigned to a vertex. The cost of coloring is the sum of costs incurred at each vertex. We show that the minimum cost coloring problem for n-vertex bipartite graph of degree ∆≤4 can be solved in O(n^2) time. This extends Jansen’s result [K.Jansen,The optimum cost chromatic partition problem, in:...
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Third harmonic index as a diagnostic tool of high-voltage varistors
PublikacjaThe recommended methods for standard testing of high-voltage varistors demand application of high voltages and intensive currents that is inconvenient and needs extensive power consumption. These methods require metallization of the prepared ZnO structures that increases costs of testing. Another method of varistor quality and endurance evaluation by the third harmonic index measurement at relatively low voltage range has been...
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MARKAL LONG-TERM POWER GENERATION SCENARIOS FOR POLAND: INCREASING THE SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY 2040
PublikacjaIn this paper, renewable energy sources (RES) support mechanisms in Poland was presented with perspectives of proposed support system modifications, discussed in the project of Renewable Energy Act. In addition, MARKAL model of RES support mechanism was presented, taking into account technology-specific multiplication factors. Two model runs with emission trading system in place and two additional runs without emission trade were...
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The demand for skills and the labor cost in partner countries: evidence from the enlarged EU
PublikacjaWe analyse the consequences of trade integration in Europe (1995-2005) detecting how thelabor costs in partner countries affects the demand for domestic high- and low-skilled labor inthe EU-15 (Old) and five New member states. In general, independently on the skill level, the resultshint at complementarity between domestic and foreign labor. However, the demand for thehigh skilled in New EU members' low skill intensive sectors...
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Fast Simulation-Driven Design of a Planar UWB Dipole Antenna with an Integrated Balun
PublikacjaThe paper presents a design of an ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with an integrated balun. A fully planar balun interfacing the microstrip input of the structure to the coplanar stripline (CPS) input of the dipole antenna is introduced. The electromagnetic (EM) model of the structure includes the dipole, the balun, and the microstrip input to account for interactions over the UWB band. The EM model is adjusted for low reflection...
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Determinants of trade balance in Polish and Czech manufacturing sectors
PublikacjaResearch background: A strong industrial base is essential for achieving long-term sustainable economic growth and export competitiveness. In that sense, manufacturing remains a significant contributor to exports in the CEE countries. However, its role and its influence vary between CEE economies and change over time. Purpose of the article: The main objective of this paper is to compare the determinants of the international competitiveness,...