Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: cooperative banking sector - MOST Wiedzy

Wyszukiwarka

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: cooperative banking sector

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: cooperative banking sector

  • Global value chains and inward FDI: An empirical investigation of European firms

    Publikacja

    - WORLD ECONOMY - Rok 2024

    This paper empirically investigates whether and how the level of GVC integration of a given market may explain the presence of foreign-owned firms. Using firm-level data from 28 European Union countries during the period 2008–2014, we provide evidence that a greater country-sector-level GVC participation, via both backward and forward linkages, exerts a positive effect on a firm's likelihood to receive FDI. These findings appear...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Real estate investment trusts in Turkey: Structure, analysis, and strategy

    Publikacja

    - Journal of Business, Economics and Finance - Rok 2017

    Purpose-Aim of this study is to make the determinations related to the problems mentioned in the REIT sector in Turkey, to offer a solution for this issue, and to ensure the classification in the sector by adhering to the financial data of the REITsMethodology-Financial data set of the REITs was firstly standardized by using median instead of mean. Then, the scoring was performed according to defined coefficients....

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Efficient Use of Capital: Paradox of Real Estate and Industry in Turkey

    Publikacja

    In recent years, one of the hottest debates on Turkish economy is the conflict on resource allocation between real estate and industry sectors. The debate was so intense that ex-minister of Economy Mr. Ali Babacan declared his opinions. Mr. Babacan’s statements about the creation of fixed capital by the private sector is not promising, and private sector fixed capital expenditures are not in the desired level. This situation is...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Linkages between services and manufacturing as a new channel for GVC growth: evidence from CEE countries

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2018

    The aim of this paper is to use a panel Granger causality test to verify the hypothesis of the existence of a causal relationship between forward linkages from domestic services to manufacturing and a country’s participation and position in GVCs in selected central and eastern European economies – the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovakia – for the period 2000-2014. Our results show that the Baltic...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Pilot Testing of Developed Multimodal Biometric Identity Verification System

    The bank client identity verification system developed in the course of the IDENT project is presented. The total number of five biometric modalities including: dynamic signature proofing, voice recognition, face image verification, face contour extraction and hand blood vessels distribution comparison have been developed and studied. The experimental data were acquired employing multiple biometric sensors installed at engineered...

  • Krystian Zawadzki dr hab. inż.

    Krystian Zawadzki jest pracownikiem Katedry Finansów na Wydziale Zarządzania i Ekonomii Politechniki Gdańskiej; członkiem Polskiej Akademii Olimpijskiej przy PKOl; koordynatorem Szkoły Giełdowej (GPW) w Gdańsku; kierownikiem studiów podyplomowych "Inwestycje kapitałowe i zarządzanie finansami osobistymi"; członkiem komisji rewizyjnej klubu sportowego "Sportowa Politechnika". Założyciel kanału o tematyce naukowo-finansowo-sportowej...

  • COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF KAZAKHSTAN ENTERPRISES

    This paper presents the instruments of internationalization of enterprises operating within the Eurasian Economic Union. Research contains answers of 108 enterprises exporters located in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the paper is to show the main forms of the internationalization of enterprises in Kazakhstan. The paper also presents the following instruments of enterprises’ internationalization including: indirect...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • The potential of web awareness as a determinant of dually defined customer value

    Publikacja

    - TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE - Rok 2021

    In the conditions of increasing demand barrier, the enterprise’s basic capital is customers. From an enterprise point of view, this means the need to create a dual perceived and defined customer value which remains related to market value (income and development potential) and customer resource value (reference, information and cooperative potential). The progressing digitisation process transfers business processes, and thus relationships, into...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Crowdsourcing-Based Evaluation of Automatic References Between WordNet and Wikipedia

    The paper presents an approach to build references (also called mappings) between WordNet and Wikipedia. We propose four algorithms used for automatic construction of the references. Then, based on an aggregation algorithm, we produce an initial set of mappings that has been evaluated in a cooperative way. For that purpose, we implement a system for the distribution of evaluation tasks, that have been solved by the user community....

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • A METHOD OF TRUST MANAGEMENT IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

    The research problem considered in this paper is how to protect wireless sensor networks (WSN) against cyber-threats by applying trust management and how to strengthen network resilience to attacks targeting the trust management mechanism itself. A new method, called WSN Cooperative Trust Management Method (WCT2M), of distributed trust management in multi-layer wireless sensor networks is proposed and its performance is evaluated....

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Maria Jastrzębska dr hab.

    Maria Jastrzębska jest pracownikiem Katedry Finansów.  Autorka ponad 170 publikacji, w tym 8 monografii - Zarządzanie finansami gmin. Aspekty teoretyczne; Polityka budżetowa jednostek samorządu terytorialnego; Zarządzanie długiem jednostek samorządu terytorialnego; Finanse jednostek samorządu terytorialnego; Zarządzanie ryzykiem w działalności jednostek samorządu terytorialnego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ryzyka katastroficznego...

  • Recycling of photovoltaic modules - legal status, technology, market prospects

    Publikacja

    The increase in the number of manufactured and installed photovoltaic modules and the growing concern about the insufficient supply of pure silicon imply the need to take action to develop infrastructure for recycling PV modules. The article presents a multifaceted analysis of the current state of development of the photovoltaic module recycling sector from a global and national perspective. The essence of the issue was introduced...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Knowledge Sharing in the COVID-19 Era of Remote Teaching: What Can Academia Learn from Business?

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2021

    Purpose: The aim of this paper is to investigate how universities may benefit from experiences of businesses that were also forced to use remote forms of business operations. Methodology: The paper uses in-depth interviews to explore the possibilities of knowledge sharing improvements at the university-level teaching, based on the experiences elicited in the business sector. The theoretical sampling was used to find informants...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Income obtained according to particular rates only by taxpayers conducting non-agricultural business activity in 2016

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    A special form of income taxation addressed to the SME sector is the Lump sum on registered income, which is a simplified form of income tax payment for natural persons conducting business activity.The choice of this form of taxation is optional. In 2016, the tax in this form could be paid by taxpayers who in 2015 obtained income from non-agricultural...

  • Usability study of various biometric techniques in bank branches

    Publikacja

    The purpose of the presented research was to evaluate the performance of the prepared biometric algorithms and obtain information on the opinions and preferences of their users in bank branches. The study aimed to determine users' attitudes towards particular modalities and preferences on how to use biometrics after the bank customers had practical experience with the operation of the prototype solutions. The research results...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Empirical investigation on labour market interactions in an enlarged Europe

    Publikacja

    - Bank i Kredyt - Rok 2009

    This paper proposes an empirical assessment of economic interactions between the labour markets ofthe integrating EU over the period of time 1995-2005. Drawing on recently made available industrystatistics, we provide a sector level study (13 tradable sectors, including manufacturing and services),analysing the contemporary evolution of domestic and trade partners' employment levels. Given theintensification of trade relations...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • The scope of fiscal decentralisation in EU countries: a comparative analysis

    Publikacja

    Motivation: Decentralization is one of the main challenges in public sector reform. In democratic countries the level of decentralisation in individual countries is not identical. The varying scope of decentralization affects the quality, quick and efficient decision-making by public leaders. Aim: Comparison of the extent of fiscal decentralisation in EU Member States; creation of groups of states with similar levels of decentralisation;...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Integrated sectors - diversified earnings: the (mising) impact of offshoring on wages and wage convergence in the EU27

    This paper assesses the impact of international outsourcing/offshoring practices on the process of wage equalization across manufacturing sectors in a sample of EU27 economies (1995–2009). We discriminate between heterogeneous wage effects on different skill categories of workers (low, medium and high skill). The main focus is on the labour market outcomes of vertical integration, so we augment a model of conditional wage convergence through...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Integrated Sectors - Diversified Earnings: The (Missing) Impact of Offshoring on Wages and Wage Convergence in the EU27

    Publikacja

    This paper assesses the impact of international outsourcing/offshoring practices on the process of wage equalization across manufacturing sectors in a sample of EU27 economies (1995-2009). We discriminate between heterogeneous wage effects on different skill categories of workers (low, medium and high skill). The main focus is on the labour market outcomes of vertical integration, so we augment a model of conditional wage convergence...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • On reliability assessment of ship machinery system in different autonomy degree; A Bayesian-based approach

    Publikacja
    • A. BahooToroody
    • M. M. Abaei
    • O. Valdez Banda
    • J. Montewka
    • P. Kujala

    - OCEAN ENGINEERING - Rok 2022

    Analyzing the reliability of autonomous ships has recently attracted attention mainly due to epistemic uncertainty (lack of knowledge) integrated with automatic operations in the maritime sector. The advent of new random failures with unrecognized failure patterns in autonomous ship operations requires a comprehensive reliability assessment specifically aiming at estimating the time in which the ship can be trusted to be left unattended....

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Wspomaganie pracy zdalnej w projektach UE - projekt Socrates Grundtvig ''Meeting of Generations''.

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2003

    Środowisko BSCW (Basic Support for Cooperative Work) jest przykładem narzędzia służącego do zarządzania projektami w Internecie. Zalety takiego narzędzia są bardzo liczne, począwszy od magazynowania informacji aż do jej wykorzystania w różnym czasie i w różnych lokalizacjach posiadających dostęp do sieci Internet. Dzięki kontrolowanemu dostępowi do dokumentów (autoryzacja podczas logowania) system wspomaga zarządzanie wieloma...

  • A Paradigm for HV, MV, LV Distribution Grid Development Planning

    Publikacja

    In the literature, including that relating to businesses in the energy (and power) sector, the concept of these organizations’ operating paradigm may be found. The paper discusses the concept of the paradigm, with a focus on the power grid development planning paradigm. Against this background, issues related to energy security and power systems development trends and problems are presented. A new paradigm is proposed for distribution...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Aktualne trendy w zakresie certyfikacji normatywnych systemów zarządzania w branży spożywczej

    Publikacja

    W opracowaniu omówiono aktualne trendy dotyczące certyfikacji systemu zarządzania jakością w sektorze rolno-spożywczym. Na podstawie danych uzyskanych z dużej, renomowanej jednostki certyfikującej przedstawiono analizę porównawczą dotyczącą liczby wydanych certyfikatów dla ogólnych systemów zarządzania oraz dla systemów branżowych dedykowanych sektorowi rolno-spożywczemu w odniesieniu do przedsiębiorstw różnych wielkości.

  • Knowledge Management for Managing Crisis in Tourism: Theoretical insights

    Publikacja

    COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented crisis affecting the entire tourism industry. Accommodation, food, and travel sectors have been affected by the decreased number of visitors, which had a ripple effect on the financial situation of the whole industry. The purpose of this work is a better understanding of the role of knowledge management in terms of mitigating the crisis in the tourism sector, as well as a development of the...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Employees 55+ - valuable resource in SMEs

    The article relates to the problem of exploiting the potential of workers aged 55 years or more to build the competitiveness of the SME sector. The aim of the study was an attempt to formulate an answer to the question whether entrepreneurs and managers are able to identify the potential of older workers and whether they use this potential to build the competitiveness of their enterprises. The article is based on the results of...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Zachowania seniorów z Polski Północnej na rynku usług finansowych w świetle wyników badań

    Publikacja

    Przedmiotem zainteresowania badawczego w niniejszym tekście są usługi finansowe oraz zachowania starszych konsumentów na rynku usług bankowych, ubezpieczeniowych itp. Podstawowym celem rozważań jest zidentyfikowanie kluczowych zmiennych społeczno-demograficznych wpływających na zakup usług finansowych przez osoby w wieku 50+. W pracy zastosowano przede wszystkim analizę literatury oraz analizę wyników uzyskanych za pomocą kwestionariusza ankietowego...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Vehicular Communication Environments

    Publikacja
    • E. G. Ström
    • L. Ekiz
    • T. Abbas
    • R. He
    • S. J. Ambroziak
    • V. Shivaldova
    • J. Nuckelt

    - Rok 2016

    Communication to and between road vehicles (cars, truck, buses, trains, etc.) are of growing interest. This is partly due to the attractive services that cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITSs) provides, mainly in the areas of traffic safety and traffic efficiency. An enabler for C-ITS is wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, collectively referred to as vehicle-to-X (V2X)...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Agata Pierścieniak dr hab. inż.

    Osoby

    Absolwentka Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wydziału Informatyki i Zarządzania (1992). Stopień naukowy doktora nauk ekonomicznych uzyskała w roku 2004 na SGGW w Warszawie, a stopień doktora habilitowanego w dyscyplinie nauki o zarządzaniu, w roku 2016 na SGH w Warszawie. W latach 1998-2018 pracowała na Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskim (Wydział Ekonomii), gdzie oprócz działalności naukowej w latach 2007-2014, koordynowała realizację projektów...

  • Emergent approach to Knowledge Management by Small Companies: multiple case-study research

    Publikacja

    - Journal of Knowledge Management - Rok 2016

    Purpose: The aim of this paper is to examine knowledge management approach followed by small companies on the example of firms from the knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) sector. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on the results of a qualitative survey involving 12 owners and managers of small companies operating in the KIBS sector. The survey uses the case study method. Findings: The findings confirm that...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Trust and Distrust in e-Democracy

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2022

    In the digital government research literature, the concept of trust is typically used as a precondition for the adoption of digital technology in the public sector or an outcome of a roadmap leading up to such adoption. The concept plays a central role in many decisions linked to the planning, adoption and management of the public sector technology. In contrast, the concept of distrust is almost neglected in such literature but,...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Standards for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area versus Common Assessment Framework in education. Conflict or harmony?

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2014

    The aim of the research was to analyze the assumptions of Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ENQA) and the criteria of Common Assessment Framework (CAF) for the educational sector and based on that to find out the main differences and similarities (conflicts and harmony) between them. The results of the research showed that the current trends of the quality movement evolution in...

  • Kamil Brodnicki dr inż.

    Kamil Brodnicki jest asystentem w Katedrze Informatyki w Zarządzaniu na Wydziale Ekonomii i Zarządzania Politechniki Gdańskiej. Od 2017 roku jest kierownikiem laboratorium Customer Experience. Od 2011 roku pracuje w jednej z trójmiejskich firm IT jako Analityk Systemów Informatycznych, realizując projekty z branży finansowej. Jego zainteresowania badawcze koncentrują się w następujących obszarach: ergonomia i użyteczność w projektach...

  • Assessment of preparedness for Lean Six Sigma projects in small and medium-sized organizations

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2014

    The article presents a proposal for the maturity indicator of Lean Six Sigma projects within the framework of the original comprehensive methodology of Lean Six Sigma implementation dedicated to the SME sector. The indicator allows an LSS project to be matched to the real needs and preparedness of any small or medium-sized organization. The indicator was designed as a result of pilot research conducted in Polish and French SMEs...

  • Students and graduates of higher education institutions in 1990-2011 (with foreigners) in Poland

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    In the last thirty years, there has been a spontaneous development of science and economy, with particular emphasis on the non-public education sector. It seems that the situation in the higher education market has now stabilized,with a slight downward trend in absolute terms.

  • The number of active enterprises in Poland in 1997-2014

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    After Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...

  • Relation of expenditure on Research and Development to GDP in EU countries (2009-2012)

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    The presented dataset shows that most countries increased their R&D spending - 16 of those 26 members of the European Union for which Eurostat has complete data did so. This also translated into the average ratio for the entire Community, in 2012 it amounted to 2.06% of GDP compared to 2.01% in 2009. The most severely limited their expenses were...

  • Share of gross value added generated by enterprises in GDP

    Dane Badawcze
    open access

    After Poland joined the group of countries associated in the European Union and through participation in numerous economic and political organizations (including the World Trade Organization, OECD), as well as the commencement of trade exchange with virtually all countries of the world, Polish entrepreneurs and managers struggle with completely problems...

  • Jak firmy z sektora wiedzochłonnych usług biznesowych zarządzają wiedzą? Prezentacja wyników badań.

    W artykule przedstawiono praktyki zarządzania wiedzą stosowane przez przedsiębiorstwa z sektora małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MSP), oferujące wiedzochłonne usługi biznesowe. Tematyka ta jest wciąż mało rozpoznana, zwłaszcza w krajach Europy Środkowej, takich jak Polska. W pierwszych dwóch podrozdziałach artykułu zaprezentowano krótki przegląd literatury światowej, dotyczącej zarządzania wiedzą w MSP i sektorze usług wiedzochłonnych....

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Trust and Distrust in e-Democracy

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2022

    In the digital government research literature, the concept of trust is typically used as a precondition for the adoption of digital technology in the public sector or an outcome of a roadmap leading up to such adoption. The concept plays a central role in many decisions linked to the planning, adoption and management of the public sector technology. In contrast, the concept of...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Studia podyplomowe dla nauczycieli przez Internet na przykładzie Gdańska i Warszawy

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2003

    W artykule przedstawiono studia podyplomowe dla nauczycieli przez Internet realizowane przez Politechnikę Gdańską w ramach współpracy Wydziału Elektroniki, Telekomunikacji i Informatyki oraz Centrum Edukacji Niestacjonarnej. Zaproponowano model kształcenia zintegrowanego, który pozwala na lepsze wykorzystanie materiałów pomocniczych (biblioteki zasobów, linki, testy kontrolne, przykładowe prace dyplomowe z lat poprzednich) oraz...

  • Discouraging Traffic Remapping Attacks in Local Ad Hoc Networks

    Quality of Service (QoS) is usually provided in ad hoc networks using a class-based approach which, without dedicated security measures in place, paves the way to various abuses by selfish stations. Such actions include traffic remapping attacks (TRAs), which consist in claiming a higher traffic priority, i.e., false designation of the intrinsic traffic class so that it can be mapped onto a higher-priority class. In practice, TRAs...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Knowledge management and factors influencing its implementation in small KIBS firms – evidence from Poland

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2020

    Purpose – Even if the notion of knowledge management (KM) has been introduced more than three decades ago, the application of this concept in the context of small firms has still not been sufficiently explored. The relatively few contributions, however, agree on the fact that small companies do not manage knowledge the same way as their larger counterparts. In order to fill this gap, the present paper aims to the investigate the...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • KONKURENCYJNOŚĆ SEKTORÓW PRZEMYSŁU PRZETWÓRCZEGO I ICH WPŁYW NA MIĘDZYNARODOWĄ KONKURENCYJNOŚĆ GOSPODARKI POLSKIEJ – ANALIZA PANELOWA

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2015

    Celem rozdziału jest określenie, na bazie danych sektorowych i z wykorzystaniem modelu panelowego, w jakim stopniu zmiany międzynarodowej konkurencyjności gospodarki polskiej wynikają ze zmian w konkurencyjności sektorów przemysłu przetwórczego. Determinanty konkurencyjności sektorów przemysłu zostały wybrane w świetle dorobku teorii handlu zagranicznego, teorii wzrostu oraz teorii innowacji. W szczególności pragniemy zbadać, jak...

  • Identyfikacja regionalna i branżowa oraz poziom zaangażowania jako determinanty sukcesu inicjatywy klastrowej Interizon

    Publikacja

    Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza trzech wybranych składowych tożsamości grupowej w inicjatywie klastrowej Interizon: identyfikacji regionalnej, identyfikacji branżowej oraz zaangażowania w sprawy inicjatywy oraz ocena ich wpływu na dotychczasowe sukcesy inicjatywy. Autorki opierały się na wynikach badań zrealizowanych w 2014 roku wśród członków inicjatywy Interizon. Badania przeprowadzone były dwufazowo, w oparciu o obserwacje...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Political relations between Poland and the Republic of Azerbaijan

    Poland was one of the first countries to recognize the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan. However, the political co-operation between the two countries was established only at the end of the last decade of the 20th century, during the presidency of Aleksander Kwaśniewski. The next Polish president – Lech Kaczyński – intending to diversify the energy sources, maintained political relations between Poland and the Republic...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Linkages between services and manufacturing as a new channel for GVC development: Evidence from CEE countries

    The goal of the paper is to verify a causal relationship between forward linkages from domestic services to manufacturing and the participation/position of a country in global value chains (GVCs) in selected Central and Eastern European economies. We observed a strong polarisation pattern: the Baltic countries along with the Czech Republic strengthen their positions and participation in GVCs by having a strong relationship between...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Towards High-Value Datasets Determination for Data-Driven Development: A Systematic Literature Review

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2023

    Open government data (OGD) is seen as a political and socio-economic phenomenon that promises to promote civic engagement and stimulate public sector innovations in various areas of public life. To bring the expected benefits, data must be reused and transformed into value-added products or services. This, in turn, sets another precondition for data that are expected to not only be available and comply with open data principles,...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Gender and support Polish women at the beginning of their professional career in IT

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2021

    The development of ICT should be understood not only as an increase in the number of users skilled in the use of new technologies, but also as an ever-increasing demand for qualified professionals capable of creating, administering, supporting, and servicing ICT systems. With regard to the continuous development of innovative technologies, there is a noticeably low share of women who actively create and co-create this sector,...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • David Duenas Cid dr hab.

    Osoby

    He is an Associate Professor at Kozminski University and the director of the Pub-Tech (Public Sector Data-Driven Technologies) Research Center.  Previously, he served as an H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Widening Fellow at Gdansk University of Technology, as a Researcher at the Johan Skytte Institute of Political Studies of the University of Tartu, as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance...

  • Elements of six sigma methodoloygy in polish smes. the pomeranian region context

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2012

    In this article, it has been suggested that the effectiveness of the design and implementation of the process approach in the SMEs sector affects the effectiveness and efficiency of the application of elements of the Six Sigma ™ concept. The selected results of the research have been presented to answer the question to what extent small and medium-sized manufacturing, service and production - service companies in Pomeranian region...