Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: ELECTRIC DEVICES
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Computer-aided analysis of thermal convection near electric devices
PublikacjaObciążalność długotrwała urządzeń elektrycznych zależy od intensywności oddawania ciepła przez te urządzenia do otoczenia. Dla zwiększenia obciążalności długotrwałej urządzeń stosuje się konwekcję wymuszoną np. z wykorzystaniem wentylatorów. Wszechstronne obserwacje i analiza procesów konwekcji naturalnej wskazują, że jej intensyfikację można uzyskać dzięki umieszczaniu w pobliżu urządzenia oddającego ciepło elementów tworzących...
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Numerical and experimental investigation of thermal convection near electric devices with vertical channels
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of numerical and experimental investigation of thermal convection near heat emitting surfaces of an electric device. For the intensification of thermal convection, special vertical channels were formed near the heat emitting surfaces of the device. An experimental test has proved that there is an optimal length of the channels – thermal convection is the most intensive then. Air velocity vectors...
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Intensification of thermal convection near electric devices using flat screens – computer modelling
PublikacjaIntensification of natural thermal convection near electric devices is possible by application of additional elements as screens creating convection canals close to the device. In the earlier authors paper the results of the analysis of thermal convection with the use of only one additional screen close to the electric device were presented. This paper presents computer modelling of thermal convection when two screens near the...
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Requirements for Residual Current Devices Intended for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems
PublikacjaThe properties of residual current devices have been presented from the point of view of their ability to detect a specific shape of the residual current waveform. Moreover, the standard requirements relating to residual current protection used in electric vehicle charging installations have been pointed out. The operating characteristics of the IC-CPD and RDC-DD protections, which are intended for charging electric vehicles in...
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Comparative Analysis of Reactive Power Compensation Devices in a Real Electric Substation
PublikacjaA constant worldwide growing load stress over a power system compelled the practice of a reactive power injection to ensure an efficient power network. For this purpose, multiple technologies exist in the knowledge market out of which this paper emphasizes the usage of the flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) and presents a comparative study of the static var compensator (SVC) with the static synchronous compensator...
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Protection Against Electric Shock Using Residual Current Devices in Circuits with Electronic Equipment
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono problematykę stosowania wyłączników różnicowoprądowych w obwodach z urządzeniami elektronicznymi, które powodują, że prąd różnicowy ma zmienną częstotliwość lub jest odkształcony. Wyniki badań wskazują, że częstotliwość obiegająca od znamionowej oraz zawartość wyższych harmonicznych w prądzie różnicowym niekorzystnie wpływa na skuteczność ochrony przeciwporażeniowej przy zastosowaniu wyłączników różnicowoprądowych....
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The effect of PWM frequency on the effectiveness of protection against electric shock using residual current devices
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono analizę widmową odkształconego prądu ziemnozwarciowego z obwodu silnika o regulowanej prędkości obrotowej za pomocą przemiennika częstotliwości. Oszacowano wpływ tego odkształcenia na próg fibrylacji serca. Analizowano skuteczność ochrony przeciwporażeniowej wykorzystującej wyłączniki różnicowoprądowe przy różnych wartościach częstotliwości PWM przemiennika. Przedstawiono charakterystykę działania zaproponowanego...
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The effect of PWM frequency on the effectiveness of protection against electric shock using residual current devices
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono analizę widmową odkształconego prądu ziemnozwarciowego z obwodu silnika o regulowanej prędkości obrotowej za pomocą przemiennika częstotliwości. Oceniono skuteczność ochrony przeciwporażeniowej wykorzystującej wyłączniki różnicowoprądowe przy różnych wartościach częstotliwości PWM przemiennika. Przedstawiono charakterystykę działania proponowanego wyłącznika różnicowoprądowego.
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Exciton quenching in emitter blends for organic light emitting devices probed by electric field-dependent time-resolved luminescence
PublikacjaW pracy badano mechanizm wygaszania ekscytonów w układzie dwuamina TPD:organiczny kompleks Eu:matryca TPD przez pomiar zaniku fotoluminescencji w zewnętrznym polu elektrycznym.
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Expert opinion on the effectiveness of protection against electric shock in case of fault in an installation for electric vehicles charging
PublikacjaThe opinion concerns the use of residual current devices for protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of supply in a Norwegian installation intended for charging of electric vehicles.
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Electrical safety in low-voltage DC microgrids with B-type residual current devices
PublikacjaResidual current devices (RCDs) are most popular devices used in low-voltage installations for protection against electric shock and fire. In cases of high risk of electric shock the application of RCDs is mandatory. Currently, the spread of local direct current (DC) microgrids is widely considered. This creates new challenges for protective systems, in particular those based on RCDs. The main purpose of the research is to test...
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Comparison of EHD devices with parallel and in series spiked electrodes
PublikacjaIn this paper two electrohydrodynamic (EHD) devices for gas pumping and cleaning are presented. In both cases to induce an airflow in these EHD devices corona discharge was used. The discharge was generated between the spiked electrodes set parallel (the first case) or in series (the second case) and the plate electrodes. An asymmetric electric field and generated discharge result in unidirectional gas flow through the EHD device....
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A new method of fault loop resistance measurement in low voltage systems with residual current devices
PublikacjaThis paper presents a new method of fault loop resistance measurement in low voltage systems with residual current devices. The method enables measuring fault loop resistance without nuisance tripping of residual current devices, by application an unconventional waveform of measurement current. It is important for proper verification of the effectiveness of protection against electric shock.
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Low-frequency tripping characteristics of residual current devices
PublikacjaFast development of various types of converters makes their utilization in industry and in domestic installations very common. Due to converters, an earth fault current waveform in modern circuits can be distorted or its frequency can be different than 50/60 Hz. Frequency of earth fault (residual) current influences tripping of residual current devices which are widely used in low voltage systems. This paper presents the behaviour...
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Experimental verification of a new method of loop resistance testing in low voltage systems with residual current devices
PublikacjaA periodical verification of the effectiveness of protection against electric shock shall be performed in low voltage systems. The scope of this verification includes loop impedance/resistance testing. If a residual current device is installed in a tested circuit, this testing is problematic. A residual current device trips out during the test, because of the high value of measurement current. This precludes the execution of the...
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Behavior of residual current devices at frequencies up to 50 kHz
PublikacjaThe use of residual current devices (RCDs) is obligatory in many types of low-voltage circuits. They are devices that ensure protection against electric shock in the case of indirect contact and may ensure additional protection in the case of direct contact. For the latter purpose of protection, only RCDs of a rated residual operating current not exceeding 30 mA are suitable. Unfortunately, modem current-using equipment supplied...
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Improving sensitivity of residual current transformers to high frequency earth fault currents
PublikacjaFor protection against electric shock in low voltage systems residual current devices are commonly used. However, their proper operation can be interfered when high frequency earth fault current occurs. Serious hazard of electrocution exists then. In order to detect such a current, it is necessary to modify parameters of residual current devices, especially the operating point of their current transformer. The authors proposed...
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Residual Current Devices: Selection, Operation, and Testing
PublikacjaIn this book, the idea for residual current protection has been presented. The evolution in construction types of residual current devices, which has taken place over decades, is discussed. Types and functional properties of the contemporary residual current devices are described. The main parameters of these devices, from the point of view of their selection and application, are indicated. Special constructions of the protective...
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Interactive Application for Visualization of the Basic Phenomena in RF and Microwave Devices
PublikacjaAn interactive computer application visualizing the basic phenomena in RF and microwave devices is presented. Such kind of educational package can be a very helpful tool for the students as well as for the teachers (of electronics and related fields). This paper is focused on three exemplary problems only and involves: movement of electric charge, filtering of electromagnetic waves and interference phenomena in antenna arrays. The...
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MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY NEAR SELECTED TRANSMITTERS OF MOBILE TELEPHONY BASE STATIONS
PublikacjaWireless connectivity has become increasingly common in recent times. Day by day, there are more radiocommunication devices and new ideas for them. In the near future, when the fifth generation networks will be implemented, whose main feature will be continuous wireless communication, we must approach the issue of electric field measurements more and more carefully.
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Modification of the operating point of residual current transformers for high frequency earth fault currents detection
PublikacjaFor protection against electric shock in low voltage systems residual current devices are commonly used. However, their proper operation can be interfered when earth fault current with high frequency components occurs. Serious hazard of electrocution exists then. One of the most important element of residual current devices is a residual current transformer with iron core. Tripping characteristic of residual current devices strictly...
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Evaluation of applicability of classic methods of a fault loop impedance measurement to circuits with residual current devices
PublikacjaMeasurement of fault loop impedance in low voltage grids and systems is in most cases performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of supply. For the sake of measurement accuracy, it is advisable to perform it using large current. Unfortunately, in circuits with residual current devices which are very widely used nowadays, a large measurement current may trigger those devices...
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Capillary pumped loop as a tool for collecting large heat fluxes from electronic devices on warships
PublikacjaThe combat potential of future warships will be directly related to the use of modern electronic devices being parts of advanced systems, such as, for instance, radar systems, fire aiming systems, fire detection systems, electric drive systems, and even electronic and radio-electronic weaponry, railguns and lasers, installed on these warships. The capacity and functionality of these devices is continually increasing, at decreasing...
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Metrological analysis of an computerized system of protection against electric shock in circuits with variable speed drives
PublikacjaDrive systems, that can be operated at variable speed, are equipped with power electronics converters. This causes distortion of the earth current, and consequently the need to take into account the use of proper protective devices in relation to earth current harmonics. This paper presents a system for protection against electric shock in circuits with power electronics converters and metrological analysis indicating the requirements...
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Behavior of residual current devices at earth fault currents with DC component
PublikacjaLow-voltage electrical installations are increasingly saturated with power electronic converters. Due to very high popularity of photovoltaic (PV) installations and the spread of electric vehicles (EV) as well as their charging installations, DC–AC and AC–DC converters are often found in power systems. The transformerless coupling of AC and DC systems via power electronic converters means that an electrical installation containing...
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Energy savings by application of supercapacitor storage in trolleybus supplying station - analysis of experimental results
PublikacjaStorage devices can be divided into two groups: on-board energy storage devices, which are placed in the vehicles and off-board energy storage devices situated in traction substations or between them. Current research is focused mainly on two objectives. The first is to reduce the energy demand by introducing on-board energy storages in light electric vehicles like trams, trolleybuses or electrobuses. The latter is to provide a...
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Verification of safety in low-voltage power systems without nuisance tripping of residual current devices
PublikacjaLow-voltage power systems require initial and periodical verification to check the effectiveness of protection against electric shock. As a protection in case of fault, automatic disconnection of supply is most often used. To verify such a protection measure, the earth fault loop impedance or resistance is measured. This measurement is easy to perform in circuits without residual current devices. When residual current devices are...
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Testing sensitivity of A-type residual current devices to earth fault currents with harmonics
PublikacjaIn many applications, modern current-using equipment utilizes power electronic converters to control the consumed power and to adjust the motor speed. Such equipment is used both in industrial and domestic installations. A characteristic feature of the converters is producing distorted earth fault currents, which contain a wide spectrum of harmonics, including high-order harmonics. Nowadays, protection against electric shock in...
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Influence of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields on the circadian system – current stage of knowledge
PublikacjaOne of the side effects of each electrical device work is the electromagnetic field generated near its workplace. All organisms, including humans, are exposed daily to the influence of different types of this field, characterized by various physical parameters. Therefore, it is important to accurately determine the effects of an electromagnetic field on the physiological and pathological processes occurring in cells, tissues and...
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Room temperature depinning of the charge-density waves in quasi-two-dimensional 1T-TaS2 devices
PublikacjaWe report on the depinning of nearly commensurate charge-density waves in 1T-TaS2 thin films at room temperature. A combination of the differential current–voltage measurements with the low-frequency noise spectroscopy provides unambiguous means for detecting the depinning threshold field in quasi-2D materials. The depinning process in 1T-TaS2 is not accompanied by an observable abrupt increase in electric current—in striking contrast...
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Hybrid electrode materials for fast performance devices
PublikacjaEnergy storage devices such as Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors and other types of the electrochemical capacitors require chemically stable, non-soluble, electrochemically active electrode materials compatible with appropriate electrolytes. Factors which determine their applicability are derived from so called electrochemical window of electroltes, nature of charge accumulation and their kinetics. On the other hand technological...
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RCDs Tripping in the Range from DC to AC 50 kHz for Slowly Rising Residual Current
PublikacjaThe wide use of power electronic converters means that in many low-voltage systems earth fault currents containing components from DC to AC of various frequencies have to be taken into account. Due to the tendency to increase the modulation frequency in converters, components of higher frequencies may be in the order of several tens of kilohertz. Therefore, it is very important to verify the behavior of devices for protection against...
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Experimental investigations and simulations of the microturbine unit with permanent magnet generator
PublikacjaIn dispersed power generation, low power devices are used for local combined generating of heat end electric power. There are developing concepts of micropower plants with electric generators driven by steam or gas microturbines. The paper presents the results of an experimental investigations of the microturbine set consists of the turbine with partial admission, permanent magnet generator and three phase AC-to-DC rectifier. The...
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Tripping of F-type RCDs for sinusoidal residual current with superimposed smooth DC component
PublikacjaRecent trends in green energy development make that photovoltaics and electric vehicles are applied on an increasing scale. In both photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging installations, a significant value of DC component of the earth fault current may appear, which is a challenge, in particular, for commonly used residual current devices (RCDs). This paper presents results of the laboratory test on the operation of F-type...
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Stirling engines powered by renewable energy sources
PublikacjaStirling engine is a device that produces mechanical energy using heat from any source of energy, without the need of combustion of any fuel inside the device. Renewable energy sources, which are mostly low-temperature energy sources, can be used to produce mechanical and electrical energy in Stirling engines. The paper presents an overview of the existing prototype Stirling engines designed for using of low-temperature energy...
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Możliwości zastosowania zasobnikowych jednostek trakcyjnych na liniach kolejowych na przykładzie Pomorskiej Kolei Metropolitalnej
PublikacjaW artykule zwrócono uwagę, że zasobniki stosowane głównie do rekuperacji energii, mogą być również wykorzystane do zasilania pociągów na niezelektryfikowanych i zelektryfikowanych odcinkach linii kolejowych. Innowacyjność tego rozwiązania wykazano na podstawie dwóch aplikacji kolejowych elektrycznych zasobnikowych jednostek trakcyjnych: pierwszej funkcjonującej od 2014 roku na linii Utsunomiya – Karasuyama w Japonii oraz drugiej,...
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Horyzont energoelektroniczny obiektów morskich
PublikacjaW artykule zaprezentowano współczesne kierunki rozwoju energoelektroniki, w tym w szczególności dotyczące obiektów morskich. Przedstawiono podstawowe parametry aktualnie stosowanych w energoelektronice przyrządów półprzewodnikowych, jak również wykazano interdyscyplinarny charakter rozwoju tej dziedziny. Na przykładzie wybranych urządzeń energoelektronicznych przedstawiono ich komercyjne zastosowania oraz podział i miejsce w łańcuchu...
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Framework for Integration Decentralized and Untrusted Multi-vendor IoMT Environments
PublikacjaLack of standardization is highly visible while we use historical data sets or compare our model with others that use IoMT devices from different vendors. The problem also concerns the trust in highly decentralized and anonymous environments where sensitive data are transferred through the Internet and then are analyzed by third-party companies. In our research we propose a standard that has been implemented in the form of framework...
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Comparative analysis of switched reluctance motor control algorithms
PublikacjaПредмет исследования. Развитие микропроцессорной техники и силовой электроники позволило создавать недорогие и эффективные системы управления различными электромеханическими объектами, которые ранее широко не использовались из-за сложности управления. К таким устройствам можно отнести вентильно-индукторные электрические машины. Данные машины широко применяются в различных практических разработках, например, в тяговом электроприводе,...
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Comparative analysis of switched reluctance motor control algorithms
PublikacjaПредмет исследования. Развитие микропроцессорной техники и силовой электроники позволило создавать недорогие и эффективные системы управления различными электромеханическими объектами, которые ранее широко не использовались из-за сложности управления. К таким устройствам можно отнести вентильно-индукторные электрические машины. Данные машины широко применяются в различных практических разработках, например, в тяговом электроприводе,...
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Structural Health Monitoring of Overhead Power Transmission Lines
PublikacjaStructural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a novel and continuously developing branch of science and technology that draws attention of scientists all over the world. It creates opportunities to detect, localize and identify structural damage of various types such as: line breakage, permissible sag, bolt loosening, fatigue cracking or insulator contamination. On the other hand the methods used to estimate the remaining operational...
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Application of Smart IoT Technology in Project Management Scenarios
PublikacjaThe report presents a low-cost and flexible solution to control and monitor home and industrial appliances. The popularity of automation devices has increased greatly in recent years due to higher affordability and simplicity through IoT phone and tablet connectivity. For this purpose, we have developed the IoT Outlet: a stand-alone communication unit, used to connect outlets to the internet. The IoT Plug is a power switch which...
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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(zwitterionic) Structures for Energy Conversion and Storage
PublikacjaZwitterions are unique class of molecules that possess two functional groups bearing electric charges, one positive and second negative. This setup results in peculiar properties such as high water retention and anti-fouling capability. Therefore, zwitterionic coatings and gels are commonly applied in e.g. biosensing and bioelectronic devices. Despite those applications, there are other perspectives for zwitterionic materials....
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Quenching effects in organic electroluminescence
PublikacjaWe examine various electronic processes that underlie the quenching of the emission from highly efficient phosphorescent and electrophosphorescent organic solid-state molecular systems. As an example, we study the luminescent efficiencies from the phosphorescent iridium (III) complex, fac tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium [(Ir (ppy)3] doped into a diamine derivative doped polycarbonate hole-transporting matrix and in the form...
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Tripping of F-type RCDs for High-Frequency Residual Currents
PublikacjaResidual current devices (RCDs) are apparatus commonly used for protection against electric shock in low-voltage electrical installations. They protect people in the case of an earth fault or even in the case of direct contact with the live parts. However, to be effective protective devices, RCDs have to detect residual currents of various waveform shapes which appear in modern electrical installations. For this purpose, RCDs...
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Tripping of F-type RCDs for high-frequency residual currents
PublikacjaResidual current devices (RCDs) are apparatus commonly used for protection against electric shock in low-voltage electrical installations. They protect people in the case of an earth fault or even in the case of direct contact with the live parts. However, to be effective protective devices, RCDs have to detect residual currents of various waveform shapes which appear in modern electrical installations. For this purpose, RCDs are...
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Finite-difference time-domain analyses of active cloaking for electrically-large objects
PublikacjaInvisibility cloaking devices constitute a unique and potentially disruptive technology, but only if they can work over broad bandwidths for electrically-large objects. So far, the only known scheme that allows for broadband scattering cancellation from an electrically-large object is based on an active implementation where electric and magnetic sources are deployed over a surface surrounding the object, but whose ‘switching on’...
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Determination of pseudocapacitance chan ges of nickel oxide NiO electrode with use of dynamic electrochemical impedancje spectroscopy
PublikacjaThe electrochemical capacitors (ECs) are attractive energy storage devices which can be applied in many electronic products (e.g., cameras, laptops, cell phones) or hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The energy storage in ECs is based on capacitive (the electrical double layer charging/discharging) and pseudocapacitive (additional charge provided by faradic reaction) phenomena. Considering the electrodes exhibiting pseudocapacitance,...
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An application for a new type of pneumatic engine concept
PublikacjaHeavy trucks are often equipped with loading and unloading systems like dock levellers with swing lip or telescopic lip. Most of these devices require hydro-electrical energy supply systems (eg. the pump that presses the working substance to the actuators must be propelled by electric engine.) The space taken by pump with electric engine can be reduced on condition that a new type of pneumatic drive will be considered. It is possible...
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Electric shock hazard in circuits with variable-speed drives
PublikacjaThe conventional approach to electrical safety under fault condition in typical power systems considers earth fault currents of sinusoidal waveform and frequency of 50/60 Hz. However, in circuits with variable-speed drives, there is earth fault current flow with harmonics, and these harmonics influence the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. The paper presents earth fault current waveforms in circuits with variable-speed drives...
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Porównanie działania transformatora symetryzującego (zygzak) z aktywnym energoelektronicznym symetryzatorem prądów fazowych linii niskiego napięcia
PublikacjaNa potrzeby planowania sieci niskiego napięcia operatorzy systemów dystrybucyjnych (OSD) zakładają symetryczne warunki obciążenia linii. Z roku na rok, rośnie liczba rozproszonych systemów fotowoltaicznych (PV) zainstalowanych w sieciach niskiego napięcia, których większość to małe jednofazowe systemy dachowe. Dodatkowo, do niesymetrii obciążenia przyczyniają się instalowane masowo pompy ciepła i ładowane jednofazowo samochody...
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Measurements of radiation emission of a portable power bank with a capacity of 10400 mAh
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the emission measurement results that are part of comprehensive tests carried out for portable power banks with different capacities. The measurements were performed in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 3 GHz using a Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell (Fig. 1). The test setup was configured to measure a portable power...
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PUBLICZNE ŚRODKI TRANSPORTOWE A SAMOCHÓD ELEKTRYCZNY W OBSŁUDZE PODRÓŻY MIEJSKICH W METROPOLII TRÓJMIEJSKIEJ
PublikacjaMetropolia trójmiejska ma wyjątkowo negatywne uwarunkowania terenowe dla funkcjonowania i rozwoju sieci komunikacji publicWyznej. Dzielnice położone w tzw. dolnym tarasie są dobrze skomunikowane za pomocą linii SKM i tramwajowych. Jedynie te środki komunikacji szynowej, przy częstotliwości połączeń nie większej niż co 10 minut, są konkurencyjne dla indywidualnych dojazdów samochodami osobowymi. Natomiast autobusy i trolejbusy utykające...
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Application of Doubly Connected Dominating Sets to Safe Rectangular Smart Grids
PublikacjaSmart grids, together with the Internet of Things, are considered to be the future of the electric energy world. This is possible through a two-way communication between nodes of the grids and computer processing. It is necessary that the communication is easy and safe, and the distance between a point of demand and supply is short, to reduce the electricity loss. All these requirements should be met at the lowest possible cost....
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The magnetic field measurements in selected places of the industrial building
Dane BadawczeThe dataset is part of a comprehensive study on the assessment of the electromagnetic field intensity in a building of an operating industrial plant. Detailed results of magnetic field measurements, carried out in selected places of this building, are presented.
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Recycling of Photovoltaic Solar Cells and Modules - Te State - Of - Art
PublikacjaIn comparison to other energy producing techniques, photovoltaics (PV) is one of the most promising options: no emission of any matter into the environment during operation; extremely long operation period (estimated average: 25 years), minimum maintenance, robust technique, aesthetic aspects. The use of photovoltaics is rapidly increasing, and the respective market is developing accordingly. Although PV manufacturing equipment...
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Sano-Tachiya-Noolandi-Hong, Onsager and Braun models vs Monte Carlo simulation of charge photogeneration in organic solids
PublikacjaThe Sano-Tachiya-Noolandi-Hong (STNH), Onsager, and Braun models as well as Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of charge recombination/separation have been applied for the first time to reproduce the results of the electromodulated photoluminescence measurements in vacuum-evaporated films of fluorescent materials commonly used in optoelectronic devices. The values of the electron-hole pair final recombination speed in the monomer emitters:...
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CURRENT TRENDS IN RECYCLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES WASTE
PublikacjaIn comparison to other energy producing techniques, photovoltaics (PV) is one of the most promising options: no emission of any matter into the environment during operation; extremely long operation period (estimated average: 25 years), minimum maintenance, robust technique, aesthetic aspects. The use of photovoltaics is rapidly increasing, and the respective market is developing accordingly. Although PV manufacturing equipment...
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Measurements of radiation emission of a portable power bank with a capacity of 5200 mAh
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the emission measurement results that are part of comprehensive tests carried out for portable power banks with different capacities. The measurements were performed in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 3 GHz using a Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell. The test setup was configured to measure a portable power bank...
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Measurements of radiation emission of a portable power bank with a capacity of 2600 mAh
Dane BadawczeThe dataset contains the emission measurement results that are part of comprehensive tests carried out for portable power banks with different capacities. The measurements were performed in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 3 GHz using a Gigahertz Transverse Electromagnetic (GTEM) cell. The test setup was configured to measure a portable power bank...
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A Development of a Capacitive Voltage Divider for High Voltage Measurement as Part of a Combined Current and Voltage Sensor
PublikacjaThis article deals with the development of capacitive voltage divider for high voltage measurements and presents a method of analysis and optimization of its parameters. This divider is a part of a combined voltage and current sensor for measurements in high voltage power networks. The sensor allows continuous monitoring of the network distribution status and performs a quick diagnosis and location of possible network failures....
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SiC-Based Power Electronic Traction Transformer (PETT) for 3 kV DC Rail Traction
PublikacjaThe design of rolling stock plays a key role in the attractiveness of the rail transport. Train design must strictly meet the requirements of rail operators to ensure high quality and cost-eective services. Semiconductor power devices made from silicon carbide (SiC) have reached a level of technology enabling their widespread use in traction power converters. SiC transistors oering energy savings, quieter operation, improved reliability...
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Real-time hybrid model of a wind turbine with doubly fed induction generator
PublikacjaIn recent years renewable sources have been dominating power system. The share of wind power in energy production increases year by year, which meets the need to protect the environment. Possibility of conducting, not only computer simulation, but also laboratory studies of wind turbine operation and impact on the power system and other power devices in laboratory conditions would be very useful. This article presents a method...
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The influence of electromagnetic pollution on living organisms – historical trends and forecasting changes
PublikacjaCurrent technologies have become a source of omnipresent electromagnetic pollution from generated electromagnetic fields and resulting electromagnetic radiation. In many cases this pollution is much stronger than any natural sources of electromagnetic fields or radiation. Wireless and radio communication, electric power transmission or devices in daily use such as smartphones, tablets and portable computers every day expose people...
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Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter for multilevel propulsion converters for electrical multiple units (EMU)
PublikacjaSemiconductor power devices made from silicon carbide (SiC) reached a level of technology enabling their widespread use in power converters. Two different approaches to implementation of modern traction converters in electric multiple units (EMU) have been presented in recent years: (i) 3.3-kV SiC MOSFET-based three-level PWM inverter with regenerative braking and (ii) 6.5-kV IGBT-based four-quadrant power electronic traction transformer...
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Electroactive polymer/graphene oxide nanostructured composites; evidence for direct chemical interactions between PEDOT and GOx
PublikacjaThis work concerns electrochemical synthesis of nanocomposites consisting of conducting polymer and reduced graphene oxide (rGOx) as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The electrosynthesis was performed in an aqueous solution of the 3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene (EDOT) monomer and graphene oxide (GOx) without supporting electrolyte. The amount of GOx was optimized to obtain the best electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite...
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Studies of the Modelling Accuracy of Steam Turbine Control Systems for Diagnostic Tests of Automatic Synchronizers
PublikacjaOne of the important factors that affect the reliable operation of the power system and the rapid restitution after disaster is a quick and effective combining synchronous electric power facilities to operate in parallel. Hence, diagnostics of automatic synchronizers at every stage of their life, from building a prototype, through the whole life, until removing such devices from the operation, is an extremely important and responsible...
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Potential Skyrmion Host Fe(IO3)3: Connecting Stereoactive Lone-Pair Electron Effects to the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction
PublikacjaMagnetic skyrmions, which are topologically distinct magnetic spin textures, are gaining increased attention for their unique physical properties and potential applications in spintronic devices. Here we present a design strategy for skyrmion host candidates based on combinations of magnetic spin, asymmetric building units having stereoactive lone-pair electrons, and polar lattice symmetry. To demonstrate the viability of the proposed...
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Medium-Voltage Drives: Challenges and existing technology
PublikacjaThe article presents an overview of state-of-art solutions, advances, and design and research trends in medium-voltage (MV) drive technologies - and also discusses the challenges and requirements associated with the use of such drives. The choice and deployment of MV drives in industries are associated with numerous requirements related to the front-end converter (grid side) and inverter (machine side). The focus is on solutions...
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Autonomous Battery Drive in Trolleybuses: an Overview of Practical Examples
PublikacjaBattery electric buses are believed to be means of transportation of the future. However, despite the continuous development of electrochemical batteries technology and the multitude of electric buses on offer, it is still no proved solutions that can be widely used. Charging is the one of the weakness point of the electric buses. Trolleybuses are alternative for them. Especially, trolleybuses equipment with traction batteries...
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INNOVATIVE THERMODYNAMICAL CYCLES BASED ON ENHANCEMENT MASS, MOMENTUM, ENTROPY AND ELECTRICITY TRANSPORT DUE TO SLIP, MOBILITY, TRANSPIRATION, ENTROPY AND ELECTRIC JUMPS AS WELL AS OTHER NANO-FLOWS PHENOMENA
PublikacjaIn our work, a further development of the authors model of thermo-chemical flow of fuel, air, oxygen, steam water, species, ionic and electron currents within nano channels and nano-structures of novel devices is presented. Different transport enhancement models are taken into account -among them the most important are: the velocity slip connected with complex external friction, the Darcy mobility and the Reynolds transpiration....
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Multisource model of ship electric field
PublikacjaA steel-hulled ship in sea water produces an electric field around itself. The source of this field are electrochemical processes and ship's cathodic protection. The analysis of the electric field around the ship is important by the reason of the ship's identification and counter-mine protection. The paper presents a simplified model of the ship's multisource electric field, which allows to calculate the electric field distribution...
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Perturbation analysis of electric field around objects in sea water
PublikacjaThe paper presents an analytical approach to the perturbation analysis of electric field distribution caused by a sphere and an ellipsoid placed in a uniform electric field.
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Noise Generated by Tyres Designet for Electric Vehicles - Results of Laboratory Experiments
PublikacjaA few years ago, electric and hybrid vehicles were rarely seen on public roads and were considered more as exotic curiosities or even as a sign of extravagance than a practical means of transport. Nowadays the situation has changes significantly. This was caused both by the technical development and legislative actions, as well as the organizational nature promoting the purchace and use of low emission vehicles. Electric vehicles...
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Economic benefits of dynamic charging of electric buses
PublikacjaDiesel engines buses are still the most used type of buses. Electric buses provide promising green alternatives and a lot of advantages, but their main disadvantages are limited travel range and long charging time. This article is a presentation of innovative solution for charging of electric busses - Dynamic Charging (IMC). The modern IMC system in Solingen was presented. At the end of the article, a proposal was made to introduce...
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Directions and Prospects for the Development of the Electric Car Market in Selected ASEAN Countries
PublikacjaThe purpose of this article is to present the current situation and evaluate the opportuni‐ ties for the development of the electric car market in selected Southeast Asian countries in the con‐ text of the current situation in the rest of the world. Currently, the electric car market is at an ad‐ vanced stage of development in regions such as Western Europe, the USA, and China. It should be noted, however, that the number of electric...
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Model studies to identify input parameters of an algorithm controlling electric supply/consumption process by underground iron ore enterprises
PublikacjaPurpose is the development of the research format of a mathematical model to select and assess input parameters of an algorithm controlling distribution of electric energy flows in the monitoring structure of electricity supply/ consumption by using equipment of mining enterprises engaged in underground iron ore raw materials extraction. Methods. The analytical research involved a theory of random processes adapted to the real...
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Evaluation of technical efficiency of heat and electric power generation
PublikacjaThis paper presents an evaluation of technical efficiency and time-dependent changes in productivity of Polish professional electric power and heat&electric power stations by using Data Envelopment Analysis non-parametric method. The research covered the enterprises whose total available electric power amounted to about 98% of that of all professional thermal electric power stations in this country. The analysis has concerned...
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A high-accuracy method of computation of x-ray waves propagation through an optical system consisting of many lenses
PublikacjaThe propagation of X-ray waves through an optical system consisting of many X-ray refractive lenses is considered. Two differential equations are contemplated for solving the problem for electromagnetic wave propagation: first – an equation for the electric field, second – an equation derived for a complex phase of an electric field. Both equations are solved by the use of a finite-difference method. The simulation error is estimated...
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The finite difference methods of computation of X-rays propagation through a system of many lenses
PublikacjaThe propagation of X-ray waves through an optical system consisting of many beryllium X-ray refrac- tive lenses is considered. In order to calculate the propagation of electromagnetic in the optical sys- tem, two differential equations are considered. First equation for an electric field of a monochromatic wave and the second equation derived for complex phase of the same electric The propagation of X-ray waves through an optical system...
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An analytical four-layer horizontal electric current dipole model for analysing underwater electric potential in shallow seawater
PublikacjaThe paper presents a new analytical four‑layer (air–water–bottom–non‑conductive layer) horizontal electric dipole model which allows an accurate approximation of ship’s Underwater Electric Potential (UEP) from a sufficient depth in shallow coastal marine waters. The numerical methods, usually Finite Element Method (FEM) or Boundary Elements Method (BEM), are typically used to estimate the electric field and the distribution of...
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A multi-criteria decision model for the introduction of electric storage multiple units on the partially electrified Gdynia-Hel railway
Publikacja: In this article a multi-criteria study of the use of independently powered electric multiple units on the partially electrified Gdynia Główna - Hel line was carried out. The use of (currently used) diesel and, as an alternative, electric and electric multiple units with an electric energy storage was considered. The analysis was carried out on the basis of three criteria for assessing the route service options, i.e. environmental,...
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Driving Performance Indicators of Electric Bus Driving Technique: Naturalistic Driving Data Multicriterial Analysis
PublikacjaThe issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming the key area of interest. By improving of driving techniques and the implementation of eco-driving, it is possible to save electric energy. Systems that help to decrease energy consumption and to reduce fuel emissions are becoming popular in vehicles powered by diesel engines. However, these methods have not yet gained popularity in electric vehicles. Therefore,...
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Koncepcja, modelowanie i symulacja układu napędowego prototypu samochodu elektrycznego "ELV001"
PublikacjaAbstract: In this paper a conception, modelling and simulation tool for drive system of the prototype electric vehicle ''ELV001'' have been presented. The design and building of this vehicle have been carried out in frame of the project: ''Building a market of electric vehicle and charging infrastructure - fundamentals of energy safety''. The simulation tools are of great assistance to engineers and researchers to reduce product-development...
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Diesel electric a new trend on the ship propulsion
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono rozwój napędu "diesel elektrycznego" oraz argumentację zastosowania tego napędu na różnych typach statków. Referat zawiera również rozwiązania układu transmisji mocy oraz sprawność, jaka cechuje napęd elektryczny. W artykule zawarto również zalety tego napędu, oraz zwrócono uwagę na nowe koncepcje i rozwiązania korzystne dla wytwarzania i transmisji mocy w napędzie elektrycznym.This article presents development...
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Modeling the effect of electric vehicles on noise levels in the vicinity of rural road sections
PublikacjaNumerous European countries experience a steady increase in the share of electric (EV) and hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles in the traffic stream. These vehicles, often referred to as low- or zero-emission vehicles, significantly reduce air pollution in the road environment. They also have a positive effect on noise levels in city centers and in the surroundings of low-speed roads. Nevertheless, issues related to modeling noise from...
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Detection and time/frequency analysis of electric fields in the ground
PublikacjaThis paper sets out to detect and characterize electric fields in the ground (such as stray current fields) using a tandem time/frequency method of signal analysis. Results were obtained from investigations performed in the presence of a generated electric field with controlled variable characteristics, and in the presence of an electric field generated by a tramline. The analysis of measurement registers was performed using Short‐Time...
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Electric Field-Driven Assembly of Sulfonated Polystyrene Microspheres
PublikacjaA designed assembly of particles at liquid interfaces offers many advantages for development of materials, and can be performed by various means. Electric fields provide a flexible method for structuring particles on drops, utilizing electrohydrodynamic circulation flows, and dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic interactions. In addition to the properties of the applied electric field, the manipulation of particles often depends...
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Dynamic charging of electric buses
PublikacjaDespite the continuous development of electrochemical battery technology and the multitude of electric buses on offer, it is still not possible to exploit electric buses in urban transport on an all-day basis without the necessity of charging them. It is therefore necessary to build point-to-point contact charging stations or induction charging stations at the terminals. This results in substantial financial outlays connected with...
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INCREASING POWER SUPPLY SAFETY IN THE ASPECT OF SUPPORTING THE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES BY CONVENTIONAL AND VIRTUAL POWER STORES
PublikacjaThis paper presents characteristics and purposefulness of supporting the renewable energy sources (OZE) by means of energy stores. The main emphasis was placed on analysis of virtual energy stores available for implementation in Polish economy conditions. A role which management of Demand Side Response (DSR) may play in balancing Polish electric power system, is discussed. Implementation of such solutions together with conventional...
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Potential changes in an electric field and electrolytic corrosion.
PublikacjaSources have been described of corrosively hazardous electric fields and methods of determination of the corrosion hazard to metal structures caused by electrolytic corrosion. Results of potential and impedance investigations in the field of stray currents flowing out of a tram traction and in the presence of a defined electric field of low frequency have been presented. Uncertainties have been indicated relating to the generally...
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Assembly of 1D Granular Structures from Sulfonated Polystyrene Microparticles
PublikacjaBeing able to systematically modify the electric properties of nano- and microparticles opens up new possibilities for the bottom-up fabrication of advanced materials such as the fabrication of one-dimensional (1D) colloidal and granular materials. Fabricating 1D structures from individual particles offers plenty of applications ranging from electronic sensors and photovoltaics to artificial flagella for hydrodynamic propulsion....
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Frequency and time domain characteristics of digital control of electric vehicle in-wheel drives
PublikacjaIn-wheel electric drives are promising as actuators in active safety systems of electric and hybrid vehicles. This new function requires dedicated control algorithms, making it essential to deliver models that reflect better the wheel-torque control dynamics of electric drives. The timing of digital control events, whose importance is stressed in current research, still lacks an analytical description allowing for modeling its...
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Electro-mechanical shear buckling of piezoelectric nanoplate using modified couple stress theory based on simplified first order shear deformation theory
PublikacjaThis paper studies the electro-mechanical shear buckling analysis of piezoelectric nanoplate using modified couple stress theory with various boundary conditions.In order to be taken electric effects into account, an external electric voltage is applied on the piezoelectric nanoplate. The simplified first order shear deformation theory (S-FSDT) has been employed and the governing differential equations have been obtained using...
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Static electric multipole susceptibilities of the relativistic hydrogenlike atom in the ground state: Application of the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function
PublikacjaThe ground state of the Dirac one-electron atom, placed in a weak, static electric field of definite $2^{L}$ polarity, is studied within the framework of the first-order perturbation theory. The Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function [R. Szmytkowski, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30, 825 (1997); erratum R. Szmytkowski, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30, 2747 (1997)] is used to derive closed-form analytical...
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Assessment of the factors influencing on the formation of energy-oriented modes of electric power consumption by water-drainage installations of the mines
PublikacjaPurpose. Performing the analysis to determine energy-efficient modes and assess the characteristics of the main indicators of electric power consumption by mine water-drainage installations based on the developed research mathematical model. Methods. To achieve the purpose set, a methodology is used to develop the multiple multifactor correlation-regression modeling with respect to the modes of electric power consumption by electrical...
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Steam turbines governors in power system restoration process
PublikacjaThe paper discusses problems related to electric power system restoration process. The turbine controller operating mode influence in small subsystem is analyzed. There are considered abilities, advantages and drawbacks of the controller's two operating modes: power control and speed (frequen-cy) control, to rebuild electric power system from a single generating unit to a few parallel running generators.
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On the tendency of temperature and electric field dependences of interface recombination in P3HT:PCBM organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
PublikacjaWe demonstrate theoretical explanation of the temperature and electric field dependences of recombination coefficients in an organic P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cell. Based onthe model of interface recombination, two analytical formulas describing the relative ratio of the interface (γI ) to the Langevin (γL) recombination coefficients have been derived. Our analysis indicates that the sign of parameters φT and φF determines...
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The Role of Electrostatics in Enzymes: Do Biomolecular Force Fields Reflect Protein Electric Fields?
PublikacjaPreorganization of large, directionally oriented, electric fields inside protein active sites has been proposed as a crucial contributor to catalytic mechanism in many enzymes, and it may be efficiently investigated at the atomistic level with molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we evaluate the ability of the AMOEBA polarizable force field, as well as the additive Amber ff14SB and Charmm C36m models, to describe the electric...
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Storage electric multiple units on partially electrified suburban railway lines
PublikacjaThe paper presents possible environmental, energy and economical gains implied by replacing conventional traction vehicles with independent powered electric multiple units (IPEMU) on partially electrified suburban railways. IPEMUs can operate in two modes of power supply – using overhead catenary or onboard battery storage. Appropriate computer simulations were carried out in the Matlab program, indicating the parameters of storage...