Filtry
wszystkich: 1992
wybranych: 554
Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: VERTICAL SUBWAY
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Superexcited states in the vacuum-ultraviolet photofragmentation of isoxazole molecules
PublikacjaThe photofragmentation of isoxazole molecules producing excited atomic and molecular fragments has been investigated over the energy range 16-50 eV, using photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The following fragments have been identified by their fluorescence: the excited hydrogen atoms H(n), n = 3-7 and the diatomic CH(A2Δ, B2Σ−), CN(B2Σ+) and C2(d3Πg) fragments. The diatomic fragments are vibrationally and highly rotationally...
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Footbridges. Dynamic Design – Selected Problems
PublikacjaModern footbridges create challenge in esthetic and structural design. Breaking the proven canons is a recipe for architectural success. However esthetic form has to be also a functional pedestrian bridge. Therefore a good FEM modeling is a key element in engineering part of design. The paper presents selected problems related to the modeling of the dynamic construction of footbridges. Several basic dynamic problems concerning...
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The Effect of Flexible Pavement Mechanics on the Accuracy of Axle Load Sensors in Vehicle Weigh-in-Motion Systems
PublikacjaWeigh-in-Motion systems are tools to prevent road pavements from the adverse phenomena of vehicle overloading. However, the effectiveness of these systems can be significantly increased by improving weighing accuracy, which is now insufficient for direct enforcement of overloaded vehicles. Field tests show that the accuracy of Weigh-in-Motion axle load sensors installed in the flexible (asphalt) pavements depends on pavement temperature...
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Effectiveness of pollutants removal in hybrid constructed wetlands – different configurations case study
PublikacjaIn recent years, an increase in interest in hybrid constructed wetland systems (HCWs) has been observed. The aim of the paper is to compare different HCW configurations in terms of mass removal rates and efficiency of pollutants removal. Analysed data have been collected at multistage constructed wetlands in Poland, which are composed by at least two beds: horizontal subsurface flow (SSHF) and vertical subsurface flow (SSVF). The...
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Correlation between natural frequencies and buckling load in a stiffened shell
PublikacjaThe paper deals with correlation between natural frequencies and buckling load of a stiffened shell composed of corrugated sheets and vertical stiffeners (columns). The simplified shell segment represents the buckling behaviour of a whole silo with sparsely distributed columns. The paper covers variants of linear buckling anal-yses, dynamic eigenvalue analyses and geometrically non-linear analyses of a segment modelled with shell...
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Concept of a swirling diffuser in batch blending tanks
PublikacjaThe mixing of two or more components belongs to the category of the most common unit operations, both in technology and in nature. One particular version is homogenization (blending), the effectivity of which is strongly related to the blending time. Among many differentiated individual solutions of mixing systems used in blenders, one should distinguish the class of agitators with diffusers. An analysis of the character of the...
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The analysis of the determination of points positions using photogrammetric methods
PublikacjaThis article was created as a result of research conducted within the master thesis. The purpose of the research was to analyze the accuracy of determining the actual position of the photographed points according to the calculated parameters. The accuracy of photos alignment was determined as parameters, which determine their external and internal orientation. In order to determine the location of the determined points, it was...
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A model of the response of the MGS-6 gravity sensor to tilting
PublikacjaThe reliable interpretation of the measurements made by the Micro-g marine gravimetric system (MGS-6) depends on how the temporary changes of the scale coefficients such as gravimeter scale factor, vertical cross-coupling (VCC) effect, tiltmeter cross and tiltmeter long are compensated for during the signal analysis. The listed coefficients cannot be determined from readings during the measurements or by analysing the final data....
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Minimum order of graphs with given coloring parameters
PublikacjaA complete k-coloring of a graph G=(V,E) is an assignment F: V -> {1,...,k} of colors to the vertices such that no two vertices of the same color are adjacent, and the union of any two color classes contains at least one edge. Three extensively investigated graph invariants related to complete colorings are the minimum and maximum number of colors in a complete coloring (chromatic number χ(G) and achromatic number ψ(G), respectively),...
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Network Approach to Increments of RR-intervals for Visualization of Dynamics of Cardiac Regulation
PublikacjaThe transition network for RR -increments is pre- sented in a directed and weighted graph, with vertices represent- ing RR -increments and edges corresponding to the order in a sequence of increments. The adjacency matrix and the transition matrix of this network provide a graphical tool which could be useful in the assessment of cardiac regulation. As an example, the method is applied in detecting differences between diurnal activity...
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Sharp bounds for the complexity of semi-equitable coloring of cubic and subcubic graphs
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the complexity of semi-equitable k-coloring of the vertices of a cubic or subcubic graph. We show that, given n-vertex subcubic graph G, a semi-equitable k-coloring of G is NP-hard if s >= 7n/20 and polynomially solvable if s <= 7n/21, where s is the size of maximum color class of the coloring.
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Balance recognition on the basis of EEG measurement.
PublikacjaAlthough electroencephalography (EEG) is not typically used for verifying the sense of balance, it can be used for analysing cortical signals responsible for this phenomenon. Simple balance tasks can be proposed as a good indicator of whether the sense of balance is acting more or less actively. This article presents preliminary results for the potential of using EEG to balance sensing....
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The Backbone Coloring Problem for Small Graphs
PublikacjaIn this paper we investigate the values of the backbone chromatic number, derived from a mathematical model for the problem of minimization of bandwidth in radio networks, for small connected graphs and connected backbones (up to 7 vertices). We study the relationship of this parameter with the structure of the graph and compare the results with the solutions obtained using the classical graph coloring algorithms (LF, IS), modified...
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Equitable and semi-equitable coloring of cubic graphs and its application in batch scheduling
PublikacjaIn the paper we consider the problems of equitable and semi-equitable coloring of vertices of cubic graphs. We show that in contrast to the equitable coloring, which is easy, the problem of semi-equitable coloring is NP- complete within a broad spectrum of graph parameters. This affects the complexity of batch scheduling of unit-length jobs with cubic incompatibility graph on three uniform processors to minimize...
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Double bondage in graphs
PublikacjaA vertex of a graph is said to dominate itself and all of its neighbors. A double dominating set of a graph G=(V,E) is a set D of vertices of G such that every vertex of G is dominated by at least two vertices of D. The double domination number of a graph G, denoted by gamma_d(G), is the minimum cardinality of a double dominating set of G. The double bondage number of G, denoted by b_d(G), is the minimum cardinality among all sets...
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On the size of identifying codes in triangle-free graphs
PublikacjaIn an undirected graph G, a subset C⊆V(G) such that C is a dominating set of G, and each vertex in V(G) is dominated by a distinct subset of vertices from C, is called an identifying code of G. The concept of identifying codes was introduced by Karpovsky, Chakrabarty and Levitin in 1998. For a given identifiable graph G, let gammaID(G) be the minimum cardinality of an identifying code in G. In this paper, we show that for any connected...
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Total chromatic sum for trees
PublikacjaThe total chromatic sum of a graph is the minimum sum of colors (natural numbers) taken over all proper colorings of vertices and edges of a graph. We provide infinite families of trees for which the minimum number of colors to achieve the total chromatic sum is equal to the total chromatic number. We construct infinite families of trees for which these numbers are not equal, disproving the conjecture from 2012.
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A space-efficient algorithm for computing the minimum cycle mean in a directed graph
PublikacjaAn algorithm is introduced for computing the minimum cycle mean in a strongly connected directed graph with n vertices and m arcs that requires O(n) working space. This is a considerable improvement for sparse graphs in comparison to the classical algorithms that require O(n^2) working space. The time complexity of the algorithm is still O(nm). An implementation in C++ is made publicly available at http://www.pawelpilarczyk.com/cymealg/.
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Tight bounds on the complexity of semi-equitable coloring of cubic and subcubic graphs
PublikacjaWe consider the complexity of semi-equitable k-coloring, k>3, of the vertices of a cubic or subcubic graph G. In particular, we show that, given a n-vertex subcubic graph G, it is NP-complete to obtain a semi-equitable k-coloring of G whose non-equitable color class is of size s if s>n/3, and it is polynomially solvable if s, n/3.
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Improvement of ships seakeeping performance by application of the full-scale cfd simulations
PublikacjaThe ship’s fuel economy is increasingly important. The paper presents the effect of redesigning a case study ship for increasing seakeeping performance. Selected wave parameters reflect very difficult operational conditions existing on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The analyzed variants of a case study ship represent the latest developments of modern hull forms. The concepts similar to V-shaped bulbous bow, X-bow, X-aft, B-bow...
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Temperature-dependent structure-property modeling of viscosity for ionic liquids
PublikacjaIn this paper we present the methodology for assessing the ionic liquids' viscosity at six temperature points (25, 35, 45, 50, 60 and 70 [C]), which utilizes only the in silico approach. The main idea of such assessment is based on the "correction equation" describing the correlation between experimentally measured viscosity and theoretically derived density (calculated with use of molecular mechanics), given at 6 different temperature...
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Towards the Application of Structure-Property Relationship Modeling in Materials Science: Predicting the Seebeck Coefficient for Ionic Liquid/Redox Couple Systems
PublikacjaThis work focuses on determining the influence of both ionic liquid (IL) type and redox couple concentration on Seebeck coefficient values of such a system. The quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) and read-across techniques are proposed as methods to identify structural features of ILs (mixed with LiI/I2 redox couple), which have the most influence on the Seebeck coefficient (Se) values of the system. ILs consisting...
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Potential and limits of landfill leachate treatment in a multi-stage subsurface flow constructed wetland – evaluation of organics and nitrogen removal
PublikacjaConstructed wetlands have potential of treating wastewater of poor biodegradability. The performance of a multistage sub-surface flow wetland treating municipal landfill leachate was assessed during three years of operation. During the study three research periods with different operation conditions were established. The hydralic loads, operation mode of vertical flow beds and type of treated wastewater (raw leachate – leachate...
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Areas of Updraft Air Motion in an Idealised Weather Research and Forecasting Model Simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Response to Different Floe Size Distributions
PublikacjaPresented dataset is part of a numerical modelling study focusing on the analysis of the influence of sea ice floe size distribution (FSD) on the horizontal and vertical structure of convection in the atmosphere. The total area and spatial arrangement of the up-drafts indicates that the FSD affects the total moisture content and the values of area averaged turbulent fluxes in the model domain. In fact, while convective updrafts...
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Spatial characterization of H 2: CH 4 dissociation level in microwave ECR plasma source by fibre-optic OES
PublikacjaSpatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy (SR-OES) was used to investigate microwave activated H2/Ar/CH4 plasma under conditions of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). The chemistry and composition of the gas phase were studied using self-designed fibre-optic system with echelle type spectrometer during CVD deposition of polycrystalline diamond. One-dimensional intensity profiles of the main species were collected along...
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Degradation of stiffness of building columns exposed to bending and impact load during ground motions
PublikacjaThe safety of civil engineering structures under external loads, including ground motions, is one of the issues related to the idea of sustainable society. The earthquake-induced soft-storey failure is a typical type of damage observed in buildings due to seismic excitation. The failure of an intermediate soft storey of a structure results in large vertical impact loading acting on the lower floors due to the fall of the upper...
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STABILITY ANALYSIS OF A TRUSS WITH SLOPING ELASTIC BRACES
PublikacjaSteel trusses have a much greater strength and stiffness in their plane than out of their plane, and therefore should be braced against lateral deflection and twisting. Such elements like purlins apart from bearing vertical load are part of bracing that stabilize roof trusses against distortional buckling. The stability of trusses with elastic bracing was investigated in an experimental research. Braces situated at some angle measured...
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Friction and Lubrication of Large Tilting-Pad Thrust Bearings
PublikacjaFluid film bearings have been extensively used in the industry because of their unbeatable durability and extremely low friction coefficient, despite a very low coefficient of friction dissipation of energy being noticeable, especially in large bearings. Lubricating systems of large tilting pad thrust bearings utilized in large, vertical shaft hydrogenerators are presented in this paper. A large amount of heat is generated due...
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Rural domestic wastewater treatment in Norway and Poland: experiences, cooperation and concepts on the improvement of constructed wetland technology
PublikacjaThis article describes Norwegian and Polish experiences concerning domestic wastewatertreatment obtained during nearly 20 years of operation for constructed wetland (CW) systemsin rural areas and scattered settlements. The Norwegian CW systems revealed a highperformance with respect to the removal of organic matter, biogenic elements and faecalindicator bacteria. The performance of the Polish CW systems was unstable, and varied...
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Numerical Analysis of a Steel Frame Building with Soft-storey Failure under Ground Motion Excitation
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to show the results of a numerical analysis focused on the behaviour of multi-storey steel frame building that suffers from a soft-storey failure under ground motion excitation. A numerical model of the structure was created in FEM computer software and was exposed to an impact that would have been generated after a soft-storey failure due to falling of the upper floors. During the analysis, the whole structure...
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Investigation of the impact of ITRF2014/IGS14 on the positions of the reference stations in Europe
PublikacjaIn January 2017, the new realization of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) – ITRF2014, was released. Besides the higher accuracy and consistency of the new frame, an entirely new element – the post seismic deformation - was included. Moreover, the definition of the fundamental points has also been changed. All changes related to the new reference frame haveconsequences in the precise positioning using GNSS observations....
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Simple 2-D Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using an ESPAR Antenna
PublikacjaIn this letter, it has been shown how an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna can be used for 2-D direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation employing received signal strength (RSS) values only. The proposed approach relies on changes in RSS values recorded at the antenna output port observed for different vertical and horizontal directions, while antenna’s main beam sweeps 360° area around the ESPAR antenna. Based...
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Field tests on hydrodynamic and hybrid operation of a bi-directional thrust bearing of a pump-turbine
PublikacjaIn vertical shaft pump turbines operating in pumped storage power plants an important role is played by a thrust bearing. Because of bi-directional character of operation, thrust bearing tilting pads have to be supported symmetrically, which is known to be unfavourable from the point of view of their performance. Large thrust bearings have to be carefully designed so as to minimise excessive thermo-elastic pad deformations. The...
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Field Tests on Hydrodynamic and Hybrid Operation of a Bidirectional Thrust Bearing of a Pump-Turbine
PublikacjaIn vertical shaft pump turbines operating in pumped storage power plants an important role is played by a thrust bearing. Due to the bidirectional character of operation, thrust bearing tilting pads have to be supported symmetrically, which is known to be unfavourable from the point of view of their performance. Large thrust bearings have to be carefully designed so as to minimise excessive thermo-elastic pad deformations. The...
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Procesy i efektywność usuwania zanieczyszczeń z odcieków ze składowisk odpadów komunalnych w oczyszczalniach hydrofitowych
PublikacjaOczyszczanie odcieków z SOK jest jednym z najbardziej istotnych problemów ekologicznych na świecie. Odprowadzenie odcieków do oczyszczalni ścieków komunalnych jest przeważnie niemożliwe, ze względu na ich zmienną ilość oraz skład, bardzo wysokie stężenia ChZT i azotu amonowego, a także obecność trwałych zanieczyszczeń organicznych (TZO) oraz metali ciężkich. Najlepszym rozwiązaniem jest oczyszczanie wód odciekowych na terenie składowiska....
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Complexity Issues on of Secondary Domination Number
PublikacjaIn this paper we study the computational complexity issues of the problem of secondary domination (known also as (1, 2)-domination) in several graph classes. We also study the computational complexity of the problem of determining whether the domination and secondary domination numbers are equal. In particular, we study the influence of triangles and vertices of degree 1 on these numbers. Also, an optimal algorithm for finding...
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Praktyczne zastosowania analizy wrażliwości na przykładzie projektowania tarczy
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono przykłady zastosowania analizy wrażliwości przy projektowaniu tar-czy. Badano wpływ zmian grubości obszarów tarczy – zmiennej projektowej – na przemiesz-czenie wybranego punktu tarczy – zmiennej stanu. Zaproponowano metodę projektowania polegającą na zwiększeniu grubości obszarów tarczy, których wpływ na wariację zmiennej stanu (wrażliwość) jest największa. Do obliczeń numerycznych korzystano z metody elemen-tów...
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Independence in uniform linear triangle-free hypergraphs
PublikacjaThe independence number a(H) of a hypergraph H is the maximum cardinality of a set of vertices of H that does not contain an edge of H. Generalizing Shearer’s classical lower bound on the independence number of triangle-free graphs Shearer (1991), and considerably improving recent results of Li and Zang (2006) and Chishti et al. (2014), we show a new lower bound for a(H) for an r-uniform linear triangle-free hypergraph H with r>=2.
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Validation Process for Computational Model of Full-Scale Segment for Design of Composite Footbridge
PublikacjaExperimental tests and numerical simulations of a full-scale segment of a foot and cycle bridge made of polymer composites are presented in the paper. The analysed structure is made of sandwich panels, which consist of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) multi-layered laminate faces and a PET foam (obtained from recycling) core. The dimensions of the segment cross-section are the same as for the target footbridge; however, span...
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Mobility and bioavailability of mercury in sediments of the southern Baltic sea in relation to the chemical fractions of iron: Spatial and temporal patterns
PublikacjaMarine sediments play a significant role as reservoirs for mercury (Hg), a bioaccumulative toxic pollutant that poses risks to human and ecosystem health. Iron (Fe) has been recognized as an influential factor in the complexation and bioavailability of Hg in sediments. However, limited studies have investigated the interactions between the chemical fractions of these elements in natural settings. This study aims to examine the...
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Assessing historical church tower asymmetry using point cloud spatial expansion
PublikacjaChurch towers are key cultural heritage. In theory, towers are vertical, while facade elements are symmetrically positioned around the tower axis. However, during service of a structure, building and lifetime conditions cause deviations, with associated risks. Laser scanning point clouds can be used to assess the structural state but a universal approach was missing. The proposed algorithm first estimates the tower inclination,...
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Methodology for Performing Bathymetric Measurements of Shallow Waterbodies Using an UAV, and their Processing Based on the SVR Algorithm
PublikacjaState-of-art methods of bathymetric measurements for shallow waterbodies use Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor or satellite imagery. Currently, photogrammetric methods with the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are gathering great importance. This publication aims to present step-by-step methodology for carrying out the bathymetric measurements...
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Methodology for Performing Bathymetric Measurements of Shallow Waterbodies Using an UAV, and their Processing Based on the SVR Algorithm
PublikacjaState-of-art methods of bathymetric measurements for shallow waterbodies use Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor or satellite imagery. Currently, photogrammetric methods with the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are gathering great importance. This publication aims to present step-by-step methodology for carrying out the bathymetric measurements...
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OPERATING CONDITIONS OF SLIDE BEARINGS OF MILLS USED IN KGHM POLSKA MIEDŹ S.A.
PublikacjaThe paper contains the results from a tec hnical analysis of the conditions of the operation of hydrodynamic bearings supporting the drums of ore processing mills at KGHM Polska Mied ź S.A. A theoretical analysis was performed on the grounds of onsite examination and measurem ents of principal dimensions of the bearings of interest. The computer simulation covered the characteristics of the oil film in the bearings...
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Distribution and removal efficiency of heavy metals in two constructed wetlands treating landfill leachate
PublikacjaThe results of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd) removal and partitioning between aqueous and solid phases at two wetlands (TWs) treating municipal landfill leachates are presented. One of the TWs is a surface flow facility consisting of 10 ponds. The other TW is a newly constructed pilot-scale facility consisting of three beds with alternately vertical and horizontal sub-surface flow. The metals concentrations were...
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The role of SSVF and SSHF beds in concentrated wastewater treatment, design recommendation
PublikacjaThe return flows of reject water from sewage sludge dewatering alter the activated sludge process ina conventional WWTP and increase TN concentration in the final effluent from WWTP. The objectiveof the investigation carried out was to consider the application of multistage treatment wetland(MTW) for the treatment of reject water from sewage sludge dewatering in a centrifuge (RWC). Thispaper aims to present the design and performance...
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Reliability assessment of an OVH HV power line truss transmission tower subjected to seismic loading
PublikacjaThe study focuses on the reliability of a transmission tower OS24 ON150 + 10, an element of an OVH HV power line, under seismic loading. In order to describe the seismic force, the real-life recording of the horizontal component of the El Centro earthquake was adopted. The amplitude and the period of this excitation are assumed random, their variation is described by Weibull distribution. The possible space state of the phenomenon...
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Improvement of ships seakeeping performance by application of the Full-scale CFD simulations – case study
PublikacjaThe ship’s fuel economy is increasingly important. The paper presents the effect of redesigning a case study ship for increasing seakeeping performance. Selected wave parameters reflects very difficult operational con-ditions existing on the North Sea and the Baltic Sea. The analyzed variants of a case study ship represent the latest developments of modern hull forms. The concepts similar to V-shaped bulbous bow, X-bow, X-aft,...
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Shear band evolution phenomena in direct shear test modelled with DEM.
PublikacjaA direct shear test is widely used in the geotechnical engineering field. It is an easy and quick test to measure the shear properties of soil. This test often replaces more expensive and difficult tri-axial shear test. Despite that the direct shear test is known and used for a long time, it is still not well investigated at the grain scale. This paper deals with the micro behaviour of the cohesionless sand inside the direct shear...
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Independent Domination Subdivision in Graphs
PublikacjaA set $S$ of vertices in a graph $G$ is a dominating set if every vertex not in $S$ is adjacent to a vertex in~$S$. If, in addition, $S$ is an independent set, then $S$ is an independent dominating set. The independent domination number $i(G)$ of $G$ is the minimum cardinality of an independent dominating set in $G$. The independent domination subdivision number $\sdi(G)$ is the minimum number of edges that must be subdivided (each...