Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: COMBUSTOR
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Analytics of airport runoff water samples
PublikacjaThe everyday activities at airports, such as aircraft and ground vehicle washing, cleaning, de/anti-icing operations, fuelling, and fuel combustion, removing weeds are the main sources of airport industrial wastes. Runoff waters from airport areas constitute a serious environmental problem as they contribute to air, water, and soil pollution. The paper supplies general information on the technologies for treating airport runoff...
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Spalanie w cementowniach jako forma odzysku energetycznego opon
PublikacjaCombustion in cement mills as a form of energy recovery from tiressummary: the subject of used tires is an important issue in poland. in this article, special focus is aimed atmaterial recycling, i.e. tire burning. even though this is not the most energetically effective method, it is one ofthe main techniques used in tire utilization. tires are burned as alternative fuel in already existing cement mills.the high calorific value...
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Study of a Flame Kernel Evolution in a Turbulent Mixing Layer Using LES with a Laminar Chemistry Model
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Critical conditions of hydrogen-air detonation in partially confined geometry
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Investigation of the Aerodynamics of an Innovative Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of an experimental investigation and a three dimensional numerical analysis of the transient aerodynamic phenomena occurring in the innovative modification of classic Savonius wind turbine. An attempt to explain the increased efficiency of the innovative design a comparison with the traditional solution is undertaken. A vorticity measure based on the integral of the velocity gradient tensor second...
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Modelling of two-component turbulent mass and heat transfer in air-fed pressurised suits
PublikacjaIn this paper the modelling of an important industrial problem is addressed, which involves the two-component turbulent flow with heat transfer that takes place inside protective clothing. The geometry of the flow boundaries is reconstructed in a CAD system from photogrammetry scan data. The overall model is sufficiently realistic to allow, after validation, design improvements to be tested. Those presented here allow the reduction...
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The Discrete-Continuous, Global Optimisation of an Axial Flow Blood Pump
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of the discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump. Differential evolution (DE) is used as a global optimisation method in order to localise the optimal solution in a relatively short time. The whole optimisation process is fully automated. This also applies to geometry modelling. Numerical simulations of the flow inside the pump are performed by means of the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes...
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[Chapter] 22. Application of physical modeling to study combustion process-es and flow patterns in large-scale boilers and furmaces. W: Optical me- thods and data processing in heat and fluid flow. Ed. C. Greated, J. Cos-grove, J.M. Buick. Bury St. Edmunds. London: Profess. Eng. Publ.**2002 s. 267-277, 4 rys. bibliogr. 6 poz. Zastosowanie modelowania fizycznego do badania procesów spalania pola prze- pływu w przemysłowych kotłach i piecach.
PublikacjaRozdział zawiera wyniki badań modelowania fizycznego dwuwymiarowego i trój-wymiarowego pola przepływu i procesów spalania w wybranych urządzeniachprzemysłowych.
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Analysis of possibility and purposefulness of application of waste-heat boilers to trailing suction hopper dredgers
PublikacjaThis paper presents an analysis of possibility and purposefulness of application of waste-heat boilers to trailing suction hopper dredgers. Using results of own operational research on dredgers this author determined thermal power demand for six hypothetical trailing suction hopper dredgers of various size, at accounting for a type of power system and kind of fuel combusted by dredger's power plant. By means of basic indices of...
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Effect of Linear Energy and Microstructure on the Content of Residual Hydrogen in Welded Joints made of Superduplex Steels
PublikacjaThe article presents tests concerning the content of retained hydrogen present in FCAW and SAW welded joints made of superduplex steel. The use of various welding technologies resulted in the obtainment of welds having different microstructures and ferrite contents. Measurements of retained hydrogen present in joints (performed using the complete combustion method) revealed various contents of hydrogen in the base material and...
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Power enhancement of the Brayton cycle by steam utilization
PublikacjaThe paper presents thermodynamic analysis of the gas-steam unit of the 65 MWe combined heat and power station. Numerical analyses of the station was performed for the nominal operation conditions determining the Brayton and combined cycle. Furthermore, steam utilization for the gas turbine propulsion in the Cheng cycle was analysed. In the considered modernization, steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator unit is directed...
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Enhancement of the Brayton cycle efficiency by water or steam utilization
PublikacjaIn the paper, thermodynamic analysis of two modifications of a Brayton cycle into enhancement cycles with water/steam injection are discussed. The first one deals with a STIG modified system with both interstage compressed air cooling and air heating (heat regeneration) before combustion chamber. The second one, mainly devoted to higher steam/air ratio, is connected with separate steam production in a HRSG. The analysis has been...
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Porous structures in aspects of transpirating cooling of oxycombustion chamber walls
PublikacjaA wet oxycombustion chamber, which must be effectively cooled due to high temperature evolved during the oxy-combustion process, by using the phenomena of Reynolds thermal transpiration and Navier slip velocity. Closures needed to execute mass flow rate in a microchannel, which should be treated as a single porous structure in the walls of the combustion chamber, have been obtained by applying a local 3D approach. The Navier-Stokes...
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Reduction of CO2 Emissions from Offshore Combined Cycle Diesel Engine-Steam Turbine Power Plant Powered by Alternative Fuels
PublikacjaDiverse forms of environmental pollution arise with the introduction of materials or energy that exert adverse effects on human health, climate patterns, ecosystems, and beyond. Rigorous emission regulations for gases resulting from fuel combustion are being enforced by the European Union and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), directed at maritime sectors to mitigate emissions of SOx, NOx, and CO2. The IMO envisions...
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A comparative study of pentanol (C5 alcohol) and kerosene blends in terms of gas turbine engine performance and exhaust gas emission
PublikacjaThe growing demand for sustainable and clean energy sources provides the incentive for the development of alternative fuels. Simultaneously, the development of gas turbine technologies with flexible fuel supply systems enables the use of alternative non-fossil fuels that can play key roles in contributing to global efforts in meeting emissions targets. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the production and potential...
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The role of additives in improving the flammability and calorific value of leather shavings and the binding of chromium compounds in ash
PublikacjaLeather processing companies are struggling with the problem of increasing costs of post-production waste disposal. Therefore, the issue of thermal waste disposal at the plant and the use of generated heat in the production process is becoming more and more popular. Leather waste on its own does not allow for autothermal combustion despite the sufficient higher heating value (HHV). Therefore the Authors proposed to improve the...
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Rational Use of Primary Energy in Single-Family Residential Houses
PublikacjaThis work presents results of the primary energy use for heating residential single-family house. Analysis includes domestic hot water system (DHW) and heating, ventilation and air condition system (HVAC). During researches the conventional and alternative energy sources (natural gas, biomass, fuel oil, bituminous coal, lignite or electric energy obtained from electric power system – EPS) were used in DHW and HVAC systems. Furthermore...
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Pollutants in Airport Runoff Waters
PublikacjaRunoff waters from airport areas constitute a serious environmentalproblem. It is essential to monitor levels of pollutants emitted intothe environment and measure their toxicity on a continuous basis.The authors' aim was to critically review data on pollution fromaviation fuel combustion, aviation fuel spillage, the washing andcleaning of aircraft and airport service equipment, and the useof de-/anti-icing agents published in...
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Optimization of microstructure and properties of acceptor-doped barium cerate
PublikacjaThe presented research concerns acceptor doped barium cerate and the attempts of improvement of its production method that would allow obtaining the solid electrolyte characterized by the particular properties. The authors suggest combining two production methods, molten salt synthesis and self-combustion, in order to achieve the compound material that has some of the advantages of both of the initial methods. An impact of nickel...
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A novel concept of H2/O2 steam generator
PublikacjaThis paper presents an idea of hydrogen utilization to steam generation to drive a turbine and produce electricity or to supply a condenser as an element of a heating system. Electrolysis process is considered as a source of hydrogen as well as oxygen. Hydrogen combustion with a stoichiometric ratio of pure oxygen produces steam at very high temperature. Steam temperature can be controlled by mixing the generated steam with liquid...
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A NOVEL CONCEPT OF H2/O2 STEAM GENERATOR
PublikacjaThis paper presents an idea of hydrogen utilization to steam generation to drive a turbine and produce electricity or to supply a condenser as an element of heating system. Electrolysis process is considered as a source of hydrogen as well as oxygen. Hydrogen combustion with a stoichiometric ratio of pure oxygen produces steam at very high temperature. Steam temperature can be controlled by mixing the generated steam with liquid...
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Analysis of operations of combined STIG installation
PublikacjaSteam injection in gas turbines is interesting technology with good energetic and ecological properties of gas turbines. In these applications the heat of exhaust gases is used to produce steam, which is injected in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine. The steam injection increase the power and efficiency of the installation. there are some possibilities to increases the properties of STIG turbines, for example by meas of additional...
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Ocena sprawności cyklu roboczego Pojazdu do Usuwania Odpadów z Pojemników na podstawie danych eksploatacyjnych
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiona została metoda oceny sprawności cyklu roboczego śmieciarki. Wykorzystując dane eksploatacyjne wyznaczono dwa reprezentatywne cykle i na ich podstawie obliczono zarówno sprawność całego cyklu, jak i jego poszczególnych faz. Porównano wartości energii potrzebnej do opróżniania pojemników, energii do zagęszczania odpadów oraz energii z paliwa. Przedstawiono przebiegi mierzonych i obliczonych wartości w czasie...
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Thermodynamic Cycles of Air Microturbine Power Plants Working on Biomass Fuels
PublikacjaThe gas turbine engine is modified to work as an air turbine set which consists, in the simplest arrangement, of a compressor, a heat exchanger and a turbine. Air is a working medium for both: the compressor and the turbine. This kind of air turbine set can be applied in power plants working on biomass fuels. In this solution we can burn fuels of varying parameters in the external combustion chamber without any harmful effects...
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Geotechnical Aspects of Dike Construction Using Soil-Ash Composites
PublikacjaAn analysis of using of anthropogenic materials, mainly ashes from Coal Combustion Products (CCP), for dike construction is shown. Perspectives of anthropogenic materials application in geotechnical engineering and their advantages in sense of the carbon dioxide reduction are discussed. According to regulations of Kioto Protocol 2005 and EU agreement “Energy Roadmap 2050” recycled materials have higher usage priority than natural...
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COMPREHENSIVE MODELLING OF THE COST EFFECTIVNESS OF RAILWAY LINE ELECTRIFICATION
PublikacjaSubject of this paper is the mathematical model estimating the Economical threshold between usage of combustion engine traction and electrical traction for new and modernized railway passenger communication lines. Currently available models do not coincide with the whole complexity of the problem. The proposed model was implemented into Matlab and then validated on “Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna” investment time-frame and its cost...
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A Comparative Numerical Simulation Study of Turbulent Non-premixed CO/H2/N2 Syngas Jet Flames
PublikacjaIn the present work, numerical simulations of turbulent non-premixed syngas flame have been performed in Reynolds-Averaged Naver-Stokes turbulence approach using four turbulence-chemistry interaction models. To this aim, we used assumed beta PDF approach, Steady Laminar Flamelet model, Eddy Dissipation Concept and Partially Stirred Reactor model. Numerical results are compared and analysed with respect to two experiments from the...
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Effects of Basalt and Carbon Fillers on Fire Hazard, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of EPDM Rubber Composites
PublikacjaDue to growing restrictions on the use of halogenated flame retardant compounds, there is great research interest in the development of fillers that do not emit toxic compounds during thermal decomposition. Polymeric composite materials with reduced flammability are increasingly in demand. Here, we demonstrate that unmodified graphene and carbon nanotubes as well as basalt fibers or flakes can act as effective flame retardants...
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Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostic examination of naval gas turbine engines. Part II. Unsteady processes
PublikacjaThe second part of the article presents the results of operating diagnostic tests of a two- and three-shaft engine with a separate power turbine during the start-up and acceleration of the rotor units. Attention was paid to key importance of the correctness of operation of the automatic engine load control system, the input for which, among other signals, is the rate of increase of the exhaust gas flow temperature. The article...
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Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on gaseous fuels in dual-fuel mode
PublikacjaConventional fossil fuels are being substituted with alternative green fuels because of their greenhouse gas emissions and pollution problems, which pose a severe threat to the environment. Several studies have reported the usage of biodiesel and gaseous fuels in both single and dual-fuel modes. Gaseous fuels such as producer gas, biogas, syngas, and hydrogen produced from renewable biomass could potentially be used along with...
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Thermal performance of Si and GaAs based solar cells and modules.
PublikacjaPraca przedstawia aktualny stan wiedzy na temat wpływu temperatury na parametry pracy ogniw i modułów fotowoltaicznych z amorficznego krzemu i GaAs. Przedstawiono ogólna analizę rezultatów zastosowania modułów fotowoltaicznych w budownictwie ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem systemów hybrydowych, przekształcających energie słoneczną w prąd elektryczny i ciepło.
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PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMBINED GAS-STEAM TURBINE UNIT OF A HYBRID CYCLE FOR THE FPSO VESSEL
PublikacjaA thermal diagram of the combined gas‒steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle, which is an energy complex consisting of a base gas turbine engine with a steam turbine heat recovery circuit and a steam-injected gas turbine operating with overexpansion, is proposed. A mathematical model of a power plant has been developed, taking into consideration the features of thermodynamic processes of simple, binary, and steam-injected...
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Evaluation of the efficiency of the duty cycle of refuse collection vehicle based on real-world data
PublikacjaIn this paper a method of the efficiency evaluation of the duty cycle of Refuse Collection Vehicle is presented. Using real world data, two representative duty cycles were analysed. Total cycle efficiency was calculated, as well as the efficiency of particular cycle phases. Then, energy needed to collect and compact the waste and energy from fuel were compared. Measured and calculated values were shown on the diagrams illustrating...
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Stability analysis of a dike constructed of anthropogenic materials
PublikacjaNumerical analyses of stability are presented for a hypothetical dikes constructed of dredged materials and bottom ash, in varying proportions. The paper is related to the international research project DredgDikes, which focused on the use of anthropogenic materials in dikes construction and flood protection. The aim of this project was to investigate the possibility of using anthropogenic materials from rivers and sea dredging...
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Corrosion of evaporator tubes in low emission steam boilers
PublikacjaPurpose of this paper is to reveal the mechanisms of corrosion processes of outer surfaces of low-emission steam boiler evaporator tubes. Examinations were performed to find the reasons of different corrosion susceptibility of tubes situated at combustion chamber on various levels. Examinations were conducted on several segments of 57 x 5.0 mm evaporator tubes made of 16M (16Mo3) steel grade. Segments were taken from level of...
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Coatings in arthroplasty [online]
PublikacjaThe modern coatings used in arthroplasty for long term implants are reviewed. The phosphate coatingsare the most popular technique to improve the bone-implant interfacial strength and promote theosseointegration. The plasma spraying, electrophoretic precipitation, powder metallurgy, ion beamsputtering, high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) combustion spraying, sol-gel technique, biomimeticdeposition are mostly used to obtain the phosphate,...
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Application of Diagnostic Ratios of PAHs to Characterize the Pollution Emission Sources
PublikacjaThe paper summarizes the potential of application of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to identify their emission sources. Four parent PAHs diagnostic ratios are used for this purpose: anthracene/(anthracene + phenanthrene), fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene), benzo[a]pyrene/(benzo[a]pyrene + chryzene) and indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene/(indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene + benzo[g,h,i]perylene). The compounds of each ratio have the...
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Power augmentation of PGE Gorzow's gas turbine by steam injection - thermodynamic overview
PublikacjaThe impact of steam injection upon a gas turbine and a combined power plant performance has been investigated. This article describes and summarizes possibilities of modification for current gas turbine in PGE Gorzow power plant into the Cheng cycle. Our modification deals with a thermal cycle, in which steam produced in a heat recovery steam generator is injected into the gas turbine's combustion chamber. It has been proved that...
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Stirling engines powered by renewable energy sources
PublikacjaStirling engine is a device that produces mechanical energy using heat from any source of energy, without the need of combustion of any fuel inside the device. Renewable energy sources, which are mostly low-temperature energy sources, can be used to produce mechanical and electrical energy in Stirling engines. The paper presents an overview of the existing prototype Stirling engines designed for using of low-temperature energy...
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THE IMPACT OF GROUND TIRE RUBBER TREATMENT ON THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE/GROUND TIRE RUBBER COMPOSITES
PublikacjaWaste car tires are burdensome waste, and their utilization is crucial for the natural environment. In many countries, the primary method of their recycling is energy recovery, performed by simple combustion. However, material recycling is much more effective and significantly more beneficial for the natural environment. It results in the generation of ground tire rubber, which can be used to produce polymerrubber composites. It...
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OPTIMIZATION OF THE LAST STAGE OF GAS-STEAM TURBINE USING A HYBRID METHOD
PublikacjaThis paper relates to the CFD calculation of a new turbine type which is in the phase of theoretical analysis, because the working fluid is a mixture of steam and gas generated in wet combustion chamber. At first, this article concentrates on a possibility of streamlining the flow efficiency of a last stage of axial turbine working on gas-steam mixture using a hybrid of the particle swarm optimization algorithm with the Nelder-Mead...
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Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostic examination of naval gas turbine engines. Part I: Steady-state processes
PublikacjaThe article presents a possible method of detecting failures in the flow section and supply system of a naval gas turbine engine based on the exhaust gas temperature measured behind the gas generator. This temperature is a basic diagnostic parameter use for evaluating the technical state of the turbine engine in operation, and is monitored during engine start-ups, accelerations and decelerations of rotor units, and steady-load...
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Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials
PublikacjaDevelopment of green flame retardants has become a core part of the attention of material scientists and technologists in a paradigm shift from general purpose to specific sustainable products. This work is the first report on the use of coffee biowastes as sustainable flame retardants for epoxy, as a typical highly flammable polymer. We used spent coffee grounds (SCG) as well as SCG chemically modified with phosphorus (P-SCG)...
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Application Isssues of the Semi-Markov Reliability Model
PublikacjaPredicting the reliability of marine internal combustion engines, for instance, is of particular importance, as it makes it possible to predict their future reliability states based on the information on the past states. Correct reliability prediction is a complex process which consists in processing empirical results obtained from operating practice, complemented by analytical considerations. The process of technical state changes...
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Sources and Fate of PAHs and PCBs in the Marine Environment
PublikacjaThe assessment of a hazard resulting from the pollution of the environment by chemical compounds is in principle limited to the determination of their concentrations in its various compartments. But for solving many problems in this context, knowledge of the emission sources, transport pathways, and sites of deposition is of great benefit. By far the largest amounts of pollutants, regardless of where they were discharged, end up...
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Contaminants in airport runoff water in the Vicinities of Two International Airports in Poland
PublikacjaThe general aim of the study was to evaluate environmental quality associated with the operations (combustion of fuels, cleaning of aircraft and airport aprons, aircraft, ground vehicle maintenance and repairs, fuelling operations, de/anti-icing operations) of international airports located in central and northern of Poland. These two monitoring areas were set up to monitor PAHs, PCBs, formaldehydes, phenols, detergents (cationic,...
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Conception for diagnosing SI engines fed with biofuel in operation conditions
PublikacjaThe article deals with the question of diagnosing the high power self ignition (SI) engines fed with pro-ecologic fuels in an aspect of appearing operation problems. There has been presented the specific of action and techno-operation profile of the combustion engine foreseen as an investigations object. The preliminary conception of diagnostic investigations of the engine 7L35MC type produced in H. Cegielski - Poznan S.A. factory...
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Comparison of Downdraft and Updraft Gasification of Biomass in a Fixed Bed Reactor
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to compare and analyze the gasification process of beech wood. The experimental investigation was conducted inside a gasifier, which can be operated in downdraft and updraft gasification system. The most important operating parameter studied in this paper was the influence of the amount of supply air on the temperature distribution, biomass consumption and syngas calorific value. The results show that...
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Evaluating experimental molecular physics studies of radiation damage in DNA*
PublikacjaThe field of Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMP) is a mature field exploring the spectroscopy, excitation, ionisation of atoms and molecules in all three phases. Understanding of the spectroscopy and collisional dynamics of AMP has been fundamental to the development and application of quantum mechanics and is applied across a broad range of disparate disciplines including atmospheric sciences, astrochemistry, combustion and environmental...
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Improvement of CO2 absorption and inhibition of NH3 escape during CaCO3 precipitation in the presence of selected alcohols and polyols
PublikacjaThis research aims to investigate the effect of selected organic substances containing hydroxyl groups on the reduction of NH3 escape and the improvement of CO2 capture during the precipitation of calcium carbonate by carbonation method using post-distillation liquid from the Solvay process and gas stream containing CO2 in the amount corresponding to the exhausted gases produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. Glycerol, ethylene...