Abstract
An important challenge to achieving sustainable university campuses is ensuring that the academic community makes sustainable transport choices. The objective of this study was to investigate the daily commuting patterns, identify the potential for change, and determine the factors and criteria affecting the transport decisions of academic communities of two universities located in Gdansk, Poland. This paper summarizes the results of trip generation measurements and a comprehensive online survey of 3678 respondents, including the universities’ staff and students. Analysis of survey results revealed clear differences between students and university staff in terms of travel patterns and factors that influence their choices. Staff usually (57%) choose the car for daily commutes with students opting for public transport (59%). The choice of travel mode in particular groups is determined mostly by car availability, trip origin location, and accessibility. The choices also depend on transport user individual requirements such as trip quality, costs, or ecology. With approximately 1400 trips daily per 1000 students, the universities are large traffic generators. Thus, how the staff and students behave determines the effect the universities have on the urban transport system. Understanding the behaviour can help to estimate whether it can be changed and how.
Citations
-
1 0
CrossRef
-
0
Web of Science
-
1 2
Scopus
Authors (3)
Cite as
Full text
- Publication version
- Accepted or Published Version
- License
- open in new tab
Keywords
Details
- Category:
- Articles
- Type:
- artykuł w czasopiśmie wyróżnionym w JCR
- Published in:
-
Sustainability
no. 11,
pages 1 - 18,
ISSN: - Language:
- English
- Publication year:
- 2019
- Bibliographic description:
- Romanowska A., Okraszewska R., Jamroz K.: A Study of Transport Behaviour of Academic Communities// Sustainability. -Vol. 11, iss. 13 (2019), s.1-18
- DOI:
- Digital Object Identifier (open in new tab) 10.3390/su11133519
- Bibliography: test
-
- Tolley, R. Green campuses: Cutting the environmental cost of commuting. J. Transp. Geogr. 1996, 4, 213-217. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Banister, D.; Anderton, K.; Bonilla, D.; Givoni, M.; Schwanen, T. Transportation and the Environment. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2011, 36, 247-270. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kenyon, S.; Lyons, G.; Rafferty, J. Transport and social exclusion: Investigating the possibility of promoting inclusion through virtual mobility. J. Transp. Geogr. 2002, 10, 207-219. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Lerner, W. The Future of Urban Mobility: Towards Networked, Multimodal Cities of 2050;
- Arthur D. Little: Boston, MA, USA, 2011. 5. Commission of the European Communities Green Paper. Towards a New Culture for Urban Mobility;
- Commission of the European Communities: Brussels, Belgium, 2007. open in new tab
- Commission of the European Communities. White Paper on Transport. Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area-towards a Competitive and Resource Efficient Transport System; Commission of the European Communities: Brussels, Belgium, 2011. open in new tab
- Okraszewska, R.; Romanowska, A.; Wołek, M.; Oskarbski, J.; Birr, K.; Jamroz, K. Integration of a multilevel transport system model into sustainable Urban mobility planning. Sustainability 2018, 10, 479. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Deutscher, I. What We Say/What We Do: Sentiment and Acts;
- Scott, Foresman: Glenview, IL, USA, 1973. open in new tab
- Van Weenen, H. Towards a vision of a sustainable university. Int. J. Sustain. High. Educ. 2000, 1, 20-34. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Association of University Leaders for a Sustainable Future. The Talloires Declaration 10 Point Action Plan; Association of School and College Leaders: Leicester, UK, 1999. open in new tab
- Hancock, L.; Nuttman, S. Engaging higher education institutions in the challenge of sustainability: Sustainable transport as a catalyst for action. J. Clean. Prod. 2014, 62, 62-71. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Joseph, C.; Engkamat, A.; Tawie, R. Sustainability Disclosure on Malaysian University Websites. In Proceedings of the 25th Asian-Pacific Conference on International accounting issues, Bali, Indonesia, 10-13 November 2013.
- Kaplan, D.H. Transportation sustainability on a university campus. Int. J. Sustain. High. Educ. 2015, 16, 173-186. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Okraszewska, R.; Romanowska, A.; Jamroz, K. The Effect of University Campuses on the Modal Split of Polish Cities. In Proceedings of the Intelligent Transport Systems and Travel Behaviour 13th Scientific and Technical Conference "Transport Systems. Theory and Practice 2016", Katowice, Poland, 19-21 September 2016; Selected Papers. Springer International Publishing: Berlin, Germany, 2017; pp. 65-74. open in new tab
- Rotaris, L.; Danielis, R. Commuting to college: The effectiveness and social efficiency of transportation demand management policies. Transp. Policy 2015, 44, 158-168. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Rotaris, L.; Danielis, R. The impact of transportation demand management policies on commuting to college facilities: A case study at the University of Trieste, Italy. Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 2014, 67, 127-140. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Inc.: Watertown, MA, USA, 2011. open in new tab
- Romanowska, A.; Okraszewska, R.; Jamroz, K. Universities as Part of the Urban Transport System-Analysis Using the Example of the Gdansk University of Technology and Medical University of Gdansk. In Sustainable Transport Development, Innovation and Technology; Suchanek, M., Ed.; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2017; pp. 119-128. open in new tab
- Norton, R.K.; Brix, A.; Brydon, T.; Davidian, E.; Dinse, K.; Vidyarthi, S. Transforming the University Campus into a Sustainable Community. Plan. High. Educ. 2007, 35, 22-39.
- Toor, W.; Spenser, W. Transportation and Sustainable Campus Communities: Issues, Examples, Solutions. Int. J. Sustain. High. Educ. 2004, 13, 203-204. open in new tab
- Okraszewska, R.; Romanowska, A.; Jamroz, K. Segmentation of academic community for the purposes of mobility plan development-case study of Gdansk University of Technology. ICERI Proc. 2016, 4221-4231. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Cooper, A.; Johnson, I.; Michaan, K.; Berg, Z.; Dessauer, L.; Fuentes, J.; Labadie, K.; Zhou, Y.; Koh, Y.M.; Rossi, A.; et al. A Sustainable Campus for the Future: Proposals for Sarah Lawrence College. Campus Environmental Sustainability Project. Book 10;
- Šmid, P.; Lukešová, D.; Mourek, P. Mobility Plans; open in new tab
- Fundacja Partnerstwo dlaŚrodowiska: Cracow, Poland, 2011; ISBN 9788361733102.
- Zhou, J. Sustainable commute in a car-dominant city: Factors affecting alternative mode choices among university students. Transp. Res. Part A Policy Pract. 2012, 46, 1013-1029. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Gatersleben, B.; Uzzell, D. Affective Appraisals of the Daily Commute. Environ. Behav. 2007, 39, 416-431. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Shannon, T.; Giles-Corti, B.; Pikora, T.; Bulsara, M.; Shilton, T.; Bull, F. Active commuting in a university setting: Assessing commuting habits and potential for modal change. Transp. Policy 2006, 13, 240-253. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Petrik, O.; Silva, J.; Moura, F. Stated preference surveys in transport demand modeling: Disengagement of respondents. Transp. Lett. 2016, 8, 13-25. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Ministry of Works and Transport Roads Department. Traffic Data Collection and Analysis; Hastings District Council: Hasting, New Zealand, 2004; ISBN 99912-0-417-2. open in new tab
- Vale, D.S.; Pereira, M.; Viana, C.M. Different destination, different commuting pattern? Analyzing the influence of the campus location on commuting. J. Transp. Land Use 2018, 11, 1-18. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Rainham, D.G.; Bates, C.J.; Blanchard, C.M.; Dummer, T.J.; Kirk, S.F.; Shearer, C.L. Spatial Classification of Youth Physical Activity Patterns. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2012, 42, e87-e96. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Whalen, K.E.; Páez, A.; Carrasco, J.A. Mode choice of university students commuting to school and the role of active travel. J. Transp. Geogr. 2013, 31, 132-142. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Domarchi, C.; Tudela, A.; González, A. Effect of attitudes, habit and affective appraisal on mode choice: An application to university workers. Transportation 2008, 35, 585-599. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Wuerzer, T.; Mason, S.G. Cycling willingness: Investigating distance as a dependent variable in cycling behavior among college students. Appl. Geogr. 2015, 60, 95-106. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Chowdhury, S.; Ceder, A.; Schwalger, B. The effects of travel time and cost savings on commuters' decision to travel on public transport routes involving transfers. J. Transp. Geogr. 2015, 43, 151-159. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Badland, H.; Hickey, S.; Bull, F.; Giles-Corti, B. Public transport access and availability in the RESIDE study: Is it taking us where we want to go? J. Transp. Heal. 2014, 1, 45-49. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Balsas, C.J. Sustainable transportation planning on college campuses. Transp. Policy 2003, 10, 35-49. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Miralles-Guasch, C.; Domene, E. Sustainable transport challenges in a suburban university: The case of the Autonomous University of Barcelona. Transp. Policy 2010, 17, 454-463. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Kuzia, M.; Przybyłowski, A. Challenges for Urban Sustainable Mobility -Gdynia Maritime University Case Study. Econ. Environ. Stud. 2017, 17, 1071-1085. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Nguyen-Phuoc, D.Q.; Amoh-Gyimah, R.; Tran, A.T.P.; Phan, C.T. Mode choice among university students to school in Danang, Vietnam. Travel Behav. Soc. 2018, 13, 1-10. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Soltani, A.; Allan, A.; Nguyen, H.A.; Berry, S. Students' commuting pattern from the viewpoint of environmentalism: Comparing Australia with China. Int. J. Sustain. High. Educ. 2019, 20, 91-114. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Das, R.; Vishal Kumar, S.; Prakash, B.; Dharmik; open in new tab
- Subbarao, S.S.V. Analysis of University Students Travel Behaviour: En Route to Sustainable Campus. Indian J. Sci. Technol. 2016, 9. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Jacques, C.; Chakour, V.; Mathez, A.; Manaugh, K.; Barreau, G.; Hatzopoulou, M.; Eluru, N.; El-Geneidy, A. An Examination of Commuting Patterns to McGill University. Results of the 2011 McGill Transportation Survey. Final Report; McGill University: Montreal, QC, Canada, 2011.
- VIA VISTULA. Gdansk Traffic Research. A Leaflet; VIA VISTULA: Gdańsk, Poland, 2016. (In Polish)
- Smith, M.E. Design of small sample home-interview travel surveys. Transp. Res. Rec. 1979, 701, 29-35. open in new tab
- Sharot, T. Weighting survey results. J. Mark. Res. Soc. 1986, 28, 269-284.
- McHugh, M.L. The chi-square test of independence. Biochem. Med. 2013, 23, 143-149. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Dell Inc. Dell Statistica (Data Analysis Software System), Version 13; open in new tab
- Dell Inc.: Round Rock, TX, USA, 2016. 48. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Trip Generation, 8th ed.; ITE: Washington, DC, USA, 2008. open in new tab
- Yang, Y.; Diez-Roux, A.V. Walking distance by trip purpose and population subgroups. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2012, 43, 11-19. [CrossRef] [PubMed] open in new tab
- Kotoula, K.M.; Sialdas, A.; Botzoris, G.; Chaniotakis, E.; Salanova Grau, J.M. Exploring the Effects of University Campus Decentralization to Students' Mode Choice. Period. Polytech. Transp. Eng. 2018, 46, 207-214. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Zhou, J.; Wang, Y.; Wu, J. Mode Choice of Commuter Students in a College Town: An Exploratory Study from the United States. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3316. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Okraszewska, R. Impact of Cyclist Facility Availability at Work on the Number of Bike Commuters; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2019; pp. 95-105. open in new tab
- Delmelle, E.M.; Delmelle, E.C. Exploring spatio-temporal commuting patterns in a university environment. Transp. Policy 2012, 21, 1-9. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Santos, G.; Maoh, H.; Potoglou, D.; von Brunn, T. Factors influencing modal split of commuting journeys in medium-size European cities. J. Transp. Geogr. 2013, 30, 127-137. [CrossRef] open in new tab
- Wesselink, R.; Studynka, O.; Kemp, R.; Kemp, R. Encouraging sustainability in the workplace: A survey on the pro-environmental behaviour of university employees. J. Clean. Prod. 2015, 106, 55-67.
- © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). open in new tab
- Verified by:
- Gdańsk University of Technology
seen 221 times
Recommended for you
Effects of the Covid-19 travel restrictions on metropolises mobility: empirical evidence from the Tricity metropolis (Poland)
- K. Grzelec,
- K. Hebel,
- R. Okraszewska
- + 1 authors